/l3/users/bas/2011-03/linux2.unix.bas/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :29 :30 :31 :32 :33 :34 :35 :36 :37 :38 :39 :40 :41 :42 :43 :44 :45 :46 :47 |
|
#history > /tmp/history.txt
|
#less /tmp/history.txt
|
#cp /tmp/history.txt ~/Desktop/
|
#!h -s
history > /tmp/history.txt -s |
#history -c
|
#ls /boot/grub/menu.lst
/boot/grub/menu.lst |
#cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
# grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1 # initrd /boot/initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu password --md5 $1$BB.020$bfwltiexaoOH4Mq5RP3HL. title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img title Windows |
#cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
# grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1 # initrd /boot/initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu password --md5 $1$BB.020$bfwltiexaoOH4Mq5RP3HL. title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img title Windows |
#cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
# grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1 # initrd /boot/initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu password --md5 $1$BB.020$bfwltiexaoOH4Mq5RP3HL. title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img title Windows |
#man dig
|
#dig @alb.kz
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> @alb.kz ; (1 server found) ;; global options: printcmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached |
#man dig
|
#dig @www.alb.kz
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> @www.alb.kz ; (1 server found) ;; global options: printcmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached |
#dig www.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> www.ru ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 63454 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.ru. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.ru. 86400 IN A 194.87.0.50 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: www.ru. 86400 IN NS ns.demos.su. www.ru. 86400 IN NS ns1.demos.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.demos.su. 86400 IN A 194.87.0.8 ns.demos.su. 86400 IN A 194.87.0.9 ;; Query time: 287 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Sat Apr 2 10:28:39 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 124 |
#dig www.alb.kz
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> www.alb.kz ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37169 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.alb.kz. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.alb.kz. 259002 IN A 212.154.211.79 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: alb.kz. 112790 IN NS cnr1.online.kz. alb.kz. 112790 IN NS ns.alb.kz. alb.kz. 112790 IN NS cnr2.online.kz. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.alb.kz. 112790 IN A 212.19.133.100 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Sat Apr 2 10:28:59 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122 |
#dig www.alb.kz +no
Invalid option: +no Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt} {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [...]] Use "dig -h" (or "dig -h | more") for complete list of options |
#dig www.alb.kz +
;; Invalid option ; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> www.alb.kz + ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 48502 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.alb.kz. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.alb.kz. 258758 IN A 212.154.211.79 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: alb.kz. 112546 IN NS cnr2.online.kz. alb.kz. 112546 IN NS ns.alb.kz. alb.kz. 112546 IN NS cnr1.online.kz. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.alb.kz. 112546 IN A 212.19.133.100 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Sat Apr 2 10:33:03 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122 |
#dig +no www.alb.kz
Invalid option: +no Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt} {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [...]] Use "dig -h" (or "dig -h | more") for complete list of options |
#dig -h
Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt} {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [...]] Where: domain is in the Domain Name System q-class is one of (in,hs,ch,...) [default: in] q-type is one of (a,any,mx,ns,soa,hinfo,axfr,txt,...) [default:a] (Use ixfr=version for type ixfr) q-opt is one of: -x dot-notation (shortcut for reverse lookups) -i (use IP6.INT for IPv6 reverse lookups) ... +[no]qr (Print question before sending) +[no]nssearch (Search all authoritative nameservers) +[no]identify (ID responders in short answers) +[no]trace (Trace delegation down from root) +[no]dnssec (Request DNSSEC records) +[no]multiline (Print records in an expanded format) global d-opts and servers (before host name) affect all queries. local d-opts and servers (after host name) affect only that lookup. -h (print help and exit) -v (print version and exit) |
#dig +n www.alb.kz
Invalid option: +n Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt} {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [...]] Use "dig -h" (or "dig -h | more") for complete list of options |
#dig +[no] www.alb.kz
Invalid option: +[no] Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt} {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [...]] Use "dig -h" (or "dig -h | more") for complete list of options |
#dig +comment www.alb.kz
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> +comment www.alb.kz ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64188 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.alb.kz. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.alb.kz. 258505 IN A 212.154.211.79 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: alb.kz. 112293 IN NS cnr2.online.kz. alb.kz. 112293 IN NS ns.alb.kz. alb.kz. 112293 IN NS cnr1.online.kz. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.alb.kz. 112293 IN A 212.19.133.100 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Sat Apr 2 10:37:16 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122 |
#dig nocomment www.alb.kz
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> nocomment www.alb.kz ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 11333 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;nocomment. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10800 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2011040101 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 117 msec ... ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: alb.kz. 112272 IN NS ns.alb.kz. alb.kz. 112272 IN NS cnr1.online.kz. alb.kz. 112272 IN NS cnr2.online.kz. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.alb.kz. 112272 IN A 212.19.133.100 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Sat Apr 2 10:37:37 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122 |
#dig nocomment www.alb.kz
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> nocomment www.alb.kz ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 2397 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;nocomment. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10791 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2011040101 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 1 msec ... ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: alb.kz. 112263 IN NS cnr2.online.kz. alb.kz. 112263 IN NS ns.alb.kz. alb.kz. 112263 IN NS cnr1.online.kz. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.alb.kz. 112263 IN A 212.19.133.100 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Sat Apr 2 10:37:46 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122 |
#dig --no comment www.alb.kz
Invalid option: --no Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt} {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [...]] Use "dig -h" (or "dig -h | more") for complete list of options |
#dig --nocomment www.alb.kz
Invalid option: --nocomment Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt} {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [...]] Use "dig -h" (or "dig -h | more") for complete list of options |
#dig www.alb.kz +short
212.154.211.79 |
#dig www.alb.kz +no comment
Invalid option: +no Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt} {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} [...]] Use "dig -h" (or "dig -h | more") for complete list of options |
#dig www.alb.kz +nocomment
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> www.alb.kz +nocomment ;; global options: printcmd ;www.alb.kz. IN A www.alb.kz. 258076 IN A 212.154.211.79 alb.kz. 111864 IN NS ns.alb.kz. alb.kz. 111864 IN NS cnr1.online.kz. alb.kz. 111864 IN NS cnr2.online.kz. ns.alb.kz. 111864 IN A 212.19.133.100 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Sat Apr 2 10:44:26 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122 |
#qemu -cdrom /dev/cd
cdrom cdrw cdwriter cdrom-sr0 cdrw-sr0 cdwriter-sr0 |
#qemu -cdrom /dev/cdrom
|
#dd if=/dev/zero of=disk1.img count=4000 bs=1024k
1185+0 records in 1185+0 records out 1242562560 bytes (1.2 GB) copied, 2.54399 seconds, 488 MB/s |
#xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host |
#xhost -
access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect |
#ssh -X user@192.168.15.1 evolution
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_dsa': /usr/bin/xauth: creating new authority file /home/user/.Xauthority X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. (evolution:5171): evolution-shell-WARNING **: Cannot activate 'OAFIID:GNOME_Evolution_Exchange_Component:2.12': Child process did not give an error message, unknown failure occurred X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. calendar-gui-Message: launch_alarm_daemon_cb(): Child process did not give an error message, unknown failure occurred Killed by signal 2. |
#/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
open /dev/kvm: No such file or directory Could not initialize KVM, will disable KVM support QEMU PC emulator version 0.9.1 (kvm-83-maint-snapshot-20090205), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard usage: qemu [options] [disk_image] 'disk_image' is a raw hard image image for IDE hard disk 0 Standard options: -M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list) -cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list) -fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image -hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image ... -clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers are available use -clock ? -startdate select initial date of the clock -icount [N|auto] Enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per instruction During emulation, the following keys are useful: ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n' ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help. |
#yum search kvm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.space.kz * base: mirror.space.kz * extras: mirror.space.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.space.kz ========================================== Matched: kvm ========================================== etherboot-roms-kvm.x86_64 : Etherboot - boot roms supported by KVM, .rom format etherboot-zroms-kvm.x86_64 : Etherboot - boot roms supported by KVM, .zrom format kmod-kvm.x86_64 : kvm kernel module(s) kvm.x86_64 : Kernel-based Virtual Machine kvm-qemu-img.x86_64 : Qemu disk image utility kvm-tools.x86_64 : KVM debugging and diagnostics tools python-virtinst.noarch : Python modules and utilities for installing virtual machines virt-manager.x86_64 : Virtual Machine Manager |
#yum install kvm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.space.kz * base: mirror.space.kz * extras: mirror.space.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.space.kz Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ... Installing : kmod-kvm 8/9 Installing : kvm 9/9 Installed: kvm.x86_64 0:83-164.el5_5.25 Dependency Installed: celt051.x86_64 0:0.5.1.3-0.el5 etherboot-zroms-kvm.x86_64 0:5.4.4-13.el5.centos kmod-kvm.x86_64 0:83-164.el5_5.25 log4cpp.x86_64 0:1.0-9.el5 qcairo.x86_64 0:1.8.7.1-3.el5 qffmpeg-libs.x86_64 0:0.4.9-0.16.20080908.el5_5 qpixman.x86_64 0:0.13.3-4.el5 qspice-libs.x86_64 0:0.3.0-54.el5_5.2 Complete! |
#qemu
qemu qemu-mips qemu-sparc64 qemu-system-ppc64 qemu-alpha qemu-mipsel qemu-system-arm qemu-system-ppcemb qemu-arm qemu-nbd qemu-system-cris qemu-system-sh4 qemu-armeb qemu-ppc qemu-system-m68k qemu-system-sh4eb qemu-cris qemu-ppc64 qemu-system-microblaze qemu-system-sparc qemu-i386 qemu-ppc64abi32 qemu-system-mips qemu-system-sparc64 qemu-img qemu-sh4 qemu-system-mips64 qemu-system-x86_64 qemu-io qemu-sh4eb qemu-system-mips64el qemu-x86_64 qemu-m68k qemu-sparc qemu-system-mipsel qemu-microblaze qemu-sparc32plus qemu-system-ppc |
#qemu
qemu qemu-mips qemu-sparc64 qemu-system-ppc64 qemu-alpha qemu-mipsel qemu-system-arm qemu-system-ppcemb qemu-arm qemu-nbd qemu-system-cris qemu-system-sh4 qemu-armeb qemu-ppc qemu-system-m68k qemu-system-sh4eb qemu-cris qemu-ppc64 qemu-system-microblaze qemu-system-sparc qemu-i386 qemu-ppc64abi32 qemu-system-mips qemu-system-sparc64 qemu-img qemu-sh4 qemu-system-mips64 qemu-system-x86_64 qemu-io qemu-sh4eb qemu-system-mips64el qemu-x86_64 qemu-m68k qemu-sparc qemu-system-mipsel qemu-microblaze qemu-sparc32plus qemu-system-ppc |
#rpm -ql kvm
/etc/sysconfig/modules/kvm.modules /etc/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules /usr/bin/ksmctl /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/share/kvm /usr/share/kvm/bios.bin /usr/share/kvm/extboot.bin /usr/share/kvm/keymaps /usr/share/kvm/keymaps/ar /usr/share/kvm/keymaps/common ... /usr/share/kvm/keymaps/th /usr/share/kvm/keymaps/tr /usr/share/kvm/pxe-e1000.bin /usr/share/kvm/pxe-ne2k_pci.bin /usr/share/kvm/pxe-pcnet.bin /usr/share/kvm/pxe-rtl8139.bin /usr/share/kvm/pxe-virtio.bin /usr/share/kvm/vgabios-cirrus.bin /usr/share/kvm/vgabios.bin /usr/share/man/man1/qemu-kvm.1.gz |
#rpm -ql kvm | less
|
#yum search kvm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.space.kz * base: mirror.space.kz * extras: mirror.space.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.space.kz ========================================== Matched: kvm ========================================== etherboot-roms-kvm.x86_64 : Etherboot - boot roms supported by KVM, .rom format etherboot-zroms-kvm.x86_64 : Etherboot - boot roms supported by KVM, .zrom format kmod-kvm.x86_64 : kvm kernel module(s) kvm.x86_64 : Kernel-based Virtual Machine kvm-qemu-img.x86_64 : Qemu disk image utility kvm-tools.x86_64 : KVM debugging and diagnostics tools python-virtinst.noarch : Python modules and utilities for installing virtual machines virt-manager.x86_64 : Virtual Machine Manager |
#man qemu-kvm
|
#rpm -ql kvm | less
|
#/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
open /dev/kvm: No such file or directory Could not initialize KVM, will disable KVM support QEMU PC emulator version 0.9.1 (kvm-83-maint-snapshot-20090205), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard usage: qemu [options] [disk_image] 'disk_image' is a raw hard image image for IDE hard disk 0 Standard options: -M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list) -cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list) -fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image -hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image ... -clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers are available use -clock ? -startdate select initial date of the clock -icount [N|auto] Enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per instruction During emulation, the following keys are useful: ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n' ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help. |
#/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
open /dev/kvm: No such file or directory Could not initialize KVM, will disable KVM support QEMU PC emulator version 0.9.1 (kvm-83-maint-snapshot-20090205), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard usage: qemu [options] [disk_image] 'disk_image' is a raw hard image image for IDE hard disk 0 Standard options: -M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list) -cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list) -fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image -hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image ... -clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers are available use -clock ? -startdate select initial date of the clock -icount [N|auto] Enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per instruction During emulation, the following keys are useful: ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n' ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help. |
#/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -cdrom /dev/cdrom
open /dev/kvm: No such file or directory Could not initialize KVM, will disable KVM support CDROMEJECT: Input/output error You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root |
#dd if=/dev/zero of=disk1.img count=4000 bs=1024k
4000+0 records in 4000+0 records out 4194304000 bytes (4.2 GB) copied, 27.6459 seconds, 152 MB/s |
#qemu -cdrom /dev/cdrom
|
#vim /boot/grub/menu.lst
--- /tmp/l3-saved-4195.13787.5219 2011-04-02 11:27:31.000000000 +0600 +++ /boot/grub/menu.lst 2011-04-02 11:29:25.000000000 +0600 @@ -16,4 +16,6 @@ root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img -title Windows +title Windows + root (hd0,1) + chainloader +1 |
#yum install rtorrent
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.space.kz * base: mirror.space.kz * extras: mirror.space.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.space.kz Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ... Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : libsigc++20 1/3 Installing : libtorrent 2/3 Installing : rtorrent 3/3 Installed: rtorrent.x86_64 0:0.8.6-2.el5.rf Dependency Installed: libsigc++20.x86_64 0:2.0.17-1.el5.rf libtorrent.x86_64 0:0.12.6-1.el5.rf Complete! |
#rtorrent
(11:37:08) Using 'epoll' based polling. (11:37:08) Could not read resource file: ~/.rtorrent.rc (11:37:08) Using 'epoll' based polling. [Throttle off/off KB] [Rate 0.0/ 0.0 KB] [Port: 6923] [U 0/0] [D 0/0] [H 0/32] [S 0/1/768] [F (11:37:08) Could not read resource file: ~/.rtorrent.rc |
#cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
# grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1 # initrd /boot/initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu password --md5 $1$BB.020$bfwltiexaoOH4Mq5RP3HL. title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img title Windows root (hd0,1) chainloader +1 |
#dmesg | less
|
#dmesg | grp -i dvd
bash: grp: command not found |
#dmesg | grep -i dvd
ata1.01: ATAPI: Optiarc DVD RW AD-5240S, 1.02, max UDMA/100 Vendor: Optiarc Model: DVD RW AD-5240S Rev: 1.02 |
#dmesg | grep -i ether
Atheros(R) AR8121/AR8113/AR8114/AR8131/AR8132/AR8152 PCI-E Ethernet Network Driver - version 1.0.1.9 |
#dmesg | grep -i disk
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1 md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27 sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi disk sda VFS: busy inodes on changed media or resized disk sr0 VFS: busy inodes on changed media or resized disk sr0 VFS: busy inodes on changed media or resized disk sr0 VFS: busy inodes on changed media or resized disk sr0 |
#dmesg | grep -i sda
SCSI device sda: 976773168 512-byte hdwr sectors (500108 MB) sda: Write Protect is off sda: Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back SCSI device sda: 976773168 512-byte hdwr sectors (500108 MB) sda: Write Protect is off sda: Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 < sda5 sda6 sda7 > sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi disk sda EXT3 FS on sda1, internal journal EXT3 FS on sda7, internal journal EXT3 FS on sda5, internal journal EXT3 FS on sda3, internal journal EXT3 FS on sda2, internal journal Adding 2097164k swap on /dev/sda6. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:2097164k |
#dmesg | grep -i sdb
|
#dmesg | grep -i dvd
ata1.01: ATAPI: Optiarc DVD RW AD-5240S, 1.02, max UDMA/100 Vendor: Optiarc Model: DVD RW AD-5240S Rev: 1.02 |
#dmesg | grep -i ether
Atheros(R) AR8121/AR8113/AR8114/AR8131/AR8132/AR8152 PCI-E Ethernet Network Driver - version 1.0.1.9 |
#dmesg | grep -i sda
SCSI device sda: 976773168 512-byte hdwr sectors (500108 MB) sda: Write Protect is off sda: Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back SCSI device sda: 976773168 512-byte hdwr sectors (500108 MB) sda: Write Protect is off sda: Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 < sda5 sda6 sda7 > sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi disk sda EXT3 FS on sda1, internal journal EXT3 FS on sda7, internal journal EXT3 FS on sda5, internal journal EXT3 FS on sda3, internal journal EXT3 FS on sda2, internal journal Adding 2097164k swap on /dev/sda6. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:2097164k |
#dmesg | grep -i ram
BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Security Framework v1.0.0 initialized checking if image is initramfs... it is |
#dmesg | grep -i mem
Bootmem setup node 0 0000000000000000-0000000120000000 Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range Memory: 4013560k/4718592k available (2577k kernel code, 144964k reserved, 1305k data, 212k init) Freeing initrd memory: 2589k freed MEM window: disabled. MEM window: fea00000-feafffff MEM window: feb00000-febfffff Total HugeTLB memory allocated, 0 Non-volatile memory driver v1.2 agpgart: Detected 32764K stolen memory. Freeing unused kernel memory: 212k freed ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: irq 217, io mem 0xfe8f7c00 |
#ls /lib/modules/
2.6.18-128.el5 2.6.18-194.17.1.el5 2.6.18-194.el5 |
#uname -a
Linux linux2.unix.bas 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 14:58:14 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux |
#ls /lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5
build modules.alias modules.ieee1394map modules.ofmap modules.symbols updates extra modules.ccwmap modules.inputmap modules.pcimap modules.usbmap weak-updates kernel modules.dep modules.isapnpmap modules.seriomap source |
#lsmod | wc -l
79 |
#lsmod | had
bash: had: command not found |
#lsmod | head
Module Size Used by nls_utf8 35137 1 i915 58305 1 drm 115561 2 i915 autofs4 63049 3 hidp 83521 2 rfcomm 104681 0 l2cap 89281 10 hidp,rfcomm bluetooth 118853 5 hidp,rfcomm,l2cap lockd 101553 0 |
#modprobe e100
|
#lsmod | head
Module Size Used by e100 70609 0 mii 38849 1 e100 nls_utf8 35137 1 i915 58305 1 drm 115561 2 i915 autofs4 63049 3 hidp 83521 2 rfcomm 104681 0 l2cap 89281 10 hidp,rfcomm |
#modprobe -r e100
|
#find /lib/modules/`uname -r` -name e100.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5/kernel/drivers/net/e100.ko |
#insmod /lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5/kernel/drivers/net/e100.ko
insmod: error inserting '/lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5/kernel/drivers/net/e100.ko': -1 Unknown symbol in module |
#grep e100: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/modules.dep
|
#grep e100 /lib/modules/`uname -r`/modules.dep
/lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5/kernel/drivers/net/e100.ko: /lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5/kernel/drivers/net/mii.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5/kernel/drivers/net/e1000/e1000.ko: /lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5/kernel/drivers/net/e1000e/e1000e.ko: |
#depmod -a
|
#find /lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5/ -name \*.ko | wc -l
1256 |
#ls /boot/
config-2.6.18-194.el5 message vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 grub symvers-2.6.18-194.el5.gz initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img System.map-2.6.18-194.el5 |
#less /boot/config-2.6.18-194.el5
|
#less /boot/config-2.6.18-194.el5
|
#ls -l /lib/modules/`uname -r`
total 1332 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 46 Mar 27 21:11 build -> ../../../usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-194.el5-x86_64 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 3 2010 extra drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Mar 27 21:11 kernel -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 288323 Apr 2 11:45 modules.alias -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 69 Apr 2 11:45 modules.ccwmap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 217423 Apr 2 11:45 modules.dep -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147 Apr 2 11:45 modules.ieee1394map -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 375 Apr 2 11:45 modules.inputmap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2314 Apr 2 11:45 modules.isapnpmap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74 Apr 2 11:45 modules.ofmap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 218681 Apr 2 11:45 modules.pcimap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4033 Apr 2 11:45 modules.seriomap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 145940 Apr 2 11:45 modules.symbols -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 393321 Apr 2 11:45 modules.usbmap lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Mar 27 21:11 source -> build drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 3 2010 updates drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 2 10:59 weak-updates |
#du -sk /lib/modules/`uname -r`
104936 /lib/modules/2.6.18-194.el5 |
#ls -l /boot/grub/
device.map grub.conf minix_stage1_5 stage2 e2fs_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 ufs2_stage1_5 fat_stage1_5 jfs_stage1_5 splash.xpm.gz vstafs_stage1_5 ffs_stage1_5 menu.lst stage1 xfs_stage1_5 |
#ls -l /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1953660 Apr 3 2010 /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 |
#lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset DRAM Controller (rev 03) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 01) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 01) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01) 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01) 00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 01) 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) IDE Controller (rev 01) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family SATA IDE Controller (rev 01) 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Controller (rev b0) 03:01.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4318 [AirForce One 54g] 802.11g Wireless LAN Controller (rev 02) |
#lspci -n
00:00.0 0600: 8086:2e30 (rev 03) 00:02.0 0300: 8086:2e32 (rev 03) 00:02.1 0380: 8086:2e33 (rev 03) 00:1b.0 0403: 8086:27d8 (rev 01) 00:1c.0 0604: 8086:27d0 (rev 01) 00:1c.1 0604: 8086:27d2 (rev 01) 00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:27c8 (rev 01) 00:1d.1 0c03: 8086:27c9 (rev 01) 00:1d.2 0c03: 8086:27ca (rev 01) 00:1d.3 0c03: 8086:27cb (rev 01) 00:1d.7 0c03: 8086:27cc (rev 01) 00:1e.0 0604: 8086:244e (rev e1) 00:1f.0 0601: 8086:27b8 (rev 01) 00:1f.1 0101: 8086:27df (rev 01) 00:1f.2 0101: 8086:27c0 (rev 01) 01:00.0 0200: 1969:1026 (rev b0) 03:01.0 0280: 14e4:4318 (rev 02) |
#lspci -n | grep 01:00.0
01:00.0 0200: 1969:1026 (rev b0) |
#grep 1969.*1026 /lib/modules/`uname -r`/*pcimap*
atl1e 0x00001969 0x00001026 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x0 |
#lsmod | grep atl1e
atl1e 107804 0 |
#grep 14e4.*4318 /lib/modules/`uname -r`/*pcimap*
bcm43xx 0x000014e4 0x00004318 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x0 |
#lsmod | bcm43xx
bash: bcm43xx: command not found |
#lsmod | grep bcm43xx
bcm43xx 464609 0 ieee80211softmac 65857 1 bcm43xx ieee80211 66185 2 bcm43xx,ieee80211softmac |
# grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1 # initrd /boot/initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu password --md5 $1$BB.020$bfwltiexaoOH4Mq5RP3HL. title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img title Windows root (hd0,1) chainloader +1
Время первой команды журнала | 06:18:13 2011- 4- 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 07:57:19 2011- 4- 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 17.53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 3.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.65 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.98 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008