Журнал лабораторных работ

1

test: test [expr]
    Evaluate conditional expression.
    Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on
    the evaluation of EXPR.  Expressions may be unary or binary.  Unary
    expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.  There
    are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
    The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments.  Read the
    bash manual page for the complete specification.
    File operators:
      -a FILE        True if file exists.
...
      arg1 OP arg2   Arithmetic tests.  OP is one of -eq, -ne,
                     -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.
    Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,
    less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal
    than ARG2.
    See the bash manual page bash(1) for the handling of parameters (i.e.
    missing parameters).
    Exit Status:
    Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to
    false or an invalid argument is given.

test: test [expr]
    Evaluate conditional expression.
    Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on
    the evaluation of EXPR.  Expressions may be unary or binary.  Unary
    expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.  There
    are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
    The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments.  Read the
    bash manual page for the complete specification.
    File operators:
      -a FILE        True if file exists.
...
      arg1 OP arg2   Arithmetic tests.  OP is one of -eq, -ne,
                     -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.
    Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,
    less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal
    than ARG2.
    See the bash manual page bash(1) for the handling of parameters (i.e.
    missing parameters).
    Exit Status:
    Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to
    false or an invalid argument is given.

install  install.back  [:lower:][:upper:]

итого 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5222 Сен 29 16:20 install
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5222 Сен 29 16:26 install.back
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  236 Сен 29 15:21 [:lower:][:upper:]

0

1

1

GNU bash, version 4.2.37(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
These shell commands are defined internally.  Type `help' to see this list.
Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.
Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.
A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
 job_spec [&]                            history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist>
 (( expression ))                        if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C>
 . filename [arguments]                  jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs >
 :                                       kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs>
...
 export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex>  typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=va>
 false                                   ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit>
 fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o>  umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
 fg [job_spec]                           unalias [-a] name [name ...]
 for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND>  unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]
 for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN>  until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
 function name { COMMANDS ; } or name >  variables - Names and meanings of so>
 getopts optstring name [arg]            wait [id]
 hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name >  while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
 help [-dms] [pattern ...]               { COMMANDS ; }

cd: cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]
    Change the shell working directory.
    Change the current directory to DIR.  The default DIR is the value of the
    HOME shell variable.
    The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing
    DIR.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).
    A null directory name is the same as the current directory.  If DIR begins
    with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.
    If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,
    the word is assumed to be  a variable name.  If that variable has a value,
    its value is used for DIR.
    Options:
        -L      force symbolic links to be followed
        -P      use the physical directory structure without following symbolic
        links
        -e      if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory
        cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status
    The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.
    Exit Status:
    Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
    -P is used; non-zero otherwise.

GNU bash, version 4.2.37(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
These shell commands are defined internally.  Type `help' to see this list.
Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.
Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.
A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
 job_spec [&]                            history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist>
 (( expression ))                        if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C>
 . filename [arguments]                  jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs >
 :                                       kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs>
...
 export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex>  typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=va>
 false                                   ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit>
 fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o>  umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
 fg [job_spec]                           unalias [-a] name [name ...]
 for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND>  unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]
 for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN>  until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
 function name { COMMANDS ; } or name >  variables - Names and meanings of so>
 getopts optstring name [arg]            wait [id]
 hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name >  while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
 help [-dms] [pattern ...]               { COMMANDS ; }

/usr/bin/who

/bin/kill

/bin/pwd

/root

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Июн 27  2014 /var/spool/

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Июн 27  2014 /var/spool/mail -> ../mail

drwxrwsr-x 2 root mail 4096 Сен 29 11:25 /var/mail

/var/spool/mail

/var/mail

/var/mail

/var/mail

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

итого 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5222 Сен 29 16:20 install
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 5222 Сен 29 16:26 install.back
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  236 Сен 29 15:21 [:lower:][:upper:]

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/root

--- /tmp/l3-saved-16895.23632.8697	2015-09-30 10:59:31.702528052 +0300
+++ privet.sh	2015-09-30 11:00:43.350496957 +0300
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Privet ${1}!"
+

--- /tmp/l3-saved-16895.30626.27016	2015-09-30 11:01:31.638474661 +0300
+++ /etc/profile	2015-09-30 11:02:46.630470202 +0300
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).
 
 if [ "`id -u`" -eq 0 ]; then
-  PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
+  PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/root"
 else
   PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games"
 fi

 23     fi
 24   fi
 25 fi
 26
 27 # The default umask is now handled by pam_umask.
 28 # See pam_umask(8) and /etc/login.defs.
 29
 30 if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
 31   for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
 32     if [ -r $i ]; then
 33       . $i
 34     fi
 35   done
 36   unset i
 37 fi
 38
 39 HISTSIZE=2500
 40 HISTFILESIZE=2500
 41
 42 export HISTSIZE HISTFILESIZE                               42,1        Внизу

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/root

итого 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5222 Сен 29 16:20 install
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5222 Сен 29 16:26 install.back
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  236 Сен 29 15:21 [:lower:][:upper:]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   34 Сен 30 11:00 privet.sh

итого 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5222 Сен 29 16:20 install
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5222 Сен 29 16:26 install.back
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  236 Сен 29 15:21 [:lower:][:upper:]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   34 Сен 30 11:00 privet.sh

#~

init/            initramfs-tools/ insserv.conf.d/
init.d/          insserv/

acpid                   hwclock.sh             mtab.sh         sendsigs
bootlogs                kbd                    netdiag         single
bootmisc.sh             keyboard-setup         networking      skeleton
checkfs.sh              killprocs              procps          ssh
checkroot-bootclean.sh  kmod                   rc              udev
checkroot.sh            motd                   rc.local        udev-mtab
console-cyrillic        mountall-bootclean.sh  rcS             umountfs
console-setup           mountall.sh            README          umountnfs.sh
cron                    mountdevsubfs.sh       reboot          umountroot
exim4                   mountkernfs.sh         rmnologin       urandom
halt                    mountnfs-bootclean.sh  rsyslog
hostname.sh             mountnfs.sh            screen-cleanup

[ ok ] Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd.

--- /tmp/l3-saved-18113.14658.18375	2015-09-30 11:18:47.682468617 +0300
+++ test.sh	2015-09-30 11:19:03.842499729 +0300
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
 	do
 		echo -n " $i"
 		sleep ${1:-1}
-		i=$[$I+1]
+		i=$[$i+1]
 	done 
 echo

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

 1 2 3 4 5

 1 2 3 4 5

--- /tmp/l3-saved-18113.13895.29786	2015-09-30 11:22:11.438490716 +0300
+++ test.sh	2015-09-30 11:23:08.758495685 +0300
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+echo "You enter $# parameters"
 declare -i i=1
 
 while [ $i -le ${2:-10} ] 

You enter 0 parameters
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

You enter 2 parameters
 1

You enter 3 parameters
 1

You enter 2 parameters
 1 2

/etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh
...
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh
libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh
Debian-exim:x:101:103::/var/spool/exim4:/bin/false
user:x:1000:1000:user,,,:/home/user:/bin/bash
sshd:x:102:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
ivan:x:1001:1001::/home/ivan:/bin/bash
petr:x:1002:1002::/home/petr:/bin/bash

Использование: useradd [параметры] ПОÐ
seradd -D
               useradd -D [параметры]
Параметры:
  -b, --base-dir БАЗ_КАТ        базовый каталог для домашнего каталога новой
                                учётной записи
  -c, --comment КОММЕНТАРИЙ     поле GECOS новой учётной записи
  -d, --home-dir ДОМ_КАТ        домашний каталог новой учётной записи
  -D, --defaults                показать или изменить настройки
                                по умолчанию для useradd
...
  -p, --password ПАРОЇётной записи
  -r, --system                  создать системную учётную запись
  -R, --root КАТ_CHROOT         каталог, в который выполняется chroot
  -s, --shell ОБОРновой
                                учётной записи
  -u, --uid UID                 пользовательский ID новой учётной записи
  -U, --user-group              создать группу с тем же именем что и у
                                пользователя
  -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER     использовать указанного SEUSER для
                                пользовательского сопоставления SELinux

root:x:0:
daemon:x:1:
bin:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mail:x:8:
news:x:9:
...
games:x:60:
users:x:100:
nogroup:x:65534:
libuuid:x:101:
crontab:x:102:
Debian-exim:x:103:
ssh:x:104:
user:x:1000:
ivan:x:1001:
petr:x:1002:

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh
...
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh
libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh
Debian-exim:x:101:103::/var/spool/exim4:/bin/false
user:x:1000:1000:user,,,:/home/user:/bin/bash
sshd:x:102:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
ivan:x:1001:1001::/home/ivan:/bin/bash
petr:x:1002:1002::/home/petr:/bin/bash
test:x:1003:100::/home/test:/bin/sh

uid=1003(test) gid=100(users) группы=100(users)

Чтение списков пакетов… Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии… Готово
НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены:
  sudo
обновлено 0, установлено 1 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 66 пакетов не обновлено.
Необходимо скачать 847 kБ архивов.
После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 1 885 kB.
Получено:1 http://ftp.ua.debian.org/debian/ wheezy/main sudo amd64 1.8.5p2-1+nmu3 [847 kB]
Получено 847 kБ за 0с (1 405 kБ/c)
Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета sudo.
(Чтение базы данных … на данный момент установлен 30081 файл и каталог.)
Распаковывается пакет sudo (из файла …/sudo_1.8.5p2-1+nmu3_amd64.deb) …
Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db …
Настраивается пакет sudo (1.8.5p2-1+nmu3) …

Изменение информации о пользователе ivan
Введите новое значение или нажмите ENTER для выбора значения по умолчанию
        Полное имя []: Ivan Ivanov
        Номер комнаты []: 9D
        Рабочий телефон []: 101
        Домашний телефон []: 111-11-11
        Другое []: