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Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Среда (04/13/11)

/dev/pts/6
10:07:02
#declare -r a=dobro










10:07:16




#echo $a


dobro











10:07:19




#unset a





bash: unset: a: не могу сбросить: доступно только для чтения variable











10:07:22




#echo $*












10:08:15




#echo $@












10:08:36




#echo $#


0











10:09:00




#*=1





bash: *=1: команда не найдена











10:09:39




#\*=1





bash: *=1: команда не найдена











10:09:43




#declare *=1





bash: declare: `*=1': неправильный идентификатор











10:09:51




#declare \*=1





bash: declare: `*=1': неправильный идентификатор











10:09:54




#declare '*=1'





bash: declare: `*=1': неправильный идентификатор











10:09:58




#ls /


bin   dev  home  log         media  opt   root  selinux  sys  usr
boot  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  sbin  srv      tmp  var











10:11:20




#echo $?


0











10:11:31




#ls /homeses





ls: невозможно получить доступ к /homeses: Нет такого файла или каталога











10:11:42




#echo $?


2











10:11:49




#echo $-


himBH











10:12:32




#echo $$


8457











10:13:19




#bash












10:13:25




#echo $$





8978











/dev/pts/7
10:13:25




#echo $$


8978











/dev/pts/6
10:13:28




#kill -9 $$












10:14:11




#echo $$


8457











10:14:15




#vim /etc/bash.bashrc










10:15:53




#vim /etc/pro













10:15:53




#vim /etc/profile










10:16:28




#    fi





$_                           $L3_SESSION_ID
$a                           $L3_TAMPERED_EDITORS
$b                           $LANG
$BASH                        $LINENO
$BASH_ALIASES                $LINES
$BASH_ARGC                   $LOGNAME
$BASH_ARGV                   $LS_OPTIONS
$BASH_CMDS                   $MACHTYPE
$BASH_COMMAND                $MAIL
$BASH_COMPLETION             $MAILCHECK
...
$HISTCMD                     $SSH_CLIENT
$HISTFILE                    $SSH_CONNECTION
$HISTFILESIZE                $SSH_TTY
$HISTSIZE                    $STY
$HOME                        $TERM
$HOSTNAME                    $TERMCAP
$HOSTTYPE                    $TIME
$IFS                         $UID
$L3_HOME                     $USER
$L3_PARENT_TTY               $WINDOW











10:16:28




#echo $SHELL


/bin/bash











10:18:26




#echo $LOGNAME


root











10:18:52




#echo $USER


root











10:18:56




#echo $MAIL


/var/mail/root











10:19:12




#echo $





$_                           $L3_SESSION_ID
$a                           $L3_TAMPERED_EDITORS
$b                           $LANG
$BASH                        $LINENO
$BASH_ALIASES                $LINES
$BASH_ARGC                   $LOGNAME
$BASH_ARGV                   $LS_OPTIONS
$BASH_CMDS                   $MACHTYPE
$BASH_COMMAND                $MAIL
$BASH_COMPLETION             $MAILCHECK
...
$HISTCMD                     $SSH_CLIENT
$HISTFILE                    $SSH_CONNECTION
$HISTFILESIZE                $SSH_TTY
$HISTSIZE                    $STY
$HOME                        $TERM
$HOSTNAME                    $TERMCAP
$HOSTTYPE                    $TIME
$IFS                         $UID
$L3_HOME                     $USER
$L3_PARENT_TTY               $WINDOW











10:19:12




#cd /usr/src/












10:22:03




#pwd


/usr/src











10:22:06




#echo $OLDPWD


/root











10:22:25




#cd `echo $OLDPWD`












10:22:41




#pwd


/root











10:22:44




#echo $BASH_VERSI





$BASH_VERSINFO  $BASH_VERSION











10:22:44




#echo $BASH_VERSION


4.1.5(1)-release











10:23:56




#echo $





$_                           $L3_SESSION_ID
$a                           $L3_TAMPERED_EDITORS
$b                           $LANG
$BASH                        $LINENO
$BASH_ALIASES                $LINES
$BASH_ARGC                   $LOGNAME
$BASH_ARGV                   $LS_OPTIONS
$BASH_CMDS                   $MACHTYPE
$BASH_COMMAND                $MAIL
$BASH_COMPLETION             $MAILCHECK
...
$BASHOPTS                    $OPTIND
$BASHPID                     $OSTYPE
$BASH_SOURCE                 $PATH
$BASH_SUBSHELL               $PIPESTATUS
$BASH_VERSINFO               $PPID
$BASH_VERSION                $PS1
$COLUMNS                     $PS2
$COMP_WORDBREAKS             $PS4
$DIFFNAME                    $PWD
$DIR                         $RANDOM











10:23:56




#echo $PIPESTATUS


0











10:24:33




#ls /homess





ls: невозможно получить доступ к /homess: Нет такого файла или каталога











10:24:44




#echo $PIPESTATUS


2











10:24:46




#echo $





$_                           $L3_SESSION_ID
$a                           $L3_TAMPERED_EDITORS
$b                           $LANG
$BASH                        $LINENO
$BASH_ALIASES                $LINES
$BASH_ARGC                   $LOGNAME
$BASH_ARGV                   $LS_OPTIONS
$BASH_CMDS                   $MACHTYPE
$BASH_COMMAND                $MAIL
$BASH_COMPLETION             $MAILCHECK
...
$BASHOPTS                    $OPTIND
$BASHPID                     $OSTYPE
$BASH_SOURCE                 $PATH
$BASH_SUBSHELL               $PIPESTATUS
$BASH_VERSINFO               $PPID
$BASH_VERSION                $PS1
$COLUMNS                     $PS2
$COMP_WORDBREAKS             $PS4
$DIFFNAME                    $PWD
$DIR                         $RANDOM











10:24:46




#echo $HOSTTYPE


i486











10:25:41




#ssh root@192.162.16.254





^C











10:26:27




#ssh root@192.168.16.254


root@192.168.16.254's password:
Linux fobos 2.6.32.26 #1 SMP Sat Dec 4 21:13:18 EET 2010 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Wed Apr 13 11:03:19 2011 from 192.168.16.5
fobos:~# echo $HOSTTYPE
i486
...
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Tue Apr 12 11:58:01 2011 from relay02.techexpert.ua
www:~# echo $HOSTTYPE
i486
www:~# exit
logout
Connection to pingvin.sumy.ua closed.
fobos:~# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed.











10:27:32




#echo $OSTYPE


linux-gnu









прошло 14 минут




10:41:53




#man ping










10:42:27




#ping ya.ru -f


PING ya.ru (87.250.250.203) 56(84) bytes of data.
....^C
--- ya.ru ping statistics ---
1530 packets transmitted, 1526 received, 0% packet loss, time 22873ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 51.750/54.636/150.724/5.339 ms, pipe 10, ipg/ewma 14.959/54.563 ms











10:43:28




#ssh root@192.162.16.254





^C









прошло 11 минут




10:55:27




#ssh root@192.168.16.254


+ mount /dev/mapper/loop0p1 /mnt
+ echo 'DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=00:16:6E:00:00:01
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.16.41
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BOOTPROTO=static
DNS1=192.168.16.254'
nt-fedora.sh: line 38: /mnt/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0: Нет такого файла или каталога
+ echo 'DEVICE=eth1
...
Domain-0                                     0  2945     2     r-----  64583.2
debian1                                      9   580     1     -b----   1427.8
debian2                                     10   580     1     -b----   4961.2
debian3                                     14   580     1     -b----    626.7
debian4                                     12   580     1     -b----   6370.9
debian5                                     15   580     1     r-----   9111.4
win-mon                                      4  1024     1     -b----  21407.3
fobos:~# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed.









прошло >2 часов




13:00:16




#vim /etc/lo













13:00:16




#vim /etc/lo













13:00:16




#vim /etc/login.defs










13:06:56




#ssh root@pingvin.sumy.ua


The authenticity of host 'pingvin.sumy.ua (195.182.202.50)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is ee:64:7a:c0:a2:10:35:8f:9d:10:62:f0:df:f9:78:ac.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'pingvin.sumy.ua,195.182.202.50' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@pingvin.sumy.ua's password:
Linux www 2.6.32-5-686 #1 SMP Wed Jan 12 04:01:41 UTC 2011 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
...
root
wilen@www:/root$ whoami
wilen
wilen@www:/root$ exit
exit
www:~# whoami
root
www:~# exit
logout
Connection to pingvin.sumy.ua closed.









прошло 15 минут




13:22:07




#su user












13:22:19




$mv /etc/passwd /mnt





mv: невозможно переместить «/etc/passwd» в «/mnt/passwd»: Отказано в доступе











13:22:26




$su -c 'mv /etc/passwd /mnt'


Пароль:











13:23:05




$ls /etc/passwd





ls: невозможно получить доступ к /etc/passwd: Нет такого файла или каталога











13:23:11




$ls /mnt


passwd











13:23:20




$su -c 'mv /mnt/passwd /etc'












13:24:00




$exit


exit











13:24:14




#ls /mnt


passwd











13:24:18




#mv /mnt/passwd /etc












13:24:48




#ls


1111      andrey    script1  sort      touch
123a8dss  file.txt  sergey   sortlist  unsortlist











13:24:49




#ls /etc/passwd


/etc/passwd











13:24:52




#man su










13:25:17




#man su










13:26:19




#apt-get install sudo


Чтение списков пакетов... Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово
НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены:
  sudo
обновлено 0, установлено 1 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 0 пакетов не обновлено.
Необходимо скачать 591 kБ архивов.
После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 942 kB.
Получено:1 http://ftp.ua.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main sudo i386 1.7.4p4-2.squeeze.2 [591 kB]
Получено 591 kБ за 1с (550 kБ/c)
Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета sudo.
(Чтение базы данных ... на данный момент установлено 20652 файла и каталога.)
Распаковывается пакет sudo (из файла .../sudo_1.7.4p4-2.squeeze.2_i386.deb)...
Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db ...
Настраивается пакет sudo (1.7.4p4-2.squeeze.2) ...
No /etc/sudoers found... creating one for you.











13:26:40




#sudo -l


Matching Defaults entries for root on this host:
    env_reset
User root may run the following commands on this host:
    (ALL) ALL











13:31:34




#sudo -h


usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -L | -V
usage: sudo -v [-AknS] [-g groupname|#gid] [-p prompt] [-u user name|#uid]
usage: sudo -l[l] [-AknS] [-g groupname|#gid] [-p prompt] [-U user name] [-u
            user name|#uid] [-g groupname|#gid] [command]
usage: sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-C fd] [-g groupname|#gid] [-p prompt] [-u user
            name|#uid] [-g groupname|#gid] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] [<command>]
usage: sudo -e [-AknS] [-C fd] [-g groupname|#gid] [-p prompt] [-u user
            name|#uid] file ...











13:31:53




#sudo -H





usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -L | -V
usage: sudo -v [-AknS] [-g groupname|#gid] [-p prompt] [-u user name|#uid]
usage: sudo -l[l] [-AknS] [-g groupname|#gid] [-p prompt] [-U user name] [-u
            user name|#uid] [-g groupname|#gid] [command]
usage: sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-C fd] [-g groupname|#gid] [-p prompt] [-u user
            name|#uid] [-g groupname|#gid] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] [<command>]
usage: sudo -e [-AknS] [-C fd] [-g groupname|#gid] [-p prompt] [-u user
            name|#uid] file ...











13:31:59




#sudo -v












13:32:08




#man sudo










13:33:17




#visudo


# User alias specification
# Cmnd alias specification
# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
# (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
# it further down)
%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL
#
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
visudo: /etc/sudoers.tmp unchanged











13:33:48




#export EDITOR='vim'












13:33:59




#visudo


# /etc/sudoers
#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
"/etc/sudoers.tmp" 24L, 491C
# Host alias specification
# User alias specification
# Cmnd alias specification
# User privilege specification
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
                                                              24,1        Внизу
user    ALL=(ALL) ALL
"/etc/sudoers.tmp" 25L, 510C записано
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
# (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
# it further down)
%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL
#











13:34:24




#su user












13:34:32




$sudo -s


We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.
[sudo] password for user:











13:34:42




#exit


exit











13:34:52




$exit


exit











13:36:25




#visudo





Defaults:user
# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
root       =(ALL)
# (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
# it further down)
%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL
                                                              9,13      Наверху
[1]+  Stopped                 visudo











13:39:56




#man sudoers










13:41:02




#fg 1


Options are:
  (e)dit sudoers file again
  e(x)it without saving changes to sudoers file
  (Q)uit and save changes to sudoers file (DANGER!)
What now? q
Options are:
  (e)dit sudoers file again
  e(x)it without saving changes to sudoers file
  (Q)uit and save changes to sudoers file (DANGER!)
# Cmnd alias specification
# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
# (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
# it further down)
%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL
#
What now? Q











13:44:54




#visudo


# User alias specification
  2 #/sudoers.tmp" 25L, 551C
  3 # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
# Cmnd alias specification
  4 #
  5 # See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
# User privilege specification
  6 #
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
  7
...
# Cmnd alias specification
Defaults
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
# (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
# it further down)
%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
~
"/etc/sudoers.tmp" 23L, 490C записано











13:46:38




#visudo


#
Defaults        env_reset
# Host alias specification
# User alias specification
"/etc/sudoers.tmp" 23L, 490C
# Cmnd alias specification
# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
# (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
# it further down)
Defaults:user timestamp_timeout=5
# Host alias specification
#
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
"/etc/sudoers.tmp" 24L, 524C записано











13:47:14




#visudo