14:10:30
|
#ping fobos.net.nt
PING fobos.net.nt (192.168.16.254) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- fobos.net.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2016ms |
| /l3/users/13-02-2012/NT-Lnet/debian2.net.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 |
|
|
#dig -x 192.168.13.253
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> -x 192.168.13.253 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 30358 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;253.13.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN SOA net.nt. root.net.nt. 6 604800 86400 2419200 604800 ;; Query time: 13 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:09:49 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 92 |
|
#dig -x 192.168.16.254
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> -x 192.168.16.254 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 8803 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; ANSWER SECTION: 254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN PTR net.nt. 254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN PTR fobos.net.nt. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN NS net.nt. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: net.nt. 3600 IN A 192.168.16.254 net.nt. 3600 IN A 10.0.17.1 ;; Query time: 37 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:09:57 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 131 |
|
#dig a fobos.net.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> a fobos.net.nt ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37607 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;fobos.net.nt. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: fobos.net.nt. 3600 IN A 192.168.16.254 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: net.nt. 3600 IN NS net.nt. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: net.nt. 3600 IN A 10.0.17.1 net.nt. 3600 IN A 192.168.16.254 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:10:21 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 92 |
|
#dig -x 192.168.16.254
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> -x 192.168.16.254 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37873 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; ANSWER SECTION: 254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN PTR fobos.net.nt. 254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN PTR net.nt. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN NS net.nt. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: net.nt. 3600 IN A 192.168.16.254 net.nt. 3600 IN A 10.0.17.1 ;; Query time: 86 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:10:29 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 131 |
|
#ping fobos.net.nt
PING fobos.net.nt (192.168.16.254) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- fobos.net.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2016ms |
|
#fobos.net.nt.
bash: fobos.net.nt.: команда не найдена |
|
#fobos.net.nt.
bash: fobos.net.nt.: команда не найдена |
|
#vim file`
|
|
#vim file1
--- /dev/null 2012-02-14 16:34:53.245788566 +0200 +++ file1 2012-02-16 15:11:47.000000000 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +a ya.ru +mx google.com.ua |
|
#dig -f file1
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> a ya.ru ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 45991 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 8, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 8 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 6536 IN A 77.88.21.3 ya.ru. 6536 IN A 87.250.250.3 ... b.root-servers.net. 5847 IN A 192.228.79.201 c.root-servers.net. 82379 IN A 192.33.4.12 e.root-servers.net. 68389 IN A 192.203.230.10 g.root-servers.net. 68389 IN A 192.112.36.4 h.root-servers.net. 68389 IN A 128.63.2.53 i.root-servers.net. 68389 IN A 192.36.148.17 ;; Query time: 97 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:11:59 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 507 |
|
#dig -f file1|less
|
|
#dig -f file1 +short
213.180.193.3 213.180.204.3 77.88.21.3 87.250.250.3 87.250.250.203 87.250.251.3 93.158.134.3 93.158.134.203 10 google.com.s9a1.psmtp.com. 10 google.com.s9a2.psmtp.com. 10 google.com.s9b1.psmtp.com. 10 google.com.s9b2.psmtp.com. |
|
#apt-get install tcpdump
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово Построение дерева зависимостей Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены: tcpdump обновлено 0, установлено 1 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 45 пакетов не обновлено. Необходимо скачать 376 kБ архивов. После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 901 kB. Получено:1 http://ftp.ua.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main tcpdump i386 4.1.1-1 [376 kB] Получено 376 kБ за 1с (201 kБ/c) Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета tcpdump. (Чтение базы данных ... на данный момент установлено 30208 файлов и каталогов.) Распаковывается пакет tcpdump (из файла .../tcpdump_4.1.1-1_i386.deb)... Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db ... Настраивается пакет tcpdump (4.1.1-1) ... |
|
#ping linux
PING homepages.ukservers.net (217.10.138.217) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- homepages.ukservers.net ping statistics --- 54 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 53701ms |
|
#tcpdump port 53
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 15:28:08.329200 IP 192.168.64.150.50508 > 192.168.13.253.domain: 31834+ A? xgu.ru.net.nt. (31) 15:28:08.333205 IP 192.168.13.253.domain > 192.168.64.150.50508: 31834 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (72) 15:28:08.335224 IP 192.168.64.150.34586 > 192.168.13.253.domain: 55494+ A? xgu.ru.test1.net. (34) 15:28:08.339702 IP 192.168.13.253.domain > 192.168.64.150.34586: 55494 2/13/11 CNAME homepages.ukservers.net., A 217.10.138.217 (480) 15:28:08.348417 IP 192.168.64.150.43039 > 192.168.13.253.domain: 8215+ PTR? 253.13.168.192.in-addr.arpa. (45) 15:28:08.353404 IP 192.168.13.253.domain > 192.168.64.150.43039: 8215 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (92) 15:28:08.371179 IP 192.168.64.150.44398 > 192.168.13.253.domain: 36698+ PTR? 150.64.168.192.in-addr.arpa. (45) 15:28:08.376834 IP 192.168.13.253.domain > 192.168.64.150.44398: 36698 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (92) ... 15:29:54.281417 IP 192.168.64.150.43885 > rdns2.hostigation.com.domain: 21240 [1au] PTR? 8.93.85.69.in-addr.arpa. (52) 15:29:54.429526 IP rdns2.hostigation.com.domain > 192.168.64.150.43885: 21240*- 1/2/1 PTR rdns1.hostigation.com. (121) 15:30:16.156725 IP 192.168.64.150.52455 > 192.168.13.253.domain: 5687+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 15:30:16.159315 IP 192.168.13.253.domain > 192.168.64.150.52455: 5687 1/13/11 A 91.205.16.235 (439) 15:30:43.432774 IP 192.168.64.150.56529 > 192.168.13.253.domain: 39457+ A? fbsd1.dobro.nt. (32) 15:30:43.443210 IP 192.168.13.253.domain > 192.168.64.150.56529: 39457 NXDomain 0/1/0 (107) ^C 236 packets captured 881 packets received by filter 645 packets dropped by kernel |
|
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-7399.31388.17643 2012-02-16 15:25:06.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/resolv.conf 2012-02-16 15:27:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ search net.nt test1.net test2.net test3.net nameserver 192.168.13.253 +options ndots:2 |
|
#ping linux
PING homepages.ukservers.net (217.10.138.217) 56(84) bytes of data. ^[[D^C --- homepages.ukservers.net ping statistics --- 89 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 88844ms |
|
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-7399.19602.11936 2012-02-16 15:29:06.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/resolv.conf 2012-02-16 15:29:33.000000000 +0200 @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ search net.nt test1.net test2.net test3.net -nameserver 192.168.13.253 +nameserver 192.168.64.150 options ndots:2 |
|
#ssh ukemp.org
// prime the server with knowledge of the root servers
{
zone ". type hint;
file "/etc/bind/db.root";
};
}
// be authoritati{e for the localhost forward and reverse zones, and for
type master;
// broa file "/etc/bind/db.local";
};
...
"/etc/bind/db.ukemp.org" 19L, 499C
localhost IN A 127.0.0.1
ukemp.ukemp.org. IN A 192.168.5.100
master. IN A 192.168.5.150
~
~
~
root@ukemp:~# exit
logout
Connection to ukemp.org closed.
|
|
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-7399.16108.563 2012-02-16 15:31:07.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/resolv.conf 2012-02-16 15:33:27.000000000 +0200 @@ -1,3 +1,2 @@ -search net.nt test1.net test2.net test3.net -nameserver 192.168.64.150 -options ndots:2 +search net.nt +nameserver 192.168.13.253 |
|
#dig mx ya.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> mx ya.ru ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 36719 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 15 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 2156 IN MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ... h.root-servers.net. 67070 IN A 128.63.2.53 i.root-servers.net. 67070 IN A 192.36.148.17 j.root-servers.net. 67070 IN A 192.58.128.30 j.root-servers.net. 67070 IN AAAA 2001:503:c27::2:30 k.root-servers.net. 67070 IN A 193.0.14.129 l.root-servers.net. 67070 IN A 199.7.83.42 ;; Query time: 29 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:33:57 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 512 |
|
#dig MX ya.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> MX ya.ru ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 26519 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 15 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 2148 IN MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ... h.root-servers.net. 67062 IN A 128.63.2.53 i.root-servers.net. 67062 IN A 192.36.148.17 j.root-servers.net. 67062 IN A 192.58.128.30 j.root-servers.net. 67062 IN AAAA 2001:503:c27::2:30 k.root-servers.net. 67062 IN A 193.0.14.129 l.root-servers.net. 67062 IN A 199.7.83.42 ;; Query time: 107 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:34:06 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 512 |
|
#dig MX ya.ru short
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> MX ya.ru short ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 50823 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 15 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 2058 IN MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ... ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 582 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;short. IN MX ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10800 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2012021600 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 2044 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:35:38 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 98 |
|
#dig MX ya.ru short
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> MX ya.ru short ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25206 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 15 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 2045 IN MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ... ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 33911 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;short. IN MX ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10789 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2012021600 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 138 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:35:49 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 98 |
|
#dig MX ya.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> MX ya.ru ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55209 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 15 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 2003 IN MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ... h.root-servers.net. 66917 IN A 128.63.2.53 i.root-servers.net. 66917 IN A 192.36.148.17 j.root-servers.net. 66917 IN A 192.58.128.30 j.root-servers.net. 66917 IN AAAA 2001:503:c27::2:30 k.root-servers.net. 66917 IN A 193.0.14.129 l.root-servers.net. 66917 IN A 199.7.83.42 ;; Query time: 105 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:36:31 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 512 |
|
#dig -x 192.168.13.253
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> -x 192.168.13.253 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 36891 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;253.13.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN SOA net.nt. root.net.nt. 6 604800 86400 2419200 604800 ;; Query time: 138 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:37:07 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 92 |
|
#dig -x 192.168.16.254
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> -x 192.168.16.254 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 21529 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; ANSWER SECTION: 254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN PTR net.nt. 254.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN PTR fobos.net.nt. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN NS net.nt. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: net.nt. 3600 IN A 192.168.16.254 net.nt. 3600 IN A 10.0.17.1 ;; Query time: 67 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:37:22 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 131 |
|
#vim .vimrc
|
|
#dig fobos.net.nt axfr
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> fobos.net.nt axfr ;; global options: +cmd ; Transfer failed. |
|
#dig axfr fobos.net.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> axfr fobos.net.nt ;; global options: +cmd ; Transfer failed. |
|
#dig axfr dobro.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> axfr dobro.nt ;; global options: +cmd ; Transfer failed. |
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf
|
|
#~
directory "/var/cache/bind";
// If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
// to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple
// ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
// If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable
// nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders.
// Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
// forwarders {
// 0.0.0.0;
// };
auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
listen-on { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.64.150; };
listen-on-v6 { any; };
};
"/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 21L, 615C
|
|
#~
// // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; "/etc/bind/named.conf.local" 9L, 166C |
|
#~
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> @fobos.net.nt txt chaos version.bind ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 49695 ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH TXT "Microsoft DNS server" ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH NS version.bind. ;; Query time: 10 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.13.253#53(192.168.13.253) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 15:46:40 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 77 |
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones
|
|
#// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named.
directory "/var/cache/bind";
// If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
// to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple
// ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
// If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable
// nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders.
// Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
// forwarders {
// 0.0.0.0;
// };
auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
listen-on { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.64.150; };
listen-on-v6 { any; };
};
"/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 21L, 615C
|
|
#~
// // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones"; :q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E37: Изменения не сохранены (добавьте !, чтобы обойти проверку) |
|
#Press ENTER or type command to continue
//
// Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the
// structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize
// this configuration file.
//
allow-transfer { 192.168/24; };
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/bind/named.conf" 12L, 495C записано
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-7399.19054.5518 2012-02-16 15:57:06.000000000 +0200
+++ /etc/bind/named.conf 2012-02-16 15:58:09.000000000 +0200
@@ -9,4 +9,3 @@
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";
-allow-transfer { 192.168/24; };
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options
--- /tmp/l3-saved-7399.9403.855 2012-02-16 15:58:17.000000000 +0200
+++ /etc/bind/named.conf.options 2012-02-16 16:02:20.000000000 +0200
@@ -17,5 +17,8 @@
auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
listen-on { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.64.150; };
listen-on-v6 { any; };
+ allow-transfer { 192.168/24; };
+ forwarders { 192.168.13.253; };
+ forward only
};
|
|
#/etc/init.d/bind9 start
Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
|
#tail -f /var/log/syslog
Feb 16 15:29:50 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'b.dns.jp/A/IN': 2001:502:ad09::5#53 Feb 16 15:29:50 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'g.dns.jp/A/IN': 2001:dc4::1#53 Feb 16 15:29:50 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'g.dns.jp/A/IN': 2001:240::53#53 Feb 16 15:29:50 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'd.dns.jp/AAAA/IN': 2001:dc2::1#53 Feb 16 15:29:50 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'd.dns.jp/AAAA/IN': 2001:200:c000::35#53 Feb 16 15:29:51 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'ns2.ioflood.com/A/IN': 2600:1801:13::1#53 Feb 16 15:29:51 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'ns1.hkg1.afilias-nst.info/A/IN': 2001:500:a::79#53 Feb 16 15:29:51 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'ns1.hkg1.afilias-nst.info/A/IN': 2001:500:8::79#53 Feb 16 15:29:52 debian2 named[12262]: error (network unreachable) resolving '79.48.19.199.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:500:9::79#53 Feb 16 15:30:43 debian2 kernel: [176162.572464] device eth1 left promiscuous mode ^C |
|
#netstat -nlp
Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 192.168.64.150:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12262/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12262/named tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1066/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12262/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1248/exim4 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:57701 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 764/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 752/portmap tcp6 0 0 :::53 :::* LISTEN 12262/named ... udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 752/portmap udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:49278 0.0.0.0:* 764/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:940 0.0.0.0:* 764/rpc.statd udp6 0 0 :::53 :::* 12262/named Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 3375 944/acpid /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 50061 7715/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-VVnDat7714/agent.7714 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 50088 7724/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-agUttS7723/agent.7723 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 50140 7741/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-yjJAFk7740/agent.7740 |
|
#netstat -nlp
Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1066/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1248/exim4 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:57701 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 764/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 752/portmap tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1066/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1248/exim4 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 752/portmap udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:49278 0.0.0.0:* 764/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:940 0.0.0.0:* 764/rpc.statd Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 3375 944/acpid /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 50061 7715/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-VVnDat7714/agent.7714 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 50088 7724/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-agUttS7723/agent.7723 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 50140 7741/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-yjJAFk7740/agent.7740 |
|
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9rndc: connect failed: 127.0.0.1#953: connection refused . Starting domain name service...: bind9 failed! |
|
#dig @localhost net.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> @localhost net.nt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 7969 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;net.nt. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: net.nt. 3600 IN A 10.0.17.1 net.nt. 3600 IN A 192.168.13.253 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: net.nt. 3600 IN NS net.nt. ;; Query time: 65 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Feb 16 16:08:15 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 70 |
|
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-7399.6077.3428 2012-02-16 16:09:00.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/resolv.conf 2012-02-16 16:09:19.000000000 +0200 @@ -1,2 +1,2 @@ search net.nt -nameserver 192.168.13.253 +nameserver 127.0.0.1 |
|
#ping net.nt
PING net.nt (10.0.17.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=40.1 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=63.2 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=63 time=72.0 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=63 time=2.29 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=5 ttl=63 time=12.7 ms c64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=6 ttl=63 time=23.7 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=7 ttl=63 time=98.8 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=8 ttl=63 time=80.2 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=9 ttl=63 time=3.69 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=10 ttl=63 time=6.10 ms ^C --- net.nt ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9138ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.297/40.317/98.880/33.993 ms |
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.local
--- /tmp/l3-saved-7399.8875.10048 2012-02-16 16:14:23.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/bind/named.conf.local 2012-02-16 16:22:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; - +include "/etc/bind/db.etrey" |
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options
|
|
#};
// // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; include "/etc/bind/db.etrey" "/etc/bind/named.conf.local" 9L, 194C |
|
#~
|
|
# 1
bind.keys db.local named.conf.options db.0 db.root rndc.key db.127 named.conf zones.rfc1918 db.255 named.conf.default-zones db.empty named.conf.local |
|
#mv /etc/bind/db.root /etc/bind/db.etrey
|
|
#~
ping: unknown host etrey.net.nt |
|
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9 waiting for pid 14148 to die. Starting domain name service...: bind9 failed! |
|
#tail -f /var/log/syslog
Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: /etc/bind/named.conf:11: missing ';' before 'include' Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: /etc/bind/db.etrey:1: unknown option '$TTL' Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: /etc/bind/db.etrey:3: unknown option 'Serial' Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: /etc/bind/db.etrey:4: unknown option 'Refresh' Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: /etc/bind/db.etrey:5: unknown option 'Retry' Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: /etc/bind/db.etrey:6: unknown option 'Expire' Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: /etc/bind/db.etrey:7: unknown option 'Negative' Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: loading configuration: failure Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: exiting (due to fatal error) ^[[A^C |
|
#~
@ IN SOA etrey 2et.nt. u ; Serial.net.nt. (
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/bind/db.etrey" 11L, 224C записано
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.local
--- /tmp/l3-saved-7399.24870.3449 2012-02-16 16:52:04.000000000 +0200
+++ /etc/bind/named.conf.local 2012-02-16 16:53:43.000000000 +0200
@@ -6,4 +6,9 @@
// organization
//include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";
-include "/etc/bind/db.etrey"
+
+
+zone "etrey.net.nt" {
+ type master;
+ file "/etc/bind/db.etrey";
+}
|
|
#tail -f /var/log/syslog
Feb 16 16:45:57 debian2 named[14536]: exiting (due to fatal error) Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: starting BIND 9.7.3 -u bind Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-f Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: adjusted limit on open files from 1024 to 1048576 Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: found 1 CPU, using 1 worker thread Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: using up to 4096 sockets Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: /etc/bind/named.conf:11: missing ';' before 'include' Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: loading configuration: failure Feb 16 16:53:52 debian2 named[14679]: exiting (due to fatal error) ^C |
|
#~
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones"; "/etc/bind/named.conf" 11L, 463C |
|
#~
// ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
// If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable
// nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders.
// Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
// forwarders {
// 0.0.0.0;
// };
auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
listen-on { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.64.150; };
listen-on-v6 { any; };
allow-transfer { 192.168/24; };
forwarders { 192.168.13.253; };
// forward only;
//
//
24,0-1 Внизу
"/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 24L, 702C записано
|
|
#scp root@192.168.13.253:/etc/bind/db.root /etc/bind
root@192.168.13.253's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@192.168.13.253's password: db.root 100% 2994 2.9KB/s 00:00 |
|
#ping etrey.net.nt
PING etrey.net.nt (192.168.64.150) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.302 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.208 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=21.6 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=0.272 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=7 ttl=64 time=0.186 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=8 ttl=64 time=0.279 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=9 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms ... 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=54 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=55 ttl=64 time=0.186 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=56 ttl=64 time=0.239 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=57 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=58 ttl=64 time=0.187 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=59 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms ^C --- etrey.net.nt ping statistics --- 59 packets transmitted, 59 received, 0% packet loss, time 58974ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.178/0.643/21.685/2.778 ms |
|
#~
// ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
// If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable
// nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders.
// Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
// forwarders {
// 0.0.0.0;
// };
auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
listen-on { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.64.150; };
listen-on-v6 { any; };
// allow-transfer { 192.168/24; };
forwarders { 192.168.13.253; };
etc/bind/named.conf.options" 24L, 702C
forward only;
"/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 24L, 696C записано
|
|
#ping etrey.net.nt
PING etrey.net.nt (192.168.64.150) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms ^C --- etrey.net.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.029/0.035/0.039/0.006 ms |
|
#ping etrey.net.nt
PING etrey.net.nt (192.168.64.150) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.023 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms ^C --- etrey.net.nt ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.023/0.034/0.041/0.006 ms |
|
#ping etrey.net.nt
PING etrey.net.nt (192.168.64.150) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.031 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.64.150: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms ^C --- etrey.net.nt ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.031/0.036/0.041/0.005 ms |
|
#cd
|
|
#ssh 192.168.64.150
The authenticity of host '192.168.64.150 (192.168.64.150)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 3e:c3:8c:6f:e8:92:5b:31:dd:04:d2:51:48:57:c9:99. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.64.150' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.64.150's password: Linux debian2 2.6.32-5-686 #1 SMP Fri Sep 9 20:51:05 UTC 2011 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Thu Feb 16 16:04:53 2012 from 192.168.64.1 l3-agent is already running: pid=1322; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid l3-agent is already running: pid=1322; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
|
#exit
exit Connection to 192.168.64.150 closed. |
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones
--- /tmp/l3-saved-15731.19128.7118 2012-02-17 09:40:15.000000000 +0200
+++ /etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones 2012-02-17 09:42:42.000000000 +0200
@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@
file "/etc/bind/db.127";
};
+zone "192.168.64.in-addr.arpa" {
+ type master;
+ file "/etc/bind/db.192.168.64";
+};
+
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.0";
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/db.e
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/db.e
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/db.e
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/db.etrey
|
|
#vim /etc/b
|
|
#vim /etc/b
|
|
#vim /etc/b
|
|
#vim /etc/b
|
|
#vim /etc/b
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/db.192.168.64
|
|
#reboot
|
|
#top
top - 10:12:35 up 10 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.18, 0.23
Tasks: 60 total, 1 running, 59 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 514752k total, 62756k used, 451996k free, 2928k buffers
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
Swap: 688120k total, 0k used, 688120k free, 26340k cached
1441 root 20 0 2332 1112 896 R 0.7 0.2 0:00.05 top
1039 root 20 0 8260 2824 2308 S 0.3 0.5 0:00.39 sshd
1 root 20 0 2032 708 612 S 0.0 0.1 0:04.18 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
...
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 events/0
7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 sync_supers
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bdi-default
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.08 kblockd/0
|
|
#ping ya.ru
PING ya.ru (87.250.250.3) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 6048ms |
|
#iptables -t nat L
Bad argument `L' Try `iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. |
|
#iptables -t nat -L
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere MASQUERADE all -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination |
|
#iptables -t nat -F
|
|
#iptables -t nat -L
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination |
|
#ping mail.ru
PING mail.ru (94.100.191.204) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- mail.ru ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2000ms |
|
#ping mail.ru
PING mail.ru (94.100.191.203) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 94.100.191.203: icmp_req=1 ttl=56 time=31.8 ms 64 bytes from 94.100.191.203: icmp_req=2 ttl=56 time=24.1 ms ^C --- mail.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 24.157/27.981/31.805/3.824 ms |
|
#apt-get install sen
sendemail sendmail-bin sendpage-server sensors-applet sendfile sendmail-cf sendxmpp sentinella sendip sendmail-doc sensible-mda sendmail sendpage-client sensible-utils sendmail-base sendpage-common sensord |
|
#apt-get install sen
sendemail sendmail-bin sendpage-server sensors-applet sendfile sendmail-cf sendxmpp sentinella sendip sendmail-doc sensible-mda sendmail sendpage-client sensible-utils sendmail-base sendpage-common sensord |
| Время первой команды журнала | 14:09:30 2012- 2-16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Время последней команды журнала | 09:43:07 2012- 2-17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 26.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 2.97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 3.18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
| Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1
2
3
4
Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса,
нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008