/l3/users/14-06-2010/nt-lnet/debian4.net.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 |
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#route -h
![]() route: illegal option -- h usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args] |
#route add -net 192.168.8.0 gw 192.168.16.254
![]() route: bad address: gw |
#route add -net 192.168.8.0 192.168.16.254
add net 192.168.8.0: gateway 192.168.16.254 |
#route -n
![]() usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args] |
#route -n
![]() usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args] |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 1924 re0 10/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 172.16/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 192.168.8 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 0 re0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.4 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 136 re0 1122 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 3 12091 re0 1179 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 1924 re0 10/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 172.16/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 192.168.8 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 0 re0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.4 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 147 re0 1118 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 3 12091 re0 1175 |
#netstat | less
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#sockstat -4l
USER COMMAND PID FD PROTO LOCAL ADDRESS FOREIGN ADDRESS root xdm 978 1 tcp46 *:49152 *:* root Xorg 977 3 tcp4 *:6000 *:* root xdm 974 1 tcp46 *:49152 *:* root xdm 974 3 udp46 *:177 *:* root inetd 948 5 tcp4 *:5902 *:* root sendmail 914 4 tcp4 127.0.0.1:25 *:* root sshd 908 3 tcp46 *:22 *:* root sshd 908 4 tcp4 *:22 *:* root syslogd 750 7 udp4 *:514 *:* |
#sockstat -4l
![]() |
#~
PING 192.168.8.1 (192.168.8.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=18.1 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=13.7 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=16.6 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=18.0 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=20.0 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=17.5 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=15.8 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=19.3 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=16.3 ms ... 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=310 ttl=63 time=28.3 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=311 ttl=63 time=18.7 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=312 ttl=63 time=16.0 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=313 ttl=63 time=17.6 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=314 ttl=63 time=23.9 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=315 ttl=63 time=19.4 ms ^C --- 192.168.8.1 ping statistics --- 315 packets transmitted, 301 received, 4% packet loss, time 315407ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 12.842/19.246/130.454/8.396 ms |
#defaultrouter="19
removable_route_flush="NO" # Flush routes when removing an interface #gif_interfaces="gif0 gif1" # Examples typically for a router. #gifconfig_gif0="10.1.1.1 10.1.2.1" # Examples typically for a router. #gifconfig_gif1="10.1.1.2 10.1.2.2" # Examples typically for a router. defaultrouter="NO" # Set to default gateway (or NO). static_routes="" # Set to static route list (or leave empty). natm_static_routes="" # Set to static route list for NATM (or leave empty). router_enable="NO" # Set to YES to enable a routing daemon. router="/sbin/routed" # Name of routing daemon to use if enabled. router_flags="-q" # Flags for routing daemon. ... #ipv6_router_flags="-q" # If you want to run a routing daemon on an end #ipv6_network_interfaces="ed0 ep0" # Examples for router rtsol_flags="" # Flags to IPv6 router solicitation. rtadvd_enable="NO" # Set to YES to enable an IPv6 router # this router becomes a possible candidate # IPv6 default router for local subnets. mroute6d_enable="NO" # Do IPv6 multicast routing. mroute6d_program="/usr/local/sbin/pim6dd" # Name of IPv6 multicast mroute6d_flags="" # Flags to IPv6 multicast routing daemon. jail_socket_unixiproute_only="YES" # Route only TCP/IP within a jail |
#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf | less
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#vim /etc/rc.conf
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#~
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 2060 re0 10/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 172.16/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 192.168.8 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 0 re0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.4 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 352 re0 876 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 3 12102 re0 1154 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
|
#route -n
![]() usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args] |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 2110 re0 10/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 172.16/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 192.168.8 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 0 re0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.4 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 562 re0 780 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 3 12103 re0 1193 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#route delete 192.168.8.0 192.168.16.254
delete net 192.168.8.0: gateway 192.168.16.254 |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 2129 re0 10/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 172.16/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.4 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 614 re0 750 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 2 12104 re0 1163 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#/etc/rc.d/routing restart
default 192.168.16.254 done add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 route: bad address: add Additional routing options:. |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
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#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 9 re0 10/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 172.16/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.4 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 708 re0 726 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 2 12109 re0 1176 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#/etc/rc.d/routing restart
default 192.168.16.254 done add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 add net 192.168.8.0: gateway 192.168.16.254 Additional routing options:. |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 0 re0 10/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 172.16/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 192.168.8 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 0 re0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.4 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 721 re0 721 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 3 12110 re0 1171 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
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#vim /etc/rc.conf
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#!stname="fbsd4.net.nt"
![]() ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ".vimrc" [New File] 3 lines, 19 characters written |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
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#/etc/rc.d/routing restart
default 192.168.16.254 done 192.168.8 192.168.16.254 done add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 add net 192.168.8.0: gateway 192.168.16.254 add net 192.168.9.0: gateway 192.168.16.254 Additional routing options:. |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 4 re0 10/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 172.16/24 link#2 UC 0 0 intern 192.168.8 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 0 re0 192.168.9 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 0 re0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.4 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 1041 re0 648 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 4 12115 re0 1168 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
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#:q!
#! sshd_enable="yes" font8x14="cp866-8x14" font8x16="cp866b-8x16" font8x8="cp866-8x8" keymap="ru.koi8-r" keyrate="normal" local_startup="/usr/local/etc/rc.d" mousechar_start="3" moused_enable="YES" ... hostname="fbsdvm.unix.nt" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 255.255.255.0" ifconfig_re1_name="internet" ifconfig_internet_alias1="inet 10.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0" ifconfig_internet_alias0="inet 172.16.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" ifconfig_internet="ether 00:16:4f:00:01:04" hostname="fbsd4.net.nt" static_routes="8_0 9_0" route_8_0="-net 192.168.8.0 192.168.16.254" route_9_0="-net 192.168.9.0 192.168.16.254" |
#exit
exit Connection to 192.168.16.24 closed. |
#ssh 192.168.16.254
root@192.168.16.254's password: Linux debian 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Jun 14 07:10:01 2010 from debian4.net.nt debian:~# sysctl -a | grep forward error: "Success" reading key "dev.parport.parport0.autoprobe" ... 36 # security of the host and prevent against some network attacks 37 # including spoofing attacks and man in the middle attacks through 38 # redirection. Some network environments, however, require that these 40 # 41 # Ignore ICMP broadcasts 39 # settings are disabled so review and enable them as neede41,1 40% 42 #net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 debian:~# exit logout Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed. |
#ssh 192.168.16.24
Password: Last login: Mon Jun 14 14:17:24 2010 from debian4.net.nt Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section for your release first as it's updated frequently. ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=13242; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#grep gateway_enable /etc/defaults/rc.conf
gateway_enable="NO" # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway. ipxgateway_enable="NO" # Set to YES to enable IPX routing. forward_sourceroute="NO" # do source routing (only if gateway_enable is set to "YES") ipv6_gateway_enable="NO" # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway. |
#vim /etc/sysctl.conf
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#~
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#sysctl -a | grep forwarding
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0 net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0 |
#sysctl -ad | grep forwarding
net.inet.ip.forwarding: Enable IP forwarding between interfaces net.inet.ip.sourceroute: Enable forwarding source routed IP packets net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: Enable fast IP forwarding net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
![]() |
#sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 -> 1 |
#apt-get install evince
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово Построение дерева зависимостей Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово Будут установлены следующие дополнительные пакеты: evince-common gconf2 libcupsimage2 libdjvulibre-text libdjvulibre21 libevince2 libgail18 libgs8 libgtk2.0-0 libjbig2dec0 libkpathsea5 liblcms1 libnautilus-extension1 libopenjpeg2 libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpoppler-glib4 libpoppler5 libspectre1 libt1-5 Предлагаемые пакеты: unrar poppler-data gconf-defaults-service liblcms-utils libspectre1-dbg ... Настраивается пакет libgs8 (8.71~dfsg2-3) ... Настраивается пакет libspectre1 (0.2.5-1) ... Настраивается пакет libt1-5 (5.1.2-3) ... Настраивается пакет libevince2 (2.30.1-3) ... Настраивается пакет libnautilus-extension1 (2.30.1-1) ... Настраивается пакет gconf2 (2.28.1-3) ... Настраивается пакет evince-common (2.30.1-3) ... Настраивается пакет evince (2.30.1-3) ... Настраивается пакет libpaper-utils (1.1.24) ... Обрабатываются триггеры для menu ... |
#dmesg
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.26-2-xen-686 (Debian 2.6.26-21lenny4) (dannf@debian.org) (gcc version 4.1.3 20080704 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.2-25)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 [ 0.000000] Reserving virtual address space above 0xf5800000 [ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000024c00000 (usable) [ 0.000000] 0MB HIGHMEM available. [ 0.000000] 588MB LOWMEM available. [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active [ 0.000000] Entering add_active_range(0, 0, 150528) 0 entries of 256 used ... [ 1.271301] thermal: Unknown symbol acpi_processor_set_thermal_limit [ 1.537556] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds [ 1.537571] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. [ 2.682543] udev: starting version 151 [ 3.333493] EXT3 FS on xvda1, internal journal [ 4.428080] fuse init (API version 7.9) [ 5.979762] NET: Registered protocol family 10 [ 5.980045] lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions [ 16.237878] eth0: no IPv6 routers present [ 18.048584] inet: no IPv6 routers present |
#ssh 192.168.16.2
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.2 (192.168.16.2)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 39:83:3e:b7:8e:77:bd:45:4f:ce:10:33:df:0a:94:93. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.16.2's password: Linux debian2 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent ... (Чтение базы данных ... на данный момент установлено 54037 файлов и каталогов.) Распаковывается пакет libpcap0.8 (из файла .../libpcap0.8_1.1.1-2_i386.deb)... Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета tcpdump. Распаковывается пакет tcpdump (из файла .../tcpdump_4.1.1-1_i386.deb)... Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db ... Настраивается пакет libpcap0.8 (1.1.1-2) ... Настраивается пакет tcpdump (4.1.1-1) ... root@debian2:~# exit logout Connection to 192.168.16.2 closed. |
#ssh 192.168.16.1
root@192.168.16.1's password: Linux debian1 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Jun 14 11:14:35 2010 from debian4.net.nt l3-agent is already running: pid=1245; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid root@debian1:~# l3script |
#ssh 192.168.16.2
root@192.168.16.2's password: Linux debian2 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Jun 14 16:07:36 2010 from 192.168.16.1 l3-agent is already running: pid=1385; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid root@debian2:~# l3script |
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:02 inet addr:192.168.5.2 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:102/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:18 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:660 (660.0 B) TX bytes:972 (972.0 B) |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3999ms |
#ifconfig eth2
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:02:02 inet addr:192.168.4.1 Bcast:192.168.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:202/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:11 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:846 (846.0 B) TX bytes:510 (510.0 B) |
#ping 192.168.4.2
![]() PING 192.168.4.2 (192.168.4.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.4.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.4.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.4.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.4.2 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4017ms , pipe 3 |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=9 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=13 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=14 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=15 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=17 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=18 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=19 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 22 packets transmitted, 0 received, +15 errors, 100% packet loss, time 21033ms , pipe 3 |
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1128 (1.1 KiB) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B) |
#ping 192.168.5.2
![]() PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4017ms , pipe 3 |
#exit
exit root@debian1:~# exit logout Connection to 192.168.16.1 closed. |
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:02 inet addr:192.168.16.2 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:2/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:41512 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:49524 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:14923061 (14.2 MiB) TX bytes:21266283 (20.2 MiB) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:02 inet addr:192.168.5.2 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 ... collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:846 (846.0 B) TX bytes:762 (762.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:31 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:31 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:5328 (5.2 KiB) TX bytes:5328 (5.2 KiB) |
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:02 inet addr:192.168.5.2 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:102/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:44 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:660 (660.0 B) TX bytes:2344 (2.2 KiB) |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.4.2) at <incomplete> on eth2 ? (192.168.16.1) at 00:16:3e:00:00:01 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#vim /etc/ma
![]() |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 3017ms , pipe 3 |
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:02 inet addr:192.168.5.2 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:102/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:50 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:660 (660.0 B) TX bytes:2596 (2.5 KiB) |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=9 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable ... From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=53 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=54 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=55 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=57 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=58 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=59 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 59 packets transmitted, 0 received, +45 errors, 100% packet loss, time 58068ms , pipe 3 |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 999ms |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 5016ms , pipe 3 |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=8 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.2 icmp_seq=12 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 12 packets transmitted, 0 received, +9 errors, 100% packet loss, time 11011ms , pipe 3 |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1013ms |
#tcpdump -i eth1 -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 16:18:38.569803 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.2 tell 192.168.5.1, length 46 16:18:38.569818 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.2 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:02, length 28 16:18:39.569939 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.2 tell 192.168.5.1, length 46 16:18:39.569950 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.2 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:02, length 28 16:18:40.569809 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.2 tell 192.168.5.1, length 46 16:18:40.569821 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.2 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:02, length 28 16:18:42.573823 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.2 tell 192.168.5.1, length 46 16:18:42.573834 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.2 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:02, length 28 ... 16:22:47.901909 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.2 tell 192.168.5.1, length 46 16:22:47.901918 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.2 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:02, length 28 16:22:48.901820 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.2 tell 192.168.5.1, length 46 16:22:48.901831 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.2 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:02, length 28 16:22:49.901927 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.2 tell 192.168.5.1, length 46 16:22:49.901935 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.2 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:02, length 28 ^C 204 packets captured 204 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at 00:16:3e:00:01:01 [ether] on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#ping 192.168.15.1
![]() PING 192.168.15.1 (192.168.15.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.15.1 ping statistics --- 341 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 340013ms |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at 00:16:3e:00:01:01 [ether] on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#arp -d 192.168.5.1
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#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#ping 192.168.15.1
PING 192.168.15.1 (192.168.15.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.823 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.787 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.776 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.752 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=1.13 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.803 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=0.774 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=0.760 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=0.758 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=0.782 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=63 time=0.791 ms ^C --- 192.168.15.1 ping statistics --- 11 packets transmitted, 11 received, 0% packet loss, time 10003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.752/0.812/1.130/0.105 ms |
#traceroute -n 192.168.5^C
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#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2019ms |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#ping 192.168.15.1
PING 192.168.15.1 (192.168.15.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.818 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.761 ms ^C --- 192.168.15.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.761/0.789/0.818/0.040 ms |
#traceroute -n 192.168.15.1
traceroute to 192.168.15.1 (192.168.15.1), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 192.168.16.254 0.078 ms 0.141 ms 0.132 ms 2 192.168.15.1 52.061 ms 52.364 ms 52.684 ms |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at 00:16:3e:00:01:01 [ether] on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at 00:16:3e:00:01:01 [ether] on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#ifconfig eth1 172.15.0.2
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#ping 172.15.0.1
PING 172.15.0.1 (172.15.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=9 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable ... From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=25 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=26 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=27 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=29 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=30 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.15.0.2 icmp_seq=31 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 172.15.0.1 ping statistics --- 32 packets transmitted, 0 received, +24 errors, 100% packet loss, time 31049ms , pipe 3 |
#ifconfig eth1 192.168.5.2
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.5.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.016 ms ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.016/0.016/0.016/0.000 ms |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1012ms |
#arp -an
? (192.168.5.1) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.1) at 00:16:3e:00:01:01 [ether] on eth2 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 |
#ping 192.168.5.1
![]() PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2013ms |
#shutdown -h now
Broadcast message from root@debian2 (pts/1) (Mon Jun 14 16:46:31 2010): The system is going down for system halt NOW! |
#ssh 192.168.16.3
![]() The authenticity of host '192.168.16.3 (192.168.16.3)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 39:83:3e:b7:8e:77:bd:45:4f:ce:10:33:df:0a:94:93. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.3' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.16.3's password: ass Permission denied, please try again. root@192.168.16.3's password: Linux debian3 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Jun 14 16:08:44 2010 from 192.168.16.1 l3-agent is already running: pid=1376; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid root@debian3:~# shutdown -h now Broadcast message from root@debian3 (pts/1) (Mon Jun 14 16:46:48 2010): The system is going down for system halt NOW! root@debian3:~# Connection to 192.168.16.3 closed by remote host. Connection to 192.168.16.3 closed. |
#shutdown -h now
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#netstat -lnp
Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1000/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::5900 :::* LISTEN 1026/Xvnc tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1000/sshd Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 2588 1077/gnome-keyring- /tmp/keyring-ljZs3L/socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 2382 985/dbus-daemon /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 2813 1195/dbus-daemon @/tmp/dbus-gbXyyvwoOE unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 2799 1191/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-WfUKnd1152/agent.1152 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 2430 1011/gdm /var/run/gdm_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 2872 1224/gconfd-2 /tmp/orbit-user/linc-4c8-0-2abf4729e80a8 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 2889 1219/firefox-bin /tmp/orbit-user/linc-4c3-0-7d37809017e2 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 2475 1026/Xvnc /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 |
#netstat -lnp | grep :22
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1000/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1000/sshd |
Время первой команды журнала | 13:17:25 2010- 6-14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 09:09:08 2010- 6-15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 23.76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.93 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008