/l3/users/16-10-2018/NT-Ladm/debian2.net.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 |
|
#ls -l
total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 ivan ivan 0 Oct 19 09:37 Project1 -rw-r--r-- 1 ivan developers 0 Oct 19 09:39 Project2 |
#> Project3
|
#ls -l
total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 ivan ivan 0 Oct 19 09:37 Project1 -rw-r--r-- 1 ivan developers 0 Oct 19 09:39 Project2 -rw-rw---- 1 root developers 0 Oct 19 09:43 Project3 |
#ls /dev
autofs fuse MAKEDEV random tty0 tty21 tty34 tty47 tty6 vcs vga_arbiter block hpet mapper root tty1 tty22 tty35 tty48 tty60 vcs1 xconsole bsg input mcelog rtc tty10 tty23 tty36 tty49 tty61 vcs2 xvda btrfs-control kmsg mem rtc0 tty11 tty24 tty37 tty5 tty62 vcs3 xvda1 cdrom1 log net sg0 tty12 tty25 tty38 tty50 tty63 vcs4 xvdb char loop0 network_latency shm tty13 tty26 tty39 tty51 tty7 vcs5 zero console loop1 network_throughput snapshot tty14 tty27 tty4 tty52 tty8 vcs6 core loop2 null snd tty15 tty28 tty40 tty53 tty9 vcsa cpu loop3 oldmem sndstat tty16 tty29 tty41 tty54 ttyS0 vcsa1 cpu_dma_latency loop4 port sr0 tty17 tty3 tty42 tty55 ttyS1 vcsa2 disk loop5 ppp stderr tty18 tty30 tty43 tty56 ttyS2 vcsa3 dvd1 loop6 psaux stdin tty19 tty31 tty44 tty57 ttyS3 vcsa4 fd loop7 ptmx stdout tty2 tty32 tty45 tty58 uinput vcsa5 full loop-control pts tty tty20 tty33 tty46 tty59 urandom vcsa6 |
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders, total 33554432 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e4875 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 2048 32088063 16043008 83 Linux Disk /dev/xvdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders, total 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table |
#fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc87c46bb. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): ^C |
#fdisk /dev/xvdb -p
fdisk: invalid option -- 'p' Usage: fdisk [options] <disk> change partition table fdisk [options] -l <disk> list partition table(s) fdisk -s <partition> give partition size(s) in blocks Options: -b <size> sector size (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096) -c[=<mode>] compatible mode: 'dos' or 'nondos' (default) -h print this help text -u[=<unit>] display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default) -v print program version -C <number> specify the number of cylinders -H <number> specify the number of heads -S <number> specify the number of sectors per track |
#fdisk /dev/xvdb p
Usage: fdisk [options] <disk> change partition table fdisk [options] -l <disk> list partition table(s) fdisk -s <partition> give partition size(s) in blocks Options: -b <size> sector size (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096) -c[=<mode>] compatible mode: 'dos' or 'nondos' (default) -h print this help text -u[=<unit>] display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default) -v print program version -C <number> specify the number of cylinders -H <number> specify the number of heads -S <number> specify the number of sectors per track |
#fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x48308043. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p ... Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48308043 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdb1 2048 4884860 2441406+ 83 Linux /dev/xvdb2 4884861 10485759 2800449+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. |
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders, total 33554432 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e4875 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 2048 32088063 16043008 83 Linux Disk /dev/xvdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders, total 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48308043 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdb1 2048 4884860 2441406+ 83 Linux /dev/xvdb2 4884861 10485759 2800449+ 83 Linux |
#ls /dev/sd*
ls: cannot access /dev/sd*: No such file or directory |
#ls /dev/xv*
/dev/xvda /dev/xvda1 /dev/xvdb /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdb2 |
#ls -l /dev/xv*
brw-rw---T 1 root disk 202, 0 Oct 14 20:49 /dev/xvda brw-rw---T 1 root disk 202, 1 Oct 14 20:49 /dev/xvda1 brw-rw---T 1 root disk 202, 16 Oct 19 10:08 /dev/xvdb brw-rw---T 1 root disk 202, 17 Oct 19 10:08 /dev/xvdb1 brw-rw---T 1 root disk 202, 18 Oct 19 10:08 /dev/xvdb2 |
#stat /dev/xvdb
File: `/dev/xvdb' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 block special file Device: 5h/5d Inode: 2490 Links: 1 Device type: ca,10 Access: (1660/brw-rw---T) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 6/ disk) Access: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.711751953 +0300 Modify: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.667751960 +0300 Change: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.667751960 +0300 Birth: - |
#stat /dev/xvdb1
File: `/dev/xvdb1' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 block special file Device: 5h/5d Inode: 40830 Links: 1 Device type: ca,11 Access: (1660/brw-rw---T) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 6/ disk) Access: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.711751953 +0300 Modify: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.711751953 +0300 Change: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.711751953 +0300 Birth: - |
#stat /dev/xvdb2
File: `/dev/xvdb2' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 block special file Device: 5h/5d Inode: 40831 Links: 1 Device type: ca,12 Access: (1660/brw-rw---T) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 6/ disk) Access: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.715751952 +0300 Modify: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.715751952 +0300 Change: 2018-10-19 10:08:29.715751952 +0300 Birth: - |
#mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 152608 inodes, 610351 blocks 30517 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=629145600 19 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8032 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done |
#mkfs -t ext4 -L home -m 0 -b 1024 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012) Filesystem label=home OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 153088 inodes, 2441404 blocks 0 blocks (0.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=69730304 299 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 512 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409, 663553, 1024001, 1990657 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done |
#apt-get install xfsprogs
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libreadline5 Suggested packages: xfsdump attr quota The following NEW packages will be installed: libreadline5 xfsprogs 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. ... Get:2 http://ftp.ua.debian.org/debian/ wheezy/main xfsprogs amd64 3.1.7+b1 [1,464 kB] Fetched 1,614 kB in 0s (4,338 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libreadline5:amd64. (Reading database ... 28873 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libreadline5:amd64 (from .../libreadline5_5.2+dfsg-2~deb7u1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package xfsprogs. Unpacking xfsprogs (from .../xfsprogs_3.1.7+b1_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up libreadline5:amd64 (5.2+dfsg-2~deb7u1) ... Setting up xfsprogs (3.1.7+b1) ... |
#mkfs -t xfs /dev/xvdb2
meta-data=/dev/xvdb2 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=175028 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=700112, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 |
#fdisk -l /dev/xvdb
Disk /dev/xvdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders, total 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48308043 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdb1 2048 4884860 2441406+ 83 Linux /dev/xvdb2 4884861 10485759 2800449+ 83 Linux |
#cd /mnt
|
#ls -l
total 0 |
#mkdir data
|
#mount /dev/xvdb1 /mnt/data
|
#mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=61932,mode=755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=50740k,mode=755) /dev/disk/by-uuid/92b79496-a6c3-450d-a438-766caa8504d8 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered) tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k) tmpfs on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=101460k) /dev/xvdb1 on /mnt/data type ext4 (rw,relatime,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered) |
#umount /mnt/data
|
#mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=61932,mode=755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=50740k,mode=755) /dev/disk/by-uuid/92b79496-a6c3-450d-a438-766caa8504d8 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered) tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k) tmpfs on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=101460k) |
#mount -o noexec /dev/xvdb1 /mnt/data
|
#cd data/
|
#cp `which whoami`
cp: missing destination file operand after `/usr/bin/whoami' Try `cp --help' for more information. |
#cp `which whoami` .
|
#./whoami
l3script: ./whoami: Permission denied |
#mount -o remount /mnt/data/
|
#mount -o remount,defaults /mnt/data/
|
#cd /mnt
|
#mount -o remount,defaults /mnt/data/
|
#vi /etc/fstab
--- /tmp/l3-saved-15301.22739.14070 2018-10-19 11:39:54.255740125 +0300 +++ /etc/fstab 2018-10-19 11:46:06.947751743 +0300 @@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ # swap was on /dev/xvda5 during installation UUID=c74f7f49-4c6d-4208-81f6-14356114f2e0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 +LABEL=home /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 1 |
#mount /mnt/data/
|
#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 16G 1.1G 14G 8% / udev 10M 0 10M 0% /dev tmpfs 50M 160K 50M 1% /run /dev/disk/by-uuid/92b79496-a6c3-450d-a438-766caa8504d8 16G 1.1G 14G 8% / tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/shm /dev/xvdb1 2.3G 36M 2.3G 2% /mnt/data |
#ls /dev/hd*
ls: cannot access /dev/hd*: No such file or directory |
#jobs
|
#ps -u ivan l
F UID PID PPID PRI NI VSZ RSS WCHAN STAT TTY TIME COMMAND 5 1001 15849 15847 20 0 71288 1744 - S ? 0:00 sshd: ivan@pts/0 0 1001 15850 15849 20 0 22584 3192 - Ss pts/0 0:00 -bash |
#ps -U ivan l
F UID PID PPID PRI NI VSZ RSS WCHAN STAT TTY TIME COMMAND 5 1001 15849 15847 20 0 71288 1744 - S ? 0:00 sshd: ivan@pts/0 0 1001 15850 15849 20 0 22584 3192 - Ss pts/0 0:00 -bash 0 0 15931 15850 20 0 33084 1260 - S+ pts/0 0:00 passwd |
#ps -o "%u %U %y %a" -U ivan
RUSER USER TTY COMMAND ivan ivan ? sshd: ivan@pts/0 ivan ivan pts/0 -bash ivan root pts/0 passwd |
#ps -o "%p %P %u %U %y %a" -U ivan
PID PPID RUSER USER TTY COMMAND 15849 15847 ivan ivan ? sshd: ivan@pts/0 15850 15849 ivan ivan pts/0 -bash 15931 15850 ivan root pts/0 passwd |
#htop
l3script: htop: command not found |
#apt-get install htop
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: strace ltrace The following NEW packages will be installed: htop 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 74.9 kB of archives. After this operation, 216 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://ftp.ua.debian.org/debian/ wheezy/main htop amd64 1.0.1-1 [74.9 kB] Fetched 74.9 kB in 0s (539 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package htop. (Reading database ... 28942 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking htop (from .../htop_1.0.1-1_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up htop (1.0.1-1) ... |
#top
top - 14:19:06 up 4 days, 16:53, 3 users, load average: 0.25, 0.09, 0.07 Tasks: 65 total, 1 running, 64 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.0 id, 1.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 507368 total, 366596 used, 140772 free, 133724 buffers KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 used, 0 free, 123064 cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 130 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:05.02 jbd2/xvda1-8 16179 root 20 0 25292 1584 1128 R 0.3 0.3 0:00.01 top 1 root 20 0 10648 836 696 S 0.0 0.2 0:07.67 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd ... 14847 root 20 0 21376 1004 500 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 udevd 14884 root 20 0 21260 992 488 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 udevd 14888 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0 15222 root 20 0 71288 3688 2888 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.19 sshd 15224 root 20 0 22000 2596 1628 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.04 bash 15269 root 20 0 18164 840 688 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.03 script 15300 root 20 0 18168 460 300 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.05 script 15301 root 20 0 21660 2340 1696 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.42 l3script 15546 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 jbd2/xvdb1-8 15547 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit |
#pstree
init─┬─acpid ├─cron ├─exim4 ├─6*[getty] ├─2*[l3-agent] ├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}] ├─sshd─┬─sshd───bash───script───script───l3script───pstree │ ├─sshd───sshd───bash───script───script───l3script │ └─sshd───sshd───bash───passwd └─udevd───2*[udevd] |
#htop
|
# Mem[|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 107/495MB] Load average: 0.05 0.05 0.05
top - 14:26:38 up 4 days, 17:01, 3 users, load average: 0.10, 0.06, 0.05 Tasks: 65 total, 1 running, 64 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 9.0 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 90.5 id, 0.2 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.2 st KiB Mem: 507368 total, 366356 used, 141012 free, 133760 buffers KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 used, 0 free, 123144 cached 1,I Toggle SMP view: '1' single/separate states; 'I' Irix/Solaris mode PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2981 root 20 0 49868 12m 1676 S 9.0 2.5 6:17.24 l3-agent 15222 root 20 0 71288 3688 2888 S 0.1 0.7 0:00.22 sshd 1 root 20 0 10648 836 696 S 0.0 0.2 0:07.67 init ... 14847 root 20 0 21376 1004 500 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 udevd 14884 root 20 0 21260 992 488 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 udevd 14888 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0 15224 root 20 0 22000 2596 1628 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.04 bash 15269 root 20 0 18164 840 688 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.03 script 15300 root 20 0 18168 460 300 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.17 script 15301 root 20 0 21660 2340 1696 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.43 l3script 15546 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 jbd2/xvdb1-8 15547 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 15569 root 20 0 71380 3720 2824 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 sshd |
#htop
|
# Mem[|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 107/495MB] Load average: 0.05 0.07 0.06
init─┬─acpid ├─cron ├─exim4 ├─6*[getty] ├─2*[l3-agent] ├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}] ├─sshd─┬─sshd───bash───script───script───l3script───pstree │ ├─sshd───sshd───bash───script───script───l3script │ └─sshd───sshd───bash └─udevd───2*[udevd] |
#ps -o "%p %P %u %U %y %a" -U ivan
PID PPID RUSER USER TTY COMMAND 15849 15847 ivan ivan ? sshd: ivan@pts/0 15850 15849 ivan ivan pts/0 -bash |
#fuser -v ~ivan/files
|
#ls -a ~ivan/
. .bash_history .bashrc errors .files.swp .profile test.sh who .. .bash_logout d1 files MY .ssh .viminfo |
#fuser -v ~ivan/files.swp
Specified filename /home/ivan/files.swp does not exist. |
#fuser -v ~ivan/.files.swp
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND /home/ivan/.files.swp: ivan 16246 F.... vi |
#tty
/dev/pts/5 |
#kill -l
1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP 6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1 11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM 16) SIGSTKFLT 17) SIGCHLD 18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP 20) SIGTSTP 21) SIGTTIN 22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG 24) SIGXCPU 25) SIGXFSZ 26) SIGVTALRM 27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH 29) SIGIO 30) SIGPWR 31) SIGSYS 34) SIGRTMIN 35) SIGRTMIN+1 36) SIGRTMIN+2 37) SIGRTMIN+3 38) SIGRTMIN+4 39) SIGRTMIN+5 40) SIGRTMIN+6 41) SIGRTMIN+7 42) SIGRTMIN+8 43) SIGRTMIN+9 44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+12 47) SIGRTMIN+13 48) SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-13 52) SIGRTMAX-12 53) SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9 56) SIGRTMAX-8 57) SIGRTMAX-7 58) SIGRTMAX-6 59) SIGRTMAX-5 60) SIGRTMAX-4 61) SIGRTMAX-3 62) SIGRTMAX-2 63) SIGRTMAX-1 64) SIGRTMAX |
#echo $$
15301 |
#kill `echo $$`
|
#echo$!
|
#echo $!
|
#echo $@
|
#echo $PATH data/
lost+found/ whoami |
#echo $PATH data/
lost+found/ whoami |
#echo $PATH data/
lost+found/ whoami |
#echo $PATH data/
lost+found/ whoami |
#echo $PATH data/
lost+found/ whoami |
#echo $PATH data/
lost+found/ whoami |
#netstat -tan
Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.13.2:22 192.168.15.120:49750 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 448 192.168.13.2:22 192.168.15.120:49734 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.13.2:22 192.168.15.120:49842 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.13.253 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#netstat -tan
Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.13.2:22 192.168.15.120:49750 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.13.2:57050 5.9.243.178:18030 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 448 192.168.13.2:22 192.168.15.120:49734 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.13.2:22 192.168.15.120:49842 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN |
#vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
--- /tmp/l3-saved-15301.31180.30806 2018-10-19 15:03:53.335731727 +0300 +++ /etc/ssh/sshd_config 2018-10-19 15:05:34.283751154 +0300 @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to -#ListenAddress :: +ListenAddress 192.168.13.2 #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 |
#ls /var/run
acpid.pid crond.pid exim4 initramfs motd.dynamic network screen shm sshd.pid utmp acpid.socket crond.reboot initctl lock mount rsyslogd.pid sendsigs.omit.d sshd udev |
#cat /var/run/sshd.pid
2243 |
#sleep 1000 &
[1] 16428 |
#ps l
F UID PID PPID PRI NI VSZ RSS WCHAN STAT TTY TIME COMMAND 4 0 2297 1 20 0 18368 972 - Ss+ tty1 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty1 4 0 2298 1 20 0 18368 968 - Ss+ tty2 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty2 4 0 2299 1 20 0 18368 968 - Ss+ tty3 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty3 4 0 2300 1 20 0 18368 968 - Ss+ tty4 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty4 4 0 2301 1 20 0 18368 972 - Ss+ tty5 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty5 4 0 2302 1 20 0 18368 972 - Ss+ tty6 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty6 4 0 15224 15222 20 0 22000 2596 - Ss+ pts/5 0:00 -bash 0 0 15269 15224 20 0 18164 840 - S+ pts/5 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /root/.lilalo//22849259 1 0 15300 15269 20 0 18168 460 - S+ pts/5 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /root/.lilalo//22849259 0 0 15301 15300 20 0 21684 2408 - Ss pts/6 0:00 l3script 0 0 16428 15301 20 0 7708 320 - S pts/6 0:00 sleep 1000 4 0 16436 15301 20 0 10536 840 - R+ pts/6 0:00 ps l |
#ps lx
F UID PID PPID PRI NI VSZ RSS WCHAN STAT TTY TIME COMMAND 4 0 1 0 20 0 10648 836 - Ss ? 0:07 init [2] 1 0 2 0 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [kthreadd] 1 0 3 2 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:01 [ksoftirqd/0] 1 0 5 2 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [kworker/u:0] 1 0 6 2 -100 - 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [migration/0] 5 0 7 2 -100 - 0 0 - S ? 0:03 [watchdog/0] 1 0 8 2 0 -20 0 0 - S< ? 0:00 [cpuset] 1 0 9 2 0 -20 0 0 - S< ? 0:00 [khelper] 5 0 10 2 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [kdevtmpfs] ... 0 0 15269 15224 20 0 18164 840 - S+ pts/5 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /root/.lilalo//22849259 1 0 15300 15269 20 0 18168 460 - S+ pts/5 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /root/.lilalo//22849259 0 0 15301 15300 20 0 21684 2408 - Ss pts/6 0:00 l3script 1 0 15546 2 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [jbd2/xvdb1-8] 1 0 15547 2 0 -20 0 0 - S< ? 0:00 [ext4-dio-unwrit] 4 0 15569 1 20 0 71380 3720 - Ss ? 0:00 sshd: user [priv] 4 0 15847 1 20 0 71288 3604 - Ss ? 0:00 sshd: ivan [priv] 5 0 16414 1 20 0 49932 1208 - Ss ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd 0 0 16428 15301 20 0 7708 320 - S pts/6 0:00 sleep 1000 4 0 16444 15301 20 0 10536 844 - R+ pts/6 0:00 ps lx |
#ps ax
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 ? Ss 0:07 init [2] 2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd] 3 ? S 0:01 [ksoftirqd/0] 5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0] 6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0] 7 ? S 0:03 [watchdog/0] 8 ? S< 0:00 [cpuset] 9 ? S< 0:00 [khelper] 10 ? S 0:00 [kdevtmpfs] ... 15617 pts/7 S+ 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /home/user/.lilalo//496327103211239447-1539940693.script 15688 pts/7 S+ 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /home/user/.lilalo//496327103211239447-1539940693.script 15689 pts/8 Ss+ 0:00 l3script 15847 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: ivan [priv] 15849 ? S 0:00 sshd: ivan@pts/0 15850 pts/0 Ss 0:00 -bash 16246 pts/0 S+ 0:00 vi files 16414 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd 16428 pts/6 S 0:00 sleep 1000 16452 pts/6 R+ 0:00 ps ax |
#ps lax
F UID PID PPID PRI NI VSZ RSS WCHAN STAT TTY TIME COMMAND 4 0 1 0 20 0 10648 836 - Ss ? 0:07 init [2] 1 0 2 0 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [kthreadd] 1 0 3 2 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:01 [ksoftirqd/0] 1 0 5 2 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [kworker/u:0] 1 0 6 2 -100 - 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [migration/0] 5 0 7 2 -100 - 0 0 - S ? 0:03 [watchdog/0] 1 0 8 2 0 -20 0 0 - S< ? 0:00 [cpuset] 1 0 9 2 0 -20 0 0 - S< ? 0:00 [khelper] 5 0 10 2 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [kdevtmpfs] ... 0 1000 15617 15572 20 0 18164 836 - S+ pts/7 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /home/user/.lilalo//496 1 1000 15688 15617 20 0 18168 460 - S+ pts/7 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /home/user/.lilalo//496 0 1000 15689 15688 20 0 22276 3048 - Ss+ pts/8 0:00 l3script 4 0 15847 1 20 0 71288 3604 - Ss ? 0:00 sshd: ivan [priv] 5 1001 15849 15847 20 0 71288 1876 - S ? 0:00 sshd: ivan@pts/0 0 1001 15850 15849 20 0 22584 3368 - Ss pts/0 0:00 -bash 0 1001 16246 15850 20 0 33940 3044 - S+ pts/0 0:00 vi files 5 0 16414 1 20 0 49932 1208 - Ss ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd 0 0 16428 15301 20 0 7708 320 - S pts/6 0:00 sleep 1000 4 0 16460 15301 20 0 10536 840 - R+ pts/6 0:00 ps lax |
#ps la
F UID PID PPID PRI NI VSZ RSS WCHAN STAT TTY TIME COMMAND 4 0 2297 1 20 0 18368 972 - Ss+ tty1 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty1 4 0 2298 1 20 0 18368 968 - Ss+ tty2 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty2 4 0 2299 1 20 0 18368 968 - Ss+ tty3 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty3 4 0 2300 1 20 0 18368 968 - Ss+ tty4 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty4 4 0 2301 1 20 0 18368 972 - Ss+ tty5 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty5 4 0 2302 1 20 0 18368 972 - Ss+ tty6 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty6 4 0 15224 15222 20 0 22000 2596 - Ss+ pts/5 0:00 -bash 0 0 15269 15224 20 0 18164 840 - S+ pts/5 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /root/.lilalo//22849259 1 0 15300 15269 20 0 18168 460 - S+ pts/5 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /root/.lilalo//22849259 0 0 15301 15300 20 0 21684 2408 - Ss pts/6 0:00 l3script 0 1000 15572 15571 20 0 21992 2588 - Ss+ pts/7 0:00 -bash 0 1000 15617 15572 20 0 18164 836 - S+ pts/7 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /home/user/.lilalo//496 1 1000 15688 15617 20 0 18168 460 - S+ pts/7 0:00 script -f -c l3script -q /home/user/.lilalo//496 0 1000 15689 15688 20 0 22276 3048 - Ss+ pts/8 0:00 l3script 0 1001 15850 15849 20 0 22584 3368 - Ss pts/0 0:00 -bash 0 1001 16246 15850 20 0 33940 3044 - S+ pts/0 0:00 vi files 0 0 16428 15301 20 0 7708 320 - S pts/6 0:00 sleep 1000 4 0 16468 15301 20 0 10536 836 - R+ pts/6 0:00 ps la |
#renice -5 `pidof sleep`
16428 (process ID) old priority 0, new priority -5 |
#htop
|
# Mem[|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 108/495MB] Load average: 0.07 0.03 0.05
[1]+ Done sleep 1000 |
#~user/bi
bigfile bin/ |
#~user/bi
bigfile bin/ |
#~user/bi
bigfile bin/ |
#~user/bigfile
/home/user/bigfile: line 55: LockFile: command not found /home/user/bigfile: line 62: PidFile: command not found /home/user/bigfile: line 67: Timeout: command not found /home/user/bigfile: line 73: KeepAlive: command not found /home/user/bigfile: line 80: MaxKeepAliveRequests: command not found /home/user/bigfile: line 86: KeepAliveTimeout: command not found /home/user/bigfile: line 98: syntax error near unexpected token `newline' /home/user/bigfile: line 98: `<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>' |
#cat ~user/bigfile
# # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure ... LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include sites-enabled/ |
#ssh 192.168.13.3
ssh: connect to host 192.168.13.3 port 22: Connection refused |
#ssh 192.168.13.3@root
ssh: Could not resolve hostname root: Name or service not known |
#ssh -l root 192.168.13.3
ssh: connect to host 192.168.13.3 port 22: Connection refused |
#vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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#vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
|
#ssh 192.168.13.4
root@192.168.13.4's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@192.168.13.4's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@192.168.13.4's password: Permission denied (publickey,password). |
2243
# # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "/etc/apache2" will be interpreted by the # server as "/etc/apache2/foo.log". # ### Section 1: Global Environment # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # #ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # LockFile ${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/accept.lock # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 15 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # worker MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadLimit: ThreadsPerChild can be changed to this maximum value during a # graceful restart. ThreadLimit can only be changed by stopping # and starting Apache. # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # event MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn # Include module configuration: Include mods-enabled/*.load Include mods-enabled/*.conf # Include all the user configurations: Include httpd.conf # Include ports listing Include ports.conf # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i # LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include sites-enabled/
Время первой команды журнала | 08:42:51 2018-10-19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 11:17:25 2018-10-20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 13.86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 1.98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 3.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008