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Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Понедельник (10/20/14)

/dev/pts/0
13:43:02
#ls
1.txt  2.txt  3.txt  d1  d2  install  student_con
13:43:21
#tree
.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f1
│   └── f2
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── install
└── student_con
3 directories, 8 files
13:43:23
#cp d2/f2 /opt/f3










13:43:59




#tree /opt


/opt
├── 4.txt
├── f3
└── pipe
0 directories, 3 files











13:44:07




#cp -v  d2/f2 /opt/f3


«d2/f2» -> «/opt/f3»











13:44:54




#ls /opt


4.txt  f3  pipe











13:45:02




#cp -v d2 /opt





cp: пропускается каталог «d2»











13:45:29




#cp -rv d2 /opt


«d2» -> «/opt/d2»
«d2/f2» -> «/opt/d2/f2»
«d2/d3» -> «/opt/d2/d3»











13:46:09




#tree


.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f1
│   └── f2
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── install
└── student_con
3 directories, 8 files











13:48:44




#mv d1/f1 d1/f3












13:49:17




#tree


.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f2
│   └── f3
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── install
└── student_con
3 directories, 8 files











13:49:20




#mv d1/f{3,1}












13:51:08




#tree


.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f1
│   └── f2
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── install
└── student_con
3 directories, 8 files











13:51:11




#touch f{1,2,3,4,5}












13:51:37




#tree


.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f1
│   └── f2
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── f1
├── f2
├── f3
├── f4
├── f5
├── install
└── student_con
3 directories, 13 files











13:51:40




#mkdir d3












13:52:16




#echo f[1-5] d3


f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 d3











13:55:46




#mv f10





mv: после «f10» пропущен операнд, задающий целевой файл
Попробуйте «mv --help» для получения более подробного описания.











13:59:44




#touch f10












13:59:51




#echo f[1-10]


f1











14:00:02




#echo f[!257]


f1 f3 f4











14:03:01




#tree


.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f1
│   └── f2
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── d3
├── f1
├── f10
├── f2
├── f3
├── f4
├── f5
├── install
└── student_con
4 directories, 14 files











14:03:07




#mv -v f[1-5] d3


«f1» -> «d3/f1»
«f2» -> «d3/f2»
«f3» -> «d3/f3»
«f4» -> «d3/f4»
«f5» -> «d3/f5»











14:04:01




#tree


.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f1
│   └── f2
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── d3
│   ├── f1
│   ├── f2
│   ├── f3
│   ├── f4
│   └── f5
├── f10
├── install
└── student_con
4 directories, 14 files











14:04:10




#alias --help





l3script: alias: --: неправильная опция
alias: usage: alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]











14:05:03




#man a;ias





Нет справочной страницы для a
l3script: ias: команда не найдена











14:05:10




#man alias













14:05:18




#rm f??












14:05:52




#tree


.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f1
│   └── f2
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── d3
│   ├── f1
│   ├── f2
│   ├── f3
│   ├── f4
│   └── f5
├── install
└── student_con
4 directories, 13 files











14:05:54




#rm -r d3












14:06:40




#tree


.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
├── d1
│   ├── f1
│   └── f2
├── d2
│   ├── d3
│   └── f2
├── install
└── student_con
3 directories, 8 files











14:06:43




#which tree


/usr/bin/tree











14:09:41




#which shred


/usr/bin/shred











14:10:16




#cat privet.txt





cat: privet.txt: Нет такого файла или каталога











14:10:45




#which privet.txt















14:10:55




#grep privet.txt





^C











14:11:09




#grep 'privet.txt'





^C











14:11:23




#grep -nr 'privet.txt'












14:11:30




#^C















14:11:39




#echo privet > privet.txt












14:12:04




#ls


1.txt  2.txt  3.txt  d1  d2  install  privet.txt  student_con











14:12:06




#shred -v  privet.txt


shred: privet.txt: проход 1/3 (random)…
shred: privet.txt: проход 2/3 (random)…
shred: privet.txt: проход 3/3 (random)…











14:12:20




#cat privet.txt


;áˆD'þxI¾K®
*?b¾Øú;{`h™kMɟ *b@²Ç´õ;kºü|·õQ5ù8Û¾—à³á°F…è¡ñ­í×ad2°7dú‹m6ýg¬>±<`öÙ3­D·ôºÈ„¾a{¢9ðEí©Ñu}‰'ê‘èTx†þM/6­³6™/åõFêšÊy¡7ôùFŽ†OàoK:F´(ëŤߣ½Ó«Ò5dÒIí­QªøŽÚõ ø݉ìµ;o—Òë†NTjG&0®17Ãþ  Å=Áõ{‚n4µ$ñ£Ìö´ìeqm¡ð<B
8ë3RÈ÷v•)}}3¾'à‚6̅0ÖíëY»"y¥àOÕjñدPú¸Rx¯'e‘€„Ž]èèm
          Ÿ§å³øsªE"{–ê‚Jõ³®–Å­ŸÚ+3t
                                    ½Vò-©-2%¥%"ãtñÿYÑêaÝî?stV^b5Î#'èòq¬k        §â°ÞOôÅ@
4Ì딦¤€¾lKJàd^
              ƒ~üÛÃûÿV05 ¥vrw„©Rxðnö;B%aŽ%2Z1ã¾xøùÏ~*¡£-3‡Z¤Hã©è˜Í!«$BEJ<½.+ÀwÙ猷ËÐôÞ1ˆq䢃\W㆖@<‚}Ù0]òÄŸur±%ic¥SÊåÜæüðû?–FûÚÎË^À@p¬ÈΏÂ<¢ncðw-œwÐÿKQ¨bUpž¶æÕN~‚s«´
                                                                                                                                                                        MÛ[öZ¼Âø@¼3,H„«Q 9%uއõЙt±|gfã’ø}
>Ö¢ÜP½÷TkDsokŠ®'­­:ÊßgfÇ´ÇÆW.¸ðqª÷Ö±>a‹‹¢e‚7                                                                                                                                                               󮥂`Éû¶wÓ
                                            Ðrt å«thjß=q¼·ÁÚúÓ¿•zö?0h÷Nÿý7ydÀšÁcЂ‡Â0%ì¢;<ОL3GúÀõ$ÍØuçÿý„¸D> åea¬Hu                                                                                                  PdË:Ôu€w@MÕþ[9¨À«¤ZèiV>cr0Gít‚½!Ãuñ+%è•É°1™¼‚Z³»xÍb5õÕ¨±_üH†W÷ªëÙjëHGyÙØ,(?×N{ÔRßí‘ûƒ8ó)«£¥DïςeöÑö¡æšˆ’êMò O¶(’9rU
...
|¢ñð§ŠÖ3.ÇkF6lùޞ2ûFäæü¥žôäLô—
                              $B        ƒ|1²+)çùšE1Jí½Ì
ÇÀ¶eSê}+l"µ·´]AÈv_ÃþM2ua<8J䍺ѱëJÃç=¿`1Ý2Ç_º¬ùô;YMÅGRg¿(ñ~<ÁŠ¿¶£»ÚKaKÝúm̈åûð_Ös¿î÷¨˜-py°Önñ|UJnLßbã]æÅ)½<4˜ƒ¼ø—Ü Lþ58@FŒê÷`ؐeëòô¤¶"«v~¾5°ÐP1¾Í4Æ[y.f9¬öö‘Þ‹„Wõ4¸3À3÷>¿{nŸˆ˜¹{<ÍÙE°‘”»§?ìIô8ƒ“DF@GY«Wt%8Õ@ɀÀE] 6çQõ*‰¢§½õz(
                                                                                         ì流—æ¤0Fuv‰·Ñj?wRʸ¤Y2        ·X                                                                                                       ‰«`”s²ÿ¯cìÜsó]بﱐGó™I»Ò'QÚk˜³]ËWiR5L%՘ùúV™¸µŒÝ¶¼Â3‘¸ãT<LäÆÎP€„#¯6ÈÅ+V‘
$t*¦§¹ñSË-Ï;Ƃö@?¦'lØÀ*ұҟ0ŒŸÈ[s                                                                                         ‹c§¥Œôy¯\Üˆå  t                                                                                                                                                                  +|           PuTTYPuTTYPuTTY¬¬ë°£û™óâé"[~`‰)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        H„ó)Š‚2>aí]s<¬Â¯{{{eqÍ|ÔäNi    r¹=L̅Tàc[ÐRéƒEm0D¼c@bªõ
Cí£áf>rŽ&´îg&Ç$Ixhêå${IÛWxÂhÇ/<ôâÿḮûp¡Ò¬:QŒ´µåõDQkM
                                                    ÞdÿÿÌÍtÃ5M©,Fpљs˜˜ÿã×ȯïj½ešÚŠë´tHø½”¿0MwÀíS„­°qRö°ä·8}8VÆêÞ÷¶Õ
w°"Ì>üöñêú{ÛïFîÏ®fՁ1ºÜù|7è7IÏvõ®Ÿ¹ìðÝ]•ûH's…]Ӊ}~„î´1o®Þv{:¦Ã˜DÐa’Ûõl«ëðx~hW°õÙ²ûvCæúAy&
PuTTYa]GìÑ.æÂÁ—WîýŸù—3Œ|ŠÚÈ'MV~ú™é      Ž€¦9&wÎá䪭p











14:13:02




#ls -lh


итого 28K
-rw-r--r-- 3 root root     42 Окт 20 11:57 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 3 root root     42 Окт 20 11:57 2.txt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     11 Окт 20 12:03 3.txt -> /root/1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4,0K Окт 20 14:51 d1
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   4,0K Окт 20 14:42 d2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   5,2K Окт 13 18:01 install
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   4,0K Окт 20 15:12 privet.txt
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 136, 3 Окт 20 13:40 student_con











14:13:50




#shred --help


Использование: shred [КÐ
€Ð°Ð· указанные файлы для того, чтобы сделать более
сложным восстановление даже с использованием очень дорогого оборудования.
Аргументы, обязательные для длинных ключей, обязательны и для коротких.
  -f, --force         изменять права, разрешая запись, если необходимо
  -n, --iterations=N  переписать N раз вместо (3) по умолчанию
      --random-source=ФАЙÐ
                           (по умолчанию /dev/urandom)
  -s, --size=N        очистить N байт (возможны суффиксы вида K, M, G)
  -u, --remove        обрезать и удалять файл после перезаписи
...
конкретной файловой системы в файле /etc/fstab, как документировано в
странице man для mount (man mount).
Кроме того, резервные копии и удаленные зеркала файловой системы могут
содержать копии файла, которые нельзя удалить, и которые позволят
впоследствии восстановить уничтоженный файл.
Об ошибках в shred сообщайте по адресу bug-coreutils@gnu.org.
Домашняя страница GNU coreutils: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Справка по работе с программами GNU: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Об ошибках в переводе сообщений «shred» сообщайте по адресу <gnu@mx.ru>
Полная документация доступна по команде: info coreutils 'shred invocation'











14:14:51




#^C















14:15:01




#shred -u privet.txt












14:15:10




#ls


1.txt  2.txt  3.txt  d1  d2  install  student_con











14:15:56




#man less










14:18:01




#less /var/log/messages










14:19:07




#less /usr/share/d













14:19:07




#cd /usr/share












14:20:07




#ls


acpi-support     bug               debianutils  grub                 lintian      perl            screen     vim
adduser          ca-certificates   dict         i18n                 locale       perl5           sgml       w3m
applications     calendar          discover     info                 man          pixmaps         sgml-base  X11
apport           common-licenses   doc          initramfs-tools      man-db       pkgconfig       ssh        xml
apps             console-cyrillic  doc-base     insserv              menu         pyshared        sysvinit   xml-core
aptitude         consolefonts      dpkg         installation-report  misc         python          sysv-rc    zoneinfo
base-files       console-setup     file         iptables             nano         python-apt      tabset
base-passwd      consoletrans      GeoIP        java                 os-prober    python-support  tasksel
bash-completion  debconf           gnupg        keyrings             pam          readline        terminfo
binfmts          debhelper         groff        libc-bin             pam-configs  reportbug       tools











14:20:10




#cd /usr/share/doc/bash












14:20:52




#zcat NEWS.gz


This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.2 since
the release of bash-4.1.  As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
the place to look for complete descriptions.
1.  New Features in Bash
a.  `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a
    leading #!.
b.  Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or
    builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is
    specified.  This allows $(trap) to display the caller's traps and the
    trap strings to persist until a new trap is set.
...
    appear in the prompt string.
e.  There are new library functions and variables available to application
    writers, most having to do with completion and quoting.
f.  The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the
    incremental search functions.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is,
without any warranty.











14:21:31




#zcat NEWS.gz | less










14:25:29




#zcat NEWS.gz | head


This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.2 since
the release of bash-4.1.  As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
the place to look for complete descriptions.
1.  New Features in Bash
a.  `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a
    leading #!.
b.  Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or











14:27:07




#zcat NEWS.gz | head -4


This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.2 since
the release of bash-4.1.  As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
the place to look for complete descriptions.











14:27:56




#zcat NEWS.gz | tail -20


    preparation functions.
c.  Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or
    removed.
d.  Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems
    with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters
    appear in the prompt string.
e.  There are new library functions and variables available to application
    writers, most having to do with completion and quoting.
f.  The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the
    incremental search functions.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is,
without any warranty.











14:28:06




#zcat NEWS.gz | nl | tail -20


  1129      preparation functions.
  1130  c.  Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or
  1131      removed.
  1132  d.  Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems
  1133      with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters
  1134      appear in the prompt string.
  1135  e.  There are new library functions and variables available to application
  1136      writers, most having to do with completion and quoting.
  1137  f.  The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the
  1138      incremental search functions.
  1139  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1140  Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
  1141  are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
  1142