/l3/users/sbond/nt-voip-2011-06/linux8.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :29 :30 :31 :32 :33 :34 :35 :36 :37 :38 :39 |
|
#context=gr4
[ ] include => local [gr2] [gr2] include => local include => national [13][31] ( /paris/${EXTEN},10) [gr1] [gr3] [gr3] [gr2] include => local include => national [gr3]de => international [gr4] [gr4] [gr4] include => international "/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf" 49L, 862C written |
#context=gr4
[international] [local] [-----]----RUSSIA exten => _1[1-2]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) [ ] [ ] ;----------USA [xten => _2[1-]]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) [ ] ;----------FRANCE ... [gr3] [gr2] include => local include => national [gr3]de => international [gr4] [gr4] [gr4] include => international "/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf" 49L, 862C written |
#[nclude ]> local
;-----------Kiev [xten => ]23XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) [ ] "/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf" 50L, 882C [international] ;----------RUSSIA [local] [xten ]> _1[1-2]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) [--------]-USA [ ] exten => _2[1-2]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) [ ] [ ] ;----------F12]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) ;exten => _[13][31]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) 12]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) exten => _[13][31]XX,1,Dial(SIP/paris/${EXTEN},10) [gr1] include => internal "/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf" 50L, 880C written |
#[nclude ]> local
;-----------Kiev [xten => ]23XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) [ ] "/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf" 50L, 882C [international] ;----------RUSSIA [local] [xten ]> _1[1-2]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) [--------]-USA [ ] exten => _2[1-2]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) [ ] [ ] ;----------F12]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) ;exten => _[13][31]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) 12]XX,1,Dial(SIP/kiev/${EXTEN},10) exten => _[13][31]XX,1,Dial(SIP/paris/${EXTEN},10) [gr1] include => internal "/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf" 50L, 880C written |
## http://xgu.ru/class/nt-voip-2011-jun/
|
#apt-get install bin
bin86 bind9utils bing binstats binutils-gold binutils-z80 binclock bindfs biniax2 binutils binutils-h8300-hms bind9 bindgraph biniax2-data binutils-avr binutils-m68hc1x bind9-doc binfmtc binkd binutils-dev binutils-multiarch bind9-host binfmt-support bins binutils-doc binutils-source |
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: bind9utils Suggested packages: bind9-doc resolvconf ufw The following NEW packages will be installed: bind9 bind9utils 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. ... Setting up bind9utils (1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze2) ... Setting up bind9 (1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze2) ... Adding group `bind' (GID 118) ... Done. Adding system user `bind' (UID 111) ... Adding new user `bind' (UID 111) with group `bind' ... Not creating home directory `/var/cache/bind'. wrote key file "/etc/bind/rndc.key" # Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#apt-get install bin
bin86 bind9utils bing binstats binutils-gold binutils-z80 binclock bindfs biniax2 binutils binutils-h8300-hms bind9 bindgraph biniax2-data binutils-avr binutils-m68hc1x bind9-doc binfmtc binkd binutils-dev binutils-multiarch bind9-host binfmt-support bins binutils-doc binutils-source |
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: bind9utils Suggested packages: bind9-doc resolvconf ufw The following NEW packages will be installed: bind9 bind9utils 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. ... Setting up bind9utils (1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze2) ... Setting up bind9 (1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze2) ... Adding group `bind' (GID 118) ... Done. Adding system user `bind' (UID 111) ... Adding new user `bind' (UID 111) with group `bind' ... Not creating home directory `/var/cache/bind'. wrote key file "/etc/bind/rndc.key" # Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf
|
#/etc/init.d/bin
bind9 binfmt-support |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9 waiting for pid 18920 to die. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#/etc/init.d/bin
bind9 binfmt-support |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9 waiting for pid 18920 to die. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#ps aux | grep bind
bind 19106 0.0 0.1 126488 11848 ? Ssl 12:18 0:00 /usr/sbin/named -u bind root 19124 0.0 0.0 10056 848 pts/17 S+ 12:18 0:00 grep bind |
#ps aux | grep bind
bind 19106 0.0 0.1 126488 11848 ? Ssl 12:18 0:00 /usr/sbin/named -u bind root 19124 0.0 0.0 10056 848 pts/17 S+ 12:18 0:00 grep bind |
#history
1 apt-get install locales sudo console-cyrillic screen ntpdate bash-completion 2 exit 3 cd /tmp/ 4 wget xgu.ru/lilalo/install 5 vim install 6 bash install 7 apt-get install build-essential 8 bash install 9 vim /root/.bash_profile 10 vim /root/.bashrc ... 189 asterisk -rx 'sip reload' 190 asterisk -rx 'dialplan reload' 191 vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf 192 vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf 193 apt-get install bind9 194 vim /etc/bind/named.conf 195 vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options 196 /etc/init.d/bind9 restart 197 ps aux | grep bind 198 history |
#history
1 apt-get install locales sudo console-cyrillic screen ntpdate bash-completion 2 exit 3 cd /tmp/ 4 wget xgu.ru/lilalo/install 5 vim install 6 bash install 7 apt-get install build-essential 8 bash install 9 vim /root/.bash_profile 10 vim /root/.bashrc ... 189 asterisk -rx 'sip reload' 190 asterisk -rx 'dialplan reload' 191 vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf 192 vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf 193 apt-get install bind9 194 vim /etc/bind/named.conf 195 vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options 196 /etc/init.d/bind9 restart 197 ps aux | grep bind 198 history |
#!/et
/etc/init.d/bind9 restart Stopping domain name service...: bind9 waiting for pid 19106 to die. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#!/et
/etc/init.d/bind9 restart Stopping domain name service...: bind9 waiting for pid 19106 to die. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#!v
options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. forwarders { 192.168.15.253; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; "/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 20L, 573C |
#!v
options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. forwarders { 192.168.15.253; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; "/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 20L, 573C |
#~
bash: dug: command not found |
#dig @192.168.15.253 linux8.unix.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> @192.168.15.253 linux8.unix.nt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 8266 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;linux8.unix.nt. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: linux8.unix.nt. 9600 IN A 192.168.15.8 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: unix.nt. 9600 IN NS ns.unix.nt. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.unix.nt. 9600 IN A 192.168.15.253 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 21 12:20:58 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 81 |
#dig @192.168.15.253 linux8.unix.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> @192.168.15.253 linux8.unix.nt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 8266 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;linux8.unix.nt. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: linux8.unix.nt. 9600 IN A 192.168.15.8 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: unix.nt. 9600 IN NS ns.unix.nt. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.unix.nt. 9600 IN A 192.168.15.253 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.253#53(192.168.15.253) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 21 12:20:58 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 81 |
#history
1 apt-get install locales sudo console-cyrillic screen ntpdate bash-completion 2 exit 3 cd /tmp/ 4 wget xgu.ru/lilalo/install 5 vim install 6 bash install 7 apt-get install build-essential 8 bash install 9 vim /root/.bash_profile 10 vim /root/.bashrc ... 195 vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options 196 /etc/init.d/bind9 restart 197 ps aux | grep bind 198 history 199 /etc/init.d/bind9 restart 200 vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options 201 dug @192.168.15.253 unix.nt ns 202 dig @192.168.15.253 unix.nt ns 203 dig @192.168.15.253 linux8.unix.nt 204 history |
#history
1 apt-get install locales sudo console-cyrillic screen ntpdate bash-completion 2 exit 3 cd /tmp/ 4 wget xgu.ru/lilalo/install 5 vim install 6 bash install 7 apt-get install build-essential 8 bash install 9 vim /root/.bash_profile 10 vim /root/.bashrc ... 195 vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options 196 /etc/init.d/bind9 restart 197 ps aux | grep bind 198 history 199 /etc/init.d/bind9 restart 200 vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options 201 dug @192.168.15.253 unix.nt ns 202 dig @192.168.15.253 unix.nt ns 203 dig @192.168.15.253 linux8.unix.nt 204 history |
#cat /etc/resolv.conf
search unix.nt nameserver 192.168.15.253 |
#host ya.ru
ya.ru has address 93.158.134.3 ya.ru has address 93.158.134.203 ya.ru has address 213.180.204.3 ya.ru has address 77.88.21.3 ya.ru has address 87.250.250.3 ya.ru has address 87.250.250.203 ya.ru has address 87.250.251.3 ya.ru mail is handled by 10 mx.yandex.ru. |
#host ya.ru
ya.ru has address 93.158.134.3 ya.ru has address 93.158.134.203 ya.ru has address 213.180.204.3 ya.ru has address 77.88.21.3 ya.ru has address 87.250.250.3 ya.ru has address 87.250.250.203 ya.ru has address 87.250.251.3 ya.ru mail is handled by 10 mx.yandex.ru. |
#search unix.nt
bash: search: command not found |
#nslookup unix.net
Server: 192.168.108.1 Address: 192.168.108.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: unix.net Address: 192.153.166.93 |
#nslookup unix.net
Server: 192.168.108.1 Address: 192.168.108.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: unix.net Address: 192.153.166.93 |
#vim /etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt
--- /dev/null 2011-06-20 11:55:39.162839365 +0300 +++ /etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt 2011-06-21 12:38:21.000000000 +0300 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +@ SOA linux8.unix.nt. root 1 9600 9600 9600 9600 + NS linux8.unix.nt + +@ A 192.168.108.1 + +asterisk A 192.168.108.1 |
#vim /etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt
--- /tmp/l3-saved-15530.23603.16982 2011-06-21 12:38:22.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt 2011-06-21 12:39:21.000000000 +0300 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -@ SOA linux8.unix.nt. root 1 9600 9600 9600 9600 - NS linux8.unix.nt +@ SOA linux8.unix.nt. root 1 9600 9600 9600 9600 + NS linux8.unix.nt. -@ A 192.168.108.1 + A 192.168.108.1 asterisk A 192.168.108.1 |
#apt-cache search rndc
gadmin-bind - GTK+ configuration tool for bind9 libisccc60 - Command Channel Library used by BIND libisccfg62 - Config File Handling Library used by BIND |
#apt-cache search rndc
gadmin-bind - GTK+ configuration tool for bind9 libisccc60 - Command Channel Library used by BIND libisccfg62 - Config File Handling Library used by BIND |
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.local
--- /tmp/l3-saved-15530.27257.29437 2011-06-21 12:40:35.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/bind/named.conf.local 2011-06-21 12:42:35.000000000 +0300 @@ -2,7 +2,13 @@ // Do any local configuration here // +zone "lvov.unix.nt" { + type master; + file "/etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt"; +} + // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; + |
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.local
|
#}
@ SOA linux8.unix.nt. root 1 9600 9600 9600 9600 NS linux8.unix.nt. A 192.168.108.1 asterisk A 192.168.108.1 "/etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt" 6L, 121C |
#}
@ SOA linux8.unix.nt. root 1 9600 9600 9600 9600 NS linux8.unix.nt. A 192.168.108.1 asterisk A 192.168.108.1 "/etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt" 6L, 121C |
#}
@ SOA linux8.unix.nt. root 1 9600 9600 9600 9600 NS linux8.unix.nt. A 192.168.108.1 asterisk A 192.168.108.1 "/etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt" 6L, 121C |
#}
@ SOA linux8.unix.nt. root 1 9600 9600 9600 9600 NS linux8.unix.nt. A 192.168.108.1 asterisk A 192.168.108.1 "/etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt" 6L, 121C |
#~
Stopping domain name service...: bind9 waiting for pid 19162 to die. Starting domain name service...: bind9 failed! |
#~
Stopping domain name service...: bind9 waiting for pid 19162 to die. Starting domain name service...: bind9 failed! |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9rndc: connect failed: 127.0.0.1#953: connection refused . Starting domain name service...: bind9 failed! |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9rndc: connect failed: 127.0.0.1#953: connection refused . Starting domain name service...: bind9 failed! |
#tail -n 20 /var/log/daemon.log
Jun 21 12:44:59 linux8 named[19162]: no longer listening on 192.168.108.1#53 Jun 21 12:44:59 linux8 named[19162]: exiting Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: starting BIND 9.7.3 -u bind Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-fi Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: adjusted limit on open files from 1024 to 1048576 Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: found 2 CPUs, using 2 worker threads Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: using up to 4096 sockets Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: /etc/bind/named.conf:11: missing ';' before 'include' Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: loading configuration: failure Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: exiting (due to fatal error) Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: starting BIND 9.7.3 -u bind Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-fi Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: adjusted limit on open files from 1024 to 1048576 Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: found 2 CPUs, using 2 worker threads Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: using up to 4096 sockets Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: /etc/bind/named.conf:11: missing ';' before 'include' Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: loading configuration: failure Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: exiting (due to fatal error) |
#tail -n 20 /var/log/daemon.log
Jun 21 12:44:59 linux8 named[19162]: no longer listening on 192.168.108.1#53 Jun 21 12:44:59 linux8 named[19162]: exiting Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: starting BIND 9.7.3 -u bind Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-fi Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: adjusted limit on open files from 1024 to 1048576 Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: found 2 CPUs, using 2 worker threads Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: using up to 4096 sockets Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: /etc/bind/named.conf:11: missing ';' before 'include' Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: loading configuration: failure Jun 21 12:45:00 linux8 named[19626]: exiting (due to fatal error) Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: starting BIND 9.7.3 -u bind Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-fi Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: adjusted limit on open files from 1024 to 1048576 Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: found 2 CPUs, using 2 worker threads Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: using up to 4096 sockets Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: /etc/bind/named.conf:11: missing ';' before 'include' Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: loading configuration: failure Jun 21 12:45:03 linux8 named[19667]: exiting (due to fatal error) |
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf
|
# 11 include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones"; "/etc/bind/named.conf" 11L, 463C |
# 11 include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones"; "/etc/bind/named.conf" 11L, 463C |
#~
// // Do any local configuration here // type master; file "/etc/bind/db.lvov.unix.nt"; }one "lvov.unix.nt" { "/etc/bind/named.conf.local" 14L, 240C // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization { //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8,1 All |
#}
options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. forwarders { 192.168.15.253; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; "/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 20L, 573C |
#}
options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. forwarders { 192.168.15.253; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; "/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 20L, 573C |
#!/et
/etc/init.d/bind9 restart Stopping domain name service...: bind9rndc: connect failed: 127.0.0.1#953: connection refused . Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#!/et
/etc/init.d/bind9 restart Stopping domain name service...: bind9rndc: connect failed: 127.0.0.1#953: connection refused . Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#ps aux | grep bind
bind 19878 0.1 0.1 126496 11856 ? Ssl 12:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/named -u bind root 19897 0.0 0.0 10056 848 pts/17 S+ 12:47 0:00 grep bind |
#ps aux | grep bind
bind 19878 0.1 0.1 126496 11856 ? Ssl 12:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/named -u bind root 19897 0.0 0.0 10056 848 pts/17 S+ 12:47 0:00 grep bind |
#ping asterisk.lvov.unix.nt
PING asterisk.lvov.unix.nt (192.168.108.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.016 ms 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.031 ms 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms ^C --- asterisk.lvov.unix.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.016/0.025/0.031/0.009 ms |
#ping asterisk.lvov.unix.nt
PING asterisk.lvov.unix.nt (192.168.108.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.016 ms 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.031 ms 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms ^C --- asterisk.lvov.unix.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.016/0.025/0.031/0.009 ms |
#ping lvov.unix.nt
PING lvov.unix.nt (192.168.108.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.015 ms 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms ^C --- lvov.unix.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.015/0.026/0.034/0.009 ms |
#ping lvov.unix.nt
PING lvov.unix.nt (192.168.108.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.015 ms 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms 64 bytes from linux8.local (192.168.108.1): icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms ^C --- lvov.unix.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.015/0.026/0.034/0.009 ms |
#ping linux8.unix.nt
PING linux8.unix.nt (192.168.15.8) 56(84) bytes of data. ^CFrom 192.168.108.253 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable ^CFrom 192.168.108.253 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable ^CFrom 192.168.108.253 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^CFrom 192.168.108.253 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable --- linux8.unix.nt ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, +4 errors, 100% packet loss, time 3002ms pipe 4 |
#ping linux8.unix.nt
PING linux8.unix.nt (192.168.15.8) 56(84) bytes of data. ^CFrom 192.168.108.253 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable ^CFrom 192.168.108.253 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable ^CFrom 192.168.108.253 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^CFrom 192.168.108.253 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable --- linux8.unix.nt ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, +4 errors, 100% packet loss, time 3002ms pipe 4 |
#ping kiev.unix.nt
PING kiev.unix.nt (192.168.107.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.782 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=0.788 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=63 time=0.784 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=63 time=0.778 ms ^C64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=5 ttl=63 time=0.792 ms --- kiev.unix.nt ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20017ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.778/0.784/0.792/0.035 ms |
#ping kiev.unix.nt
PING kiev.unix.nt (192.168.107.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.782 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=0.788 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=63 time=0.784 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=63 time=0.778 ms ^C64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=5 ttl=63 time=0.792 ms --- kiev.unix.nt ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20017ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.778/0.784/0.792/0.035 ms |
#ping ny.unix.nt
PING ny.unix.nt (192.168.105.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.105.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.785 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.105.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=0.741 ms ^C64 bytes from 192.168.105.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=63 time=0.785 ms --- ny.unix.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 10017ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.741/0.770/0.785/0.030 ms |
#ping ny.unix.nt
PING ny.unix.nt (192.168.105.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.105.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.785 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.105.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=0.741 ms ^C64 bytes from 192.168.105.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=63 time=0.785 ms --- ny.unix.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 10017ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.741/0.770/0.785/0.030 ms |
#ping kiev.unix.nt
PING kiev.unix.nt (192.168.107.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.715 ms ^C64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=0.781 ms --- kiev.unix.nt ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 5004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.715/0.748/0.781/0.033 ms |
#ping kiev.unix.nt
PING kiev.unix.nt (192.168.107.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.715 ms ^C64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=0.781 ms --- kiev.unix.nt ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 5004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.715/0.748/0.781/0.033 ms |
#ping kiev.unix.nt
PING kiev.unix.nt (192.168.107.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.783 ms ^C64 bytes from 192.168.107.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=1.09 ms --- kiev.unix.nt ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 5003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.783/0.936/1.090/0.156 ms |
search unix.nt nameserver 192.168.15.253
Время первой команды журнала | 10:16:52 2011- 6-21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 11:49:21 2011- 6-21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 9.90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 1.98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 1.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008