/l3/users/12-03-2007/nt-lnet/linux3.net.nt/user :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 |
|
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.18.65 255.255.255.192 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#route del default
SIOCDELRT: No such process |
#ifcovnfig eth0 down
bash: ifcovnfig: command not found |
#ifconfig eth0 down
|
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#route add default gw 192.168.18.65
|
#ping 192.168.18.62
PING 192.168.18.62 (192.168.18.62) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.62: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.209 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.62: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.147 ms --- 192.168.18.62 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.147/0.178/0.209/0.031 ms |
#ping 192.168.18.65
PING 192.168.18.65 (192.168.18.65) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.65: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.180 ms --- 192.168.18.65 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.180/0.180/0.180/0.000 ms |
#ping 192.168.18.1
PING 192.168.18.1 (192.168.18.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.18.1 ping statistics --- 38 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 37012ms |
#ping 192.168.16.1
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics --- 25 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 24011ms |
#ping 192.168.18.1
PING 192.168.18.1 (192.168.18.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=58 ttl=63 time=0.515 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=59 ttl=63 time=0.465 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=60 ttl=63 time=0.463 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=61 ttl=63 time=0.474 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=62 ttl=63 time=0.459 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=63 ttl=63 time=0.510 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=64 ttl=63 time=0.439 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=65 ttl=63 time=0.453 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=66 ttl=63 time=0.453 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.1: icmp_seq=67 ttl=63 time=0.458 ms --- 192.168.18.1 ping statistics --- 67 packets transmitted, 10 received, 85% packet loss, time 66007ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.439/0.468/0.515/0.037 ms |
#ping 192.168.16.1
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.506 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.441 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.455 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.460 ms --- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.441/0.465/0.506/0.032 ms |
#ping 192.168.16.15
PING 192.168.16.15 (192.168.16.15) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.732 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.693 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=0.693 ms --- 192.168.16.15 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.693/0.706/0.732/0.018 ms |
#ping 10.0.17.1
PING 10.0.17.1 (10.0.17.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.856 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.675 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=0.628 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=0.652 ms --- 10.0.17.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.628/0.702/0.856/0.095 ms |
#ping mail.ru
PING mail.ru (194.67.57.26) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=1 ttl=110 time=107 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=2 ttl=110 time=104 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=3 ttl=110 time=99.3 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=4 ttl=110 time=99.2 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=5 ttl=110 time=229 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=6 ttl=110 time=103 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=7 ttl=110 time=97.3 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=8 ttl=110 time=166 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=9 ttl=110 time=97.7 ms ... 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=34 ttl=110 time=100 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=35 ttl=110 time=217 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=36 ttl=110 time=99.6 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=37 ttl=110 time=102 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=38 ttl=110 time=96.0 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=39 ttl=110 time=98.2 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=40 ttl=110 time=97.6 ms --- mail.ru ping statistics --- 42 packets transmitted, 39 received, 7% packet loss, time 41118ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 96.056/124.707/306.846/50.762 ms |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.18.65 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ipcalc 192.168.18.64/24 /26
bash: ipcalc: command not found |
#sudo ipcalc 192.168.18.64/26 /28
sudo: ipcalc: command not found |
#sudo ipcalc 192.168.18.64/26 /28
sudo: ipcalc: command not found |
#sudo ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:01:02:B4:61:97 inet addr:192.168.18.126 Bcast:192.168.18.127 Mask:255.255.255.192 inet6 addr: fe80::201:2ff:feb4:6197/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1099957 errors:3 dropped:0 overruns:10 frame:3 TX packets:995645 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1170619533 (1.0 GiB) TX bytes:85362422 (81.4 MiB) Interrupt:177 Base address:0x6000 |
#ping 192.168.16.15
connect: Network is unreachable |
#sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.16.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
|
#sudo ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:01:02:B4:61:97 inet addr:192.168.16.3 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::201:2ff:feb4:6197/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1099983 errors:3 dropped:0 overruns:10 frame:3 TX packets:995716 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1170624449 (1.0 GiB) TX bytes:85368424 (81.4 MiB) Interrupt:177 Base address:0x6000 |
#ping 192.168.16.15
PING 192.168.16.15 (192.168.16.15) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.272 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.237 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.236 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.236 ms --- 192.168.16.15 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.236/0.245/0.272/0.019 ms |
#ping 192.168.18.78
connect: Network is unreachable |
#sudo ifconfig eth1 down
|
#sudo ifconfig eth1 192.168.18.65 up
|
#sudo ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7018ms , pipe 3 |
#sudo ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:01:02:B4:61:97 inet addr:192.168.16.3 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::201:2ff:feb4:6197/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1100027 errors:3 dropped:0 overruns:10 frame:3 TX packets:995781 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1170634449 (1.0 GiB) TX bytes:85372680 (81.4 MiB) Interrupt:177 Base address:0x6000 |
#sudo ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#ping 10.0.17.1
connect: Network is unreachable |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#route add default gw 192.168.16.15/24
192.168.16.15/24: Unknown host |
#ping 192.168.16.15
PING 192.168.16.15 (192.168.16.15) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.266 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.233 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.238 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.238 ms --- 192.168.16.15 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.233/0.243/0.266/0.023 ms |
#route add default gw 192.168.16.15
|
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 10.0.17.1
PING 10.0.17.1 (10.0.17.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.232 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.237 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.243 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.238 ms --- 10.0.17.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4005ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.232/0.246/0.281/0.020 ms |
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4015ms , pipe 3 |
#ifconfig eth1 192.168.18.65/28
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.79 Mask:255.255.255.240 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=8 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=12 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 13 packets transmitted, 0 received, +9 errors, 100% packet loss, time 12000ms , pipe 3 |
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.79 Mask:255.255.255.240 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable ^X^@ --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 5004ms , pipe 3 |
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:01:02:B4:61:97 inet addr:192.168.16.3 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::201:2ff:feb4:6197/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1100216 errors:3 dropped:0 overruns:10 frame:3 TX packets:995995 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1170659109 (1.0 GiB) TX bytes:85437039 (81.4 MiB) Interrupt:177 Base address:0x6000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D ... RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:200 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:200 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:19885 (19.4 KiB) TX bytes:19885 (19.4 KiB) |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 192.168.16.65
PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65) 56(84) bytes of data. c^[[DFrom 192.168.16.3 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.16.3 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.16.3 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4018ms , pipe 3 |
#ping 192.168.18.65
PING 192.168.18.65 (192.168.18.65) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.65: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.103 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.65: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms --- 192.168.18.65 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.053/0.078/0.103/0.025 ms |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2999ms , pipe 3 |
#ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:01:02:B4:61:97 inet addr:192.168.16.3 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::201:2ff:feb4:6197/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1100247 errors:3 dropped:0 overruns:10 frame:3 TX packets:996043 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1170662427 (1.0 GiB) TX bytes:85449495 (81.4 MiB) Interrupt:177 Base address:0x6000 |
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.79 Mask:255.255.255.240 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#ifconfig eth1 down
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.79 Mask:255.255.255.240 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#ifconfig eth1 192.168.18.65/28 up
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.79 Mask:255.255.255.240 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4714 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:5318 (5.1 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.18.65 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 6017ms , pipe 3 |
#mii-tool
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok eth1: no link |
#mii-tool
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok eth1: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.16.15 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.16.15 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.16.15 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.16.15 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.16.15 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.16.15 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7010ms , pipe 3 |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 |
#ifconfig | less
|
#ifconfig eth1 192.168.18.65/28
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f05d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:66 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:9846 (9.6 KiB) TX bytes:12211 (11.9 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#ifconfig eth1 192.168.18.65 netmask 255.255.255.240
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:A1:F0:5D inet addr:192.168.18.65 Bcast:192.168.18.79 Mask:255.255.255.240 inet6 addr: fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f05d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:77 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:86 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:11944 (11.6 KiB) TX bytes:14003 (13.6 KiB) Interrupt:201 Base address:0xc000 |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 192.168.16.78
PING 192.168.16.78 (192.168.16.78) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.16.78 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2001ms |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=5.22 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.144 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.139 ms --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2005ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.139/1.835/5.222/2.394 ms |
#route add default gw 192.168.16.15
|
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#route add default gw 192.168.16.15
|
#ping mail.ru
ping: unknown host mail.ru |
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
|
#ping mail.ru
PING mail.ru (194.67.57.26) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=1 ttl=112 time=107 ms 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=2 ttl=112 time=107 ms --- mail.ru ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 2 received, 33% packet loss, time 2004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 107.295/107.572/107.850/0.429 ms |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.137 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.142 ms --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.137/0.150/0.173/0.021 ms |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 192.168.18.78
PING 192.168.18.78 (192.168.18.78) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.166 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.136 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.78: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.144 ms --- 192.168.18.78 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.136/0.148/0.166/0.018 ms |
#route add -net 192.168.18.80/28 gw 192.168.18.78
|
#ping 192.168.18.94
PING 192.168.18.94 (192.168.18.94) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.94: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.46 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.94: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.134 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.94: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.145 ms --- 192.168.18.94 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.134/1.249/3.468/1.569 ms |
#ping 192.168.18.81
PING 192.168.18.81 (192.168.18.81) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.495 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.399 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.401 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.402 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=0.398 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.353 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=0.397 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=0.422 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=0.425 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=0.389 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=11 ttl=63 time=0.393 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=12 ttl=63 time=0.390 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.18.81: icmp_seq=13 ttl=63 time=0.428 ms --- 192.168.18.81 ping statistics --- 13 packets transmitted, 13 received, 0% packet loss, time 12001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.353/0.407/0.495/0.032 ms |
#cat /proc/net/ip
ip6_flowlabel ip_mr_cache ip_mr_vif ipv6_route |
#cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
0 |
#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
|
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.18.64 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.18.80 192.168.18.78 255.255.255.240 UG 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 192.168.16.15
PING 192.168.16.15 (192.168.16.15) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.238 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.232 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.239 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.237 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.234 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.243 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.239 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.239 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.236 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.231 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.230 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.237 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.15: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.311 ms --- 192.168.16.15 ping statistics --- 15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 14003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.230/0.243/0.311/0.024 ms |
#lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82845G/GL[Brookdale-G]/GE/PE DRAM Controller/Host-Hub Interface (rev 01) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82845G/GL[Brookdale-G]/GE Chipset Integrated Graphics Device (rev 01) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01) 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01) 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev 81) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL (ICH4/ICH4-L) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801DB (ICH4) IDE Controller (rev 01) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) SMBus Controller (rev 01) 00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 01) 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: 3Com Corporation 3c905C-TX/TX-M [Tornado] (rev 74) 01:01.0 Ethernet controller: 3Com Corporation 3c905C-TX/TX-M [Tornado] (rev 74) |
#mii-tool
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok eth1: no link |
$cd /etc/mactab
TUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=> UVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>? VWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@A XYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@AB YZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABC Z[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCD [\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDE \]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEF ]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFG ... !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefgh "#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghi #$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij $%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijk %&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijkl &'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklm '()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmn ()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmno )*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnop bash: cd: /etc/mactab: No such file or directory |
$cd /etc
|
$ls -a
. environment libgda rc2.d .. esound libpaper.d rc3.d acpi exim4 locale.gen rc4.d adduser.conf fonts localtime rc5.d adjtime foomatic login.defs rc6.d aliases fstab logrotate.conf rc.local alsa gaim logrotate.d rcS.d alternatives gconf lsb-base reportbug.conf anacrontab gdm magic resolvconf apm gimp mailcap resolv.conf ... dictd issue.net perl w3m dictionaries-common java pmount.allow wgetrc discover.conf kde3 ppp wodim.conf discover.conf-2.6 kernel-img.conf profile wpa_supplicant discover.conf.d ldap protocols X11 discover.d ld.so.cache .pwd.lock xdg dm ld.so.conf python xml dpkg ld.so.conf.d python2.4 emacs ld.so.hwcappkgs rc0.d email-addresses libao.conf rc1.d |
$ls mactab
ls: mactab: No such file or directory |
$ssh root@linux1
root@linux1's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@linux1's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@linux1's password: Permission denied (publickey,password). |
$ssh root@linux1
root@linux1's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@linux1's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@linux1's password: Permission denied (publickey,password). |
$ssh root@linux1
root@linux1's password: Last login: Tue Mar 13 12:08:54 2007 from 192.168.16.15 Linux linux1 2.6.18-4-686 #1 SMP Wed Feb 21 16:06:54 UTC 2007 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. l3-agent is already running: pid=3415; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
$telnet 192.168.16.1 33333
Trying 192.168.16.1... Connected to 192.168.16.1. Escape character is '^]'. 2+2# 4 ^[ (standard_in) 2: illegal character: ^[ (standard_in) 2: illegal character: ^M ^] telnet> exit (standard_in) 3: illegal character: ^M q (standard_in) 4: illegal character: ^M quit Connection closed by foreign host. |
ip6_flowlabel ip_mr_cache ip_mr_vif ipv6_route
0
Время первой команды журнала | 15:31:52 2007- 3-12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 10:10:47 2007- 3-13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 24.75 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 1.98 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 1.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008