/l3/trainings/nt-ladm/2006-03-13/fbsd2.unix.nt/user :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 |
|
$newfs
usage: newfs [ -fsoptions ] special-device [device-type] where fsoptions are: -L volume label to add to superblock -N do not create file system, just print out parameters -O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2 -R regression test, supress random factors -S sector size -T disktype -U enable soft updates -a maximum contiguous blocks ... -e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group -f frag size -g average file size -h average files per directory -i number of bytes per inode -l enable multilabel MAC -n do not create .snap directory -m minimum free space % -o optimization preference (`space' or `time') -s file systemsize (sectors) |
$newfs -L movies /dev/ad3s1h
newfs: /dev/ad3s1h: could not open special device |
$sudo newfs -L movies /dev/ad3s1h
Password: Sorry, try again. Password: /dev/ad3s1h: 5127.0MB (10500000 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 28 cylinder groups of 183.77MB, 11761 blks, 23552 inodes. super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 376512, 752864, 1129216, 1505568, 1881920, 2258272, 2634624, 3010976, 3387328, 3763680, 4140032, 4516384, 4892736, 5269088, 5645440, 6021792, 6398144, 6774496, 7150848, 7527200, 7903552, 8279904, 8656256, 9032608, 9408960, 9785312, 10161664 |
$cd /
|
$ls
COPYRIGHT dev lib root var bin dist libexec sbin boot entropy mnt sys cdrom etc proc tmp compat home rescue usr |
$sudo disklabel -e
usage: bsdlabel disk (to read label) bsdlabel -w [-n] [-m machine] disk [type] (to write label with existing boot program) bsdlabel -e [-n] [-m machine] disk (to edit label) bsdlabel -R [-n] [-m machine] disk protofile (to restore label with existing boot program) bsdlabel -B [-b boot] [-m machine] disk (to install boot program with existing on-disk label) bsdlabel -w -B [-n] [-b boot] [-m machine] disk [type] (to write label and install boot program) bsdlabel -R -B [-n] [-b boot] [-m machine] disk protofile (to restore label and install boot program) |
$ ls -l /dev/ad3s1h
crw-r----- 1 root operator 0, 93 16 ÍÁÒ 11:50 /dev/ad3s1h |
$sudo newfs /dev/ad3s1h
/dev/ad3s1h: 5127.0MB (10500000 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 28 cylinder groups of 183.77MB, 11761 blks, 23552 inodes. super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 376512, 752864, 1129216, 1505568, 1881920, 2258272, 2634624, 3010976, 3387328, 3763680, 4140032, 4516384, 4892736, 5269088, 5645440, 6021792, 6398144, 6774496, 7150848, 7527200, 7903552, 8279904, 8656256, 9032608, 9408960, 9785312, 10161664 |
$ls /
COPYRIGHT dev lib root var bin dist libexec sbin boot entropy mnt sys cdrom etc proc tmp compat home rescue usr |
$sudo newfs -L ndisk /dev/ad3s1h
/dev/ad3s1h: 5127.0MB (10500000 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 28 cylinder groups of 183.77MB, 11761 blks, 23552 inodes. super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 376512, 752864, 1129216, 1505568, 1881920, 2258272, 2634624, 3010976, 3387328, 3763680, 4140032, 4516384, 4892736, 5269088, 5645440, 6021792, 6398144, 6774496, 7150848, 7527200, 7903552, 8279904, 8656256, 9032608, 9408960, 9785312, 10161664 |
$ls /
COPYRIGHT dev lib root var bin dist libexec sbin boot entropy mnt sys cdrom etc proc tmp compat home rescue usr |
$ls l /
ls: l: No such file or directory /: COPYRIGHT dev lib root var bin dist libexec sbin boot entropy mnt sys cdrom etc proc tmp compat home rescue usr |
$ls -l /
total 45 -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 6188 3 ÎÏÑ 10:12 COPYRIGHT drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 15 ÍÁÒ 13:46 bin drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 512 15 ÍÁÒ 13:52 boot drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 15 ÍÁÒ 13:45 cdrom lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 10 15 ÍÁÒ 13:52 compat -> usr/compat dr-xr-xr-x 4 root wheel 512 1 ÑÎ× 1970 dev drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 15 ÍÁÒ 13:45 dist -rw------- 1 root wheel 0 15 ÍÁÒ 17:41 entropy drwxr-xr-x 18 root wheel 2048 16 ÍÁÒ 11:30 etc ... drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 15 ÍÁÒ 13:46 libexec drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 3 ÎÏÑ 10:09 mnt dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 3 ÎÏÑ 10:09 proc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2560 15 ÍÁÒ 13:46 rescue drwxr-xr-x 16 root wheel 1024 15 ÍÁÒ 17:39 root drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2560 15 ÍÁÒ 13:46 sbin lrwxrwxrwx 1 root wheel 11 15 ÍÁÒ 13:45 sys -> usr/src/sys drwxrwxrwt 10 root wheel 512 16 ÍÁÒ 11:48 tmp drwxr-xr-x 17 root wheel 512 15 ÍÁÒ 13:52 usr drwxr-xr-x 23 root wheel 512 16 ÍÁÒ 12:01 var |
$ls /dev
acd0 console mdctl sysmouse ttyvb acd0t01 consolectl mem ttyd0 ttyvc acpi ctty net ttyd0.init ttyvd ad3 cuad0 net1 ttyd0.lock ttyve ad3s1 cuad0.init net2 ttyp0 ttyvf ad3s1a cuad0.lock network ttyp1 urandom ad3s1b devctl nfs4 ttyp2 usb ad3s1c devstat nfslock ttyv0 usb0 ad3s1d dumpdev null ttyv1 usb1 ad3s1e fd pci ttyv2 usb2 ad3s1f fd0 psm0 ttyv3 usb3 ad3s1g fido ptyp0 ttyv4 usb4 ad3s1h geom.ctl ptyp1 ttyv5 xpt0 agpgart io ptyp2 ttyv6 zero apm kbd0 random ttyv7 ata klog stderr ttyv8 atkbd0 kmem stdin ttyv9 bpsm0 log stdout ttyva |
$sudo newfs
usage: newfs [ -fsoptions ] special-device [device-type] where fsoptions are: -L volume label to add to superblock -N do not create file system, just print out parameters -O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2 -R regression test, supress random factors -S sector size -T disktype -U enable soft updates -a maximum contiguous blocks ... -e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group -f frag size -g average file size -h average files per directory -i number of bytes per inode -l enable multilabel MAC -n do not create .snap directory -m minimum free space % -o optimization preference (`space' or `time') -s file systemsize (sectors) |
$mount ndisk
mount: ndisk: unknown special file or file system |
$mount /dev/ad3s1h
mount: /dev/ad3s1h: unknown special file or file system |
$ /dev/ad3s1h
bash: /dev/ad3s1h: Permission denied |
$ /dev/ad3s1h
bash: /dev/ad3s1h: Permission denied |
$mount /dev/ad3s1h /ndisk
mount: /ndisk: No such file or directory |
$mkdir /ndisk
mkdir: /ndisk: Permission denied |
$sudo mkdir /ndisk
|
$ls /
COPYRIGHT dev lib rescue usr bin dist libexec root var boot entropy mnt sbin cdrom etc ndisk sys compat home proc tmp |
$mount /dev/ad3s1h /ndisk
mount: /dev/ad3s1h: Operation not permitted |
$sudo mount /dev/ad3s1h /ndisk
|
$ls /
COPYRIGHT dev lib rescue usr bin dist libexec root var boot entropy mnt sbin cdrom etc ndisk sys compat home proc tmp |
$cd /ndisk
|
$ls
|
$sudo vim /ect/fstab
|
$sudo vim /etc/fstab
|
$reboot
reboot: Operation not permitted |
$sudo mkdir /flash
Password: Sorry, try again. Password: |
$ls
Desktop test.txt |
$ls /
COPYRIGHT dev home proc tmp bin dist lib rescue usr boot entropy libexec root var cdrom etc mnt sbin compat flash ndisk sys |
$cd flash
bash: cd: flash: No such file or directory |
$cd /flash
|
$ls
|
$ls..
bash: ls..: command not found |
$cd /ndisk
|
$mount
/dev/ad3s1a on / (ufs, local) devfs on /dev (devfs, local) /dev/ad3s1f on /home (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1e on /tmp (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1g on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1d on /var (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1h on /ndisk (ufs, local) |
$newfs
usage: newfs [ -fsoptions ] special-device [device-type] where fsoptions are: -L volume label to add to superblock -N do not create file system, just print out parameters -O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2 -R regression test, supress random factors -S sector size -T disktype -U enable soft updates -a maximum contiguous blocks ... -e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group -f frag size -g average file size -h average files per directory -i number of bytes per inode -l enable multilabel MAC -n do not create .snap directory -m minimum free space % -o optimization preference (`space' or `time') -s file systemsize (sectors) |
$tunefs
usage: tunefs [-A] [-a enable | disable] [-e maxbpg] [-f avgfilesize] [-L volname] [-l enable | disable] [-m minfree] [-n enable | disable] [-o space | time] [-p] [-s avgfpdir] special | filesystem |
$man tunefs
|
$sudo tunefs -enable /ndisk
tunefs: maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group must be >= 1 (was nable) |
$sudo tunefs -enable /dev/
acd0 apm fd0 nfs4 ttyp0 ttyvd acd0t01 ata fido nfslock ttyv0 ttyve acpi atkbd0 geom.ctl null ttyv1 ttyvf ad3 bpsm0 io pci ttyv2 urandom ad3s1 console kbd0 psm0 ttyv3 usb ad3s1a consolectl klog ptyp0 ttyv4 usb0 ad3s1b ctty kmem random ttyv5 usb1 ad3s1c cuad0 log stderr ttyv6 usb2 ad3s1d cuad0.init mdctl stdin ttyv7 usb3 ad3s1e cuad0.lock mem stdout ttyv8 usb4 ad3s1f devctl net/ sysmouse ttyv9 xpt0 ad3s1g devstat net1 ttyd0 ttyva zero ad3s1h dumpdev net2 ttyd0.init ttyvb agpgart fd/ network ttyd0.lock ttyvc |
$sudo tunefs -enable /dev/ad3s1h
tunefs: maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group must be >= 1 (was nable) |
$sudo tunefs -n enable /dev/ad3s1h
tunefs: soft updates cannot be enabled until fsck is run tunefs: /dev/ad3s1h: failed to write superblock |
$umount /mdisk
umount: /mdisk: statfs: No such file or directory umount: /mdisk: unknown file system |
$umount /ndisk
umount: unmount of /ndisk failed: Operation not permitted |
$sudo umount /ndisk
umount: unmount of /ndisk failed: Device busy |
$cd /
|
$sudo umount /ndisk
|
$mount
/dev/ad3s1a on / (ufs, local) devfs on /dev (devfs, local) /dev/ad3s1f on /home (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1e on /tmp (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1g on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1d on /var (ufs, local, soft-updates) |
$sudo tunefs -n enable /dev/ad3s1h
tunefs: soft updates set |
$mount /ndisk
mount: /dev/ad3s1h: Operation not permitted |
$sudo mount /ndisk
|
$mount
/dev/ad3s1a on / (ufs, local) devfs on /dev (devfs, local) /dev/ad3s1f on /home (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1e on /tmp (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1g on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1d on /var (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1h on /ndisk (ufs, local, soft-updates) |
$mv /var/log/* /ndisk
mv: rename /var/log/:0.log to /ndisk/:0.log: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/:0.log.1 to /ndisk/:0.log.1: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/:0.log.2 to /ndisk/:0.log.2: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/:0.log.3 to /ndisk/:0.log.3: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/:0.log.4 to /ndisk/:0.log.4: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/Xorg.0.log to /ndisk/Xorg.0.log: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/Xorg.0.log.old to /ndisk/Xorg.0.log.old: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/Xorg.8.log to /ndisk/Xorg.8.log: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/Xorg.8.log.old to /ndisk/Xorg.8.log.old: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/auth.log to /ndisk/auth.log: Permission denied ... mv: rename /var/log/scrollkeeper.log to /ndisk/scrollkeeper.log: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/security to /ndisk/security: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/sendmail.st to /ndisk/sendmail.st: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/sendmail.st.0 to /ndisk/sendmail.st.0: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/sendmail.st.1 to /ndisk/sendmail.st.1: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/slip.log to /ndisk/slip.log: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/userlog to /ndisk/userlog: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/wtmp to /ndisk/wtmp: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/xdm.log to /ndisk/xdm.log: Permission denied mv: rename /var/log/xferlog to /ndisk/xferlog: Permission denied |
$sudo mv /var/log/* /ndisk
|
$ls /ndisk
:0.log auth.log security :0.log.1 cron sendmail.st :0.log.2 debug.log sendmail.st.0 :0.log.3 lastlog sendmail.st.1 :0.log.4 lpd-errs slip.log Xorg.0.log maillog userlog Xorg.0.log.old messages wtmp Xorg.8.log ppp.log xdm.log Xorg.8.log.old scrollkeeper.log xferlog |
$unmount /ndisk
bash: unmount: command not found |
$sudo umount /ndisk
|
$sudo mount /dev/
acd0 apm fd0 nfs4 ttyp0 ttyvd acd0t01 ata fido nfslock ttyv0 ttyve acpi atkbd0 geom.ctl null ttyv1 ttyvf ad3 bpsm0 io pci ttyv2 urandom ad3s1 console kbd0 psm0 ttyv3 usb ad3s1a consolectl klog ptyp0 ttyv4 usb0 ad3s1b ctty kmem random ttyv5 usb1 ad3s1c cuad0 log stderr ttyv6 usb2 ad3s1d cuad0.init mdctl stdin ttyv7 usb3 ad3s1e cuad0.lock mem stdout ttyv8 usb4 ad3s1f devctl net/ sysmouse ttyv9 xpt0 ad3s1g devstat net1 ttyd0 ttyva zero ad3s1h dumpdev net2 ttyd0.init ttyvb agpgart fd/ network ttyd0.lock ttyvc |
$sudo mount /dev/ad3s1h /var/log
|
$sudo shutdown now
Shutdown NOW! shutdown: [pid 793] |
$cd var\
> |
$cd /var
|
$l
bash: l: command not found |
$ls
account cron heimdal msgs rwho at db lib named spool backups empty log preserve tmp crash games mail run yp |
$cd log
|
$ls
:0.log auth.log security :0.log.1 cron sendmail.st :0.log.2 debug.log sendmail.st.0 :0.log.3 lastlog sendmail.st.1 :0.log.4 lpd-errs slip.log Xorg.0.log maillog userlog Xorg.0.log.old messages wtmp Xorg.8.log ppp.log xdm.log Xorg.8.log.old scrollkeeper.log xferlog |
$cat messages
Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci1: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-B> port 0xcc00-0xcc1f irq 19 at device 29.1 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci1: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb1: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-B> on uhci1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb1: USB revision 1.0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub1: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci2: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-C> port 0xd000-0xd01f irq 18 at device 29.2 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci2: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb2: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-C> on uhci2 ... Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub1: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci2: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-C> port 0xd000-0xd01f irq 18 at device 29.2 on pci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci2: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: usb2: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-C> on uhci2 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: usb2: USB revision 1.0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub2: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci3: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-D> port 0xd400-0xd41f irq 16 at device 29.3 on pci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci3: [GIANT-LOCKED] |
$ls
:0.log auth.log security :0.log.1 cron sendmail.st :0.log.2 debug.log sendmail.st.0 :0.log.3 lastlog sendmail.st.1 :0.log.4 lpd-errs slip.log Xorg.0.log maillog userlog Xorg.0.log.old messages wtmp Xorg.8.log ppp.log xdm.log Xorg.8.log.old scrollkeeper.log xferlog |
$cd /
|
$ls
COPYRIGHT dev home proc tmp bin dist lib rescue usr boot entropy libexec root var cdrom etc mnt sbin compat flash ndisk sys |
$sudo rm -R /ndisk
Password: Sorry, try again. Password: |
$ls
COPYRIGHT dev home rescue usr bin dist lib root var boot entropy libexec sbin cdrom etc mnt sys compat flash proc tmp |
$mount
/dev/ad3s1a on / (ufs, local) devfs on /dev (devfs, local) /dev/ad3s1f on /home (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1e on /tmp (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1g on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1d on /var (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad3s1h on /var/log (ufs, local, soft-updates) |
$ls
COPYRIGHT dev home rescue usr bin dist lib root var boot entropy libexec sbin cdrom etc mnt sys compat flash proc tmp |
$LANG=C
|
$LANG=ru_RU.UTF8
|
$ØÛÓÊ
bash: ØÛÓÊ: command not found |
$micq
_ _/ \_ mICQ (???? ICQ ?? ?????) ?????? 0.5.0.4 (2005-06-04 22:27:23 UTC) / \ / \ (c) 1998-2000 Matthew D. Smith, (c) 2001-2005 Ruediger Kuhlmann. >--o--< Released under version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL v2). \_/ \_/ ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????-???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? \m/CQ Mirabilis. ?? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????. ??????????????: ????????? UTF8 ?? ?????????????? ???? mICQ. ??????????????: ???? ??????????? C ??????????? ?, ????????, ?? ???, ??? ??? ???? ... ???????? FIFO ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?? /home/user/.micq/scripting... ??. 12:27:00 13499570 ??? ??????: ???????? (? ????). =========================== ===== ???????? ==== = ????????? ?? = ======== ????? ======= ====== ??????? ===== ======= ?????? ====== =========================== ??????? ??????: :-X |
$micq
System shutdown time has arrived _ _/ \_ mICQ (ËÌÏÎ ICQ ÏÔ íÜÔÔÁ) ×ÅÒÓÉÑ 0.5.0.4 (2005-06-04 22:27:23 UTC) / \ / \ ¿ 1998-2000 Matthew D. Smith, ¿ 2001-2005 Ruediger Kuhlmann. >--o--< Released under version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL v2). \_/ \_/ üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ ÂÅÚ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÉÌÉ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÉÑ ÏÔ \m/CQ Mirabilis. íÙ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÄÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÐÒÉ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ. îÁ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ KOI8-U. ... 12:30:59 Grekman >>> Ñ ÔÅÐÅÒØ É ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÏÍ ÐÉÓÁÔØ ÍÏÇÕ :) 12:31:14 Grekman <<< × ÞÅÍ ÐÒÉËÏÌ mICQ> msg grekman eto ia pitalsia na russkom pisat' 12:31:18 Grekman >>> eto ia pitalsia na russkom pisat' 12:31:34 Grekman <<< ÎÕ, ÎÉÆÉÇÁ Õ ÔÅÂÑ ÎÅ ×ÙÛÌÏ mICQ> msg grekman zna4it ne dou4ilsia, poshel u4it'sia 12:31:50 Grekman >>> zna4it ne dou4ilsia, poshel u4it'sia 12:31:57 Grekman <<< ÄÁ×ÁÊ mICQ> exit óÏÈÒÁÎÑÀ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ × /home/user/.micq/micqrc. |
$ls
COPYRIGHT dev home rescue usr bin dist lib root var boot entropy libexec sbin cdrom etc mnt sys compat flash proc tmp |
$micq
_ _/ \_ mICQ (???? ICQ ?? ?????) ?????? 0.5.0.4 (2005-06-04 22:27:23 UTC) / \ / \ (c) 1998-2000 Matthew D. Smith, (c) 2001-2005 Ruediger Kuhlmann. >--o--< Released under version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL v2). \_/ \_/ ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????-???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? \m/CQ Mirabilis. ?? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????. ??????????????: ????????? UTF8 ?? ?????????????? ???? mICQ. ??????????????: ???? ??????????? C ??????????? ?, ????????, ?? ???, ??? ??? ???? ... 12:47:02 ????????????? ????? ??????: ? ????. 12:47:02 Grekman >>> dolbanaia bsd unicod ne podderjivaet 12:47:03 ? ???? 12:47:26 Grekman <<< 4ego tak? mICQ> msg grekman a ti mojesh kodirovku na koi8-r pereklu4it'? 12:47:43 Grekman >>> a ti mojesh kodirovku na koi8-r pereklu4it'? mICQ> msg grekman a hren ego, iz BSD sistem tol'ko MacOSX podderjivaet 12:48:29 Grekman >>>... mICQ> exit ???????? ????????? ? /home/user/.micq/micqrc. |
$ls
[ dd kenv ps setfacl cat df kill pwd sh chflags domainname link rcp sleep chio echo ln realpath stty chmod ed ls red sync cp expr mkdir rm tcsh csh getfacl mv rmail test date hostname pax rmdir unlink |
$cd /var/log
|
$ls
:0.log auth.log security :0.log.1 cron sendmail.st :0.log.2 debug.log sendmail.st.0 :0.log.3 lastlog sendmail.st.1 :0.log.4 lpd-errs slip.log Xorg.0.log maillog userlog Xorg.0.log.old messages wtmp Xorg.8.log ppp.log xdm.log Xorg.8.log.old scrollkeeper.log xferlog |
$cat userlog
cat: userlog: Permission denied |
$sudo cat userlog
Password: Sorry, try again. Password: 2006-03-15 14:13:30 [unknown:groupadd] gdm(92) 2006-03-15 14:13:30 [unknown:useradd] gdm(92):gdm(92):GNOME Display Manager:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin 2006-03-15 14:20:27 [unknown:groupadd] cyrus(60) 2006-03-15 14:20:27 [unknown:useradd] cyrus(60):cyrus(60):the cyrus mail server:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin 2006-03-15 14:28:09 [unknown:groupadd] user(1001) 2006-03-15 14:28:09 [unknown:useradd] user(1001):user(1001):User:/home/user:/bin/sh 2006-03-15 14:28:09 [unknown:useradd] user(1001) home /home/user made ... 2006-03-15 16:12:05 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/bin/sh 2006-03-15 16:13:47 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/usr/local/bin/mutt 2006-03-15 16:14:37 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/usr/bin/mail 2006-03-15 16:16:03 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/usr/local/bin/micq 2006-03-15 16:17:31 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/usr/local/bin/micq 2006-03-15 16:17:40 [root:usermod] user(1001):user(1001):User:/home/user:/usr/local/bin/bash 2006-03-15 16:42:26 [root:userdel] roman(1002) account removed 2006-03-15 16:48:41 [root:usermod] user(1001):wheel(0):User:/home/user:/usr/local/bin/bash 2006-03-15 16:52:41 [root:usermod] user(1001):wheel(0):User:/home/user:/usr/local/bin/bash 2006-03-15 16:55:25 [root:usermod] user(1001):wheel(0):User:/home/user:/usr/local/bin/bash |
$ls
:0.log auth.log security :0.log.1 cron sendmail.st :0.log.2 debug.log sendmail.st.0 :0.log.3 lastlog sendmail.st.1 :0.log.4 lpd-errs slip.log Xorg.0.log maillog userlog Xorg.0.log.old messages wtmp Xorg.8.log ppp.log xdm.log Xorg.8.log.old scrollkeeper.log xferlog |
$ls.
bash: ls.: command not found |
$ls .
:0.log auth.log security :0.log.1 cron sendmail.st :0.log.2 debug.log sendmail.st.0 :0.log.3 lastlog sendmail.st.1 :0.log.4 lpd-errs slip.log Xorg.0.log maillog userlog Xorg.0.log.old messages wtmp Xorg.8.log ppp.log xdm.log Xorg.8.log.old scrollkeeper.log xferlog |
$cd /
|
Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci1: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-B> port 0xcc00-0xcc1f irq 19 at device 29.1 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci1: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb1: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-B> on uhci1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb1: USB revision 1.0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub1: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci2: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-C> port 0xd000-0xd01f irq 18 at device 29.2 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci2: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb2: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-C> on uhci2 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb2: USB revision 1.0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub2: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci3: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-D> port 0xd400-0xd41f irq 16 at device 29.3 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhci3: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb3: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-D> on uhci3 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb3: USB revision 1.0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub3: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub3: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ehci0: <EHCI (generic) USB 2.0 controller> mem 0xffa7fc00-0xffa7ffff irq 23 at device 29.7 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ehci0: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb4: EHCI version 1.0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb4: companion controllers, 2 ports each: usb0 usb1 usb2 usb3 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb4: <EHCI (generic) USB 2.0 controller> on ehci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: usb4: USB revision 2.0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub4: Intel EHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: uhub4: 8 ports with 8 removable, self powered Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: pcib2: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 30.0 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: pci2: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib2 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: isab0: <PCI-ISA bridge> at device 31.0 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: atapci0: <Intel ICH5 UDMA100 controller> port 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0xffa0-0xffaf at device 31.1 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ata0: <ATA channel 0> on atapci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ata1: <ATA channel 1> on atapci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: atapci1: <Intel ICH5 SATA150 controller> port 0xe800-0xe807,0xe400-0xe403,0xe000-0xe007,0xdc00-0xdc03,0xd800-0xd80f irq 18 at device 31.2 on pci0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: atapci1: failed to enable memory mapping! Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ata2: <ATA channel 0> on atapci1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ata3: <ATA channel 1> on atapci1 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: pci0: <serial bus, SMBus> at device 31.3 (no driver attached) Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: acpi_button0: <Sleep Button> on acpi0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> port 0x60,0x64 irq 1 on acpi0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> irq 1 on atkbdc0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: kbd0 at atkbd0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: psm0: model NetMouse/NetScroll Optical, device ID 0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: fdc0: <floppy drive controller> port 0x3f0-0x3f1,0x3f2-0x3f3,0x3f4-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on acpi0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: fdc0: [FAST] Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: sio0: configured irq 4 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: sio0: port may not be enabled Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: sio0: type 16550A Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: pmtimer0 on isa0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: orm0: <ISA Option ROMs> at iomem 0xca800-0xcb7ff,0xcb800-0xcc7ff on isa0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ppc0: parallel port not found. Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300> Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: sio1: configured irq 3 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: sio1: port may not be enabled Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: Timecounter "TSC" frequency 2493759188 Hz quality 800 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: acd0: DMA limited to UDMA33, controller found non-ATA66 cable Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: acd0: DVDROM <JLMS DVD-ROM LTD-166S/DS0B> at ata1-master UDMA33 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ad3: DMA limited to UDMA33, controller found non-ATA66 cable Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: ad3: 39205MB <Maxtor 6E040L0 NAR61590> at ata1-slave UDMA33 Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ad3s1a Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: WARNING: / was not properly dismounted Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: WARNING: /home was not properly dismounted Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: WARNING: /tmp was not properly dismounted Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: WARNING: /usr was not properly dismounted Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 kernel: WARNING: /var was not properly dismounted Mar 15 17:38:07 fbsd2 savecore: no dumps found Mar 15 17:38:08 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to UP Mar 15 17:38:09 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to DOWN Mar 15 17:38:12 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to UP Mar 15 17:38:13 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to DOWN Mar 15 17:38:20 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to UP Mar 15 17:38:22 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to DOWN Mar 15 17:38:24 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to UP Mar 15 17:38:25 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to DOWN Mar 15 17:38:41 fbsd2 kernel: em0: link state changed to UP Mar 15 17:39:46 fbsd2 shutdown: shutdown by root: Mar 15 17:39:47 fbsd2 fsck: /dev/ad3s1f: 212 files, 1027 used, 1011988 free (36 frags, 126494 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation) Mar 15 17:39:49 fbsd2 syslogd: exiting on signal 15 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 syslogd: kernel boot file is /boot/kernel/kernel Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: Copyright (c) 1992-2005 The FreeBSD Project. Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: FreeBSD 6.0-RELEASE #0: Thu Nov 3 09:36:13 UTC 2005 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: root@x64.samsco.home:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: ACPI APIC Table: <INTEL D865GLC > Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: CPU: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 2.50GHz (2493.76-MHz 686-class CPU) Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0xf29 Stepping = 9 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE> Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: Features2=0x4400<CNTX-ID,<b14>> Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: real memory = 1056112640 (1007 MB) Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: avail memory = 1024565248 (977 MB) Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: ioapic0 <Version 2.0> irqs 0-23 on motherboard Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: npx0: [FAST] Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: npx0: <math processor> on motherboard Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: npx0: INT 16 interface Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: acpi0: <INTEL D865GLC> on motherboard Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: acpi0: Power Button (fixed) Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci_link0: <ACPI PCI Link LNKA> irq 11 on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci_link1: <ACPI PCI Link LNKB> irq 3 on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci_link2: <ACPI PCI Link LNKC> irq 10 on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci_link3: <ACPI PCI Link LNKD> irq 5 on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci_link4: <ACPI PCI Link LNKE> irq 0 on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci_link5: <ACPI PCI Link LNKF> irq 0 on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci_link6: <ACPI PCI Link LNKG> irq 0 on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci_link7: <ACPI PCI Link LNKH> irq 9 on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: acpi_timer0: <24-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x408-0x40b on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: cpu0: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: acpi_throttle0: <ACPI CPU Throttling> on cpu0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: agp0: <Intel 82865G (865G GMCH) SVGA controller> port 0xec00-0xec07 mem 0xf0000000-0xf7ffffff,0xffa80000-0xffafffff irq 16 at device 2.0 on pci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: agp0: detected 16252k stolen memory Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: agp0: aperture size is 128M Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pcib1: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 3.0 on pci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: pci1: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib1 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: em0: <Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection, Version - 2.1.7> port 0xbc00-0xbc1f mem 0xff8e0000-0xff8fffff irq 18 at device 1.0 on pci1 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: em0: Ethernet address: 00:07:e9:3c:2a:36 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: em0: Speed:N/A Duplex:N/A Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci0: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-A> port 0xc800-0xc81f irq 16 at device 29.0 on pci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci0: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: usb0: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-A> on uhci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: usb0: USB revision 1.0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub0: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci1: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-B> port 0xcc00-0xcc1f irq 19 at device 29.1 on pci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci1: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: usb1: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-B> on uhci1 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: usb1: USB revision 1.0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub1: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci2: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-C> port 0xd000-0xd01f irq 18 at device 29.2 on pci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci2: [GIANT-LOCKED] Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: usb2: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-C> on uhci2 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: usb2: USB revision 1.0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub2: Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci3: <Intel 82801EB (ICH5) USB controller USB-D> port 0xd400-0xd41f irq 16 at device 29.3 on pci0 Mar 16 09:51:16 fbsd2 kernel: uhci3: [GIANT-LOCKED]
Password: Sorry, try again. Password: 2006-03-15 14:13:30 [unknown:groupadd] gdm(92) 2006-03-15 14:13:30 [unknown:useradd] gdm(92):gdm(92):GNOME Display Manager:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin 2006-03-15 14:20:27 [unknown:groupadd] cyrus(60) 2006-03-15 14:20:27 [unknown:useradd] cyrus(60):cyrus(60):the cyrus mail server:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin 2006-03-15 14:28:09 [unknown:groupadd] user(1001) 2006-03-15 14:28:09 [unknown:useradd] user(1001):user(1001):User:/home/user:/bin/sh 2006-03-15 14:28:09 [unknown:useradd] user(1001) home /home/user made 2006-03-15 15:15:54 [root:groupadd] roman(1002) 2006-03-15 15:15:54 [root:useradd] roman(1002):roman(1002):roman:/home/roman:/bin/sh 2006-03-15 15:15:54 [root:useradd] roman(1002) home /home/roman made 2006-03-15 16:10:41 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):roman:/home/roman:/bin/sh 2006-03-15 16:12:05 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/bin/sh 2006-03-15 16:13:47 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/usr/local/bin/mutt 2006-03-15 16:14:37 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/usr/bin/mail 2006-03-15 16:16:03 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/usr/local/bin/micq 2006-03-15 16:17:31 [root:usermod] roman(1002):roman(1002):RB:/home/roman:/usr/local/bin/micq 2006-03-15 16:17:40 [root:usermod] user(1001):user(1001):User:/home/user:/usr/local/bin/bash 2006-03-15 16:42:26 [root:userdel] roman(1002) account removed 2006-03-15 16:48:41 [root:usermod] user(1001):wheel(0):User:/home/user:/usr/local/bin/bash 2006-03-15 16:52:41 [root:usermod] user(1001):wheel(0):User:/home/user:/usr/local/bin/bash 2006-03-15 16:55:25 [root:usermod] user(1001):wheel(0):User:/home/user:/usr/local/bin/bash
Время первой команды журнала | 11:48:41 2006- 3-16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 12:34:07 2006- 3-16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 29.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 4.95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 0.76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 2.22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008