Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Вторник (10/23/12)

/dev/pts/1
08:42:30
#ping 192.168.20.1
PING 192.168.20.1 (192.168.20.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.20.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2014ms
/dev/pts/0
08:42:37
#ping 192.168.20.2
PING 192.168.20.2 (192.168.20.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.20.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1008ms
/dev/pts/1
08:42:37
#ping 192.168.20.2
PING 192.168.20.2 (192.168.20.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.20.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1008ms
/dev/pts/0
08:42:39
#ping 192.168.50.1
PING 192.168.50.1 (192.168.50.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.50.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.659 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.50.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=0.542 ms
^C
--- 192.168.50.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.542/0.600/0.659/0.063 ms
/dev/pts/1
08:42:39
#ping 192.168.50.1
PING 192.168.50.1 (192.168.50.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.50.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=63 time=0.659 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.50.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=63 time=0.542 ms
^C
--- 192.168.50.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.542/0.600/0.659/0.063 ms
/dev/pts/0
08:42:49
#ps aux |grep networkmanager
root      2469  0.0  0.0   3376   744 pts/2    S+   09:42   0:00 grep networkmanager
/dev/pts/1
08:42:49
#ps aux |grep networkmanager
root      2469  0.0  0.0   3376   744 pts/2    S+   09:42   0:00 grep networkmanager
/dev/pts/0
08:42:52
#/etc/init.d/network-manager stop
Stopping network connection manager: NetworkManager.
/dev/pts/1
08:42:52
#/etc/init.d/network-manager stop
Stopping network connection manager: NetworkManager.
/dev/pts/0
08:49:38
#ls /etc/rc2.d*network-manager
ls: невозможно получить доступ к /etc/rc2.d*network-manager: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/1
08:49:38
#ls /etc/rc2.d*network-manager
ls: невозможно получить доступ к /etc/rc2.d*network-manager: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/0
08:50:44
#ls /etc/rc2.d/*network-manager
/etc/rc2.d/S19network-manager
/dev/pts/1
08:50:44
#ls /etc/rc2.d/*network-manager
/etc/rc2.d/S19network-manager
/dev/pts/0
08:50:52
#rm /etc/rc2.d/*network-manager

/dev/pts/1
08:50:52
#rm /etc/rc2.d/*network-manager

/dev/pts/0
08:58:26
#apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово
Предлагаемые пакеты:
  isc-dhcp-server-ldap
НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены:
  isc-dhcp-server
обновлено 0, установлено 1 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 0 пакетов не обновлено.
Необходимо скачать 378 kБ архивов.
После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 889 kB.
...
Предварительная настройка пакетов ...
Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета isc-dhcp-server.
(Чтение базы данных ... на данный момент установлено 116279 файлов и каталогов.)
Распаковывается пакет isc-dhcp-server (из файла .../isc-dhcp-server_4.1.1-P1-15+squeeze8_i386.deb)...
Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db ...
Настраивается пакет isc-dhcp-server (4.1.1-P1-15+squeeze8) ...
Generating /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server...
Starting ISC DHCP server: dhcpdcheck syslog for diagnostics. ... failed!
 failed!
invoke-rc.d: initscript isc-dhcp-server, action "start" failed.
/dev/pts/1
08:58:26
#apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово
Предлагаемые пакеты:
  isc-dhcp-server-ldap
НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены:
  isc-dhcp-server
обновлено 0, установлено 1 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 0 пакетов не обновлено.
Необходимо скачать 378 kБ архивов.
После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 889 kB.
...
Предварительная настройка пакетов ...
Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета isc-dhcp-server.
(Чтение базы данных ... на данный момент установлено 116279 файлов и каталогов.)
Распаковывается пакет isc-dhcp-server (из файла .../isc-dhcp-server_4.1.1-P1-15+squeeze8_i386.deb)...
Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db ...
Настраивается пакет isc-dhcp-server (4.1.1-P1-15+squeeze8) ...
Generating /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server...
Starting ISC DHCP server: dhcpdcheck syslog for diagnostics. ... failed!
 failed!
invoke-rc.d: initscript isc-dhcp-server, action "start" failed.
/dev/pts/0
08:59:38
#ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 2c:27:d7:29:6d:0d
          inet addr:192.168.30.1  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::2e27:d7ff:fe29:6d0d/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2476 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2428 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:709386 (692.7 KiB)  TX bytes:199330 (194.6 KiB)
          Interrupt:20 Memory:fe400000-fe420000
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:420 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:420 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:35862 (35.0 KiB)  TX bytes:35862 (35.0 KiB)
/dev/pts/1
08:59:38
#ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 2c:27:d7:29:6d:0d
          inet addr:192.168.30.1  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::2e27:d7ff:fe29:6d0d/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2476 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2428 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:709386 (692.7 KiB)  TX bytes:199330 (194.6 KiB)
          Interrupt:20 Memory:fe400000-fe420000
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:420 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:420 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:35862 (35.0 KiB)  TX bytes:35862 (35.0 KiB)
/dev/pts/0
09:00:21
#apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово
Уже установлена самая новая версия isc-dhcp-server.
обновлено 0, установлено 0 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 0 пакетов не обновлено.
/dev/pts/1
09:00:21
#apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово
Уже установлена самая новая версия isc-dhcp-server.
обновлено 0, установлено 0 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 0 пакетов не обновлено.
/dev/pts/0
09:00:25
#dpkg -L isc-dhcp-server
/.
/etc
/etc/dhcp
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/etc/init.d
/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man8
...
/usr/share/doc/isc-dhcp-server/NEWS.Debian.gz
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/isc-dhcp-server
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/dhcpd
/var
/var/run
/var/lib
/var/lib/dhcp
/dev/pts/1
09:00:25
#dpkg -L isc-dhcp-server
/.
/etc
/etc/dhcp
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/etc/init.d
/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man8
...
/usr/share/doc/isc-dhcp-server/NEWS.Debian.gz
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/isc-dhcp-server
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/dhcpd
/var
/var/run
/var/lib
/var/lib/dhcp
/dev/pts/0
09:01:12
#ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=32.1 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=31.9 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=31.9 ms
^C
--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 31.914/31.994/32.120/0.225 ms
/dev/pts/1
09:01:12
#ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=32.1 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=31.9 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=31.9 ms
^C
--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 31.914/31.994/32.120/0.225 ms
/dev/pts/0
09:02:52
#cat /etc/resolf.comf
cat: /etc/resolf.comf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/1
09:02:52
#cat /etc/resolf.comf
cat: /etc/resolf.comf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/0
09:03:03
#cat /etc/resolv.comf
cat: /etc/resolv.comf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/1
09:03:03
#cat /etc/resolv.comf
cat: /etc/resolv.comf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/0
09:03:07
#cat /etc/resolv.conf
search unix.nt
nameserver 192.168.15.254
/dev/pts/1
09:03:07
#cat /etc/resolv.conf
search unix.nt
nameserver 192.168.15.254
/dev/pts/0
09:03:35
#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf
/dev/pts/1
09:03:35
#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf
/dev/pts/0
09:05:07
#~
# BOOTP or DHCP.   Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
#host fantasia {
#  hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;
               {
#  fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;
               {
-- ВСТАВ                                                                       80,20         60%
...
#  pool {                                                                           101,20        91%
   }
#    deny members of "foo";
        {
#    range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
        {
#  pool {                                                                           105,20        97%
   }
 }:syn on
#} }                                                                                107,10      Внизу
/dev/pts/1
09:05:07
#~
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
#  range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
#  option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
#  option domain-name "internal.example.org";
#  option routers 10.5.5.1;              {
                                         {
#  option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
#  default-lease-time 600;
#  max-lease-time 7200;
...
#  pool {                                                                           101,20        91%
   }
#    deny members of "foo";
        {
#    range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
        {
#  pool {                                                                           105,20        97%
   }
 }:syn on
#} }                                                                                107,10      Внизу
прошло 13 минут
/dev/pts/0
09:18:38
#/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server start
Starting ISC DHCP server: dhcpd.
/dev/pts/1
09:18:38
#/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server start
Starting ISC DHCP server: dhcpd.
/dev/pts/0
09:20:59
#ps aux | grep isc-dhsv-server
root      2873  0.0  0.0   3376   748 pts/2    S+   10:21   0:00 grep isc-dhsv-server
/dev/pts/1
09:20:59
#ps aux | grep isc-dhsv-server
root      2873  0.0  0.0   3376   748 pts/2    S+   10:21   0:00 grep isc-dhsv-server
/dev/pts/0
09:28:35
#}
log-facility local7;
# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.
subnet 192.168.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.30.100 192.168.30.120;
}
# This is a very basic subnet declaration.{
}subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
#  range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;        {
                                             {
...
                                              {
#  option domain-name "internal.example.org";
#  option routers 10.5.5.1;              {
 }                                       {
#  option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
#  default-lease-time 600;               {
#  max-lease-time 7200;
#}
 }
"/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf" 109L, 3535C записано
/dev/pts/1
09:28:35
#}
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd for Debian
#
#
# The ddns-updates-style parameter controls whether or not the server will
# attempt to do a DNS update when a lease is confirmed. We default to the
# behavior of the version 2 packages ('none', since DHCP v2 didn't
# have support for DDNS.)
ddns-update-style none;
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
...
#  option domain-name "internal.example.org";
#  option routers 10.5.5.1;              {
 }                                       {
#  option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
#  default-lease-time 600;               {
#  max-lease-time 7200;
#}
 }
"/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf" 109L, 3535C записано
#}
/dev/pts/0
09:31:58
#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/dev/pts/1
09:31:58
#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/dev/pts/0
09:32:27
#dpgk -L isc-dhcp-server | grep /var
bash: dpgk: команда не найдена
/dev/pts/1
09:32:27
#dpgk -L isc-dhcp-server | grep /var
bash: dpgk: команда не найдена
/dev/pts/0
09:35:41
#dpkg -L isc-dhcp-server | grep /var
/var
/var/run
/var/lib
/var/lib/dhcp
/dev/pts/1
09:35:41
#dpkg -L isc-dhcp-server | grep /var
/var
/var/run
/var/lib
/var/lib/dhcp
/dev/pts/0
09:36:00
#ls /var/lib/dhcp
dhclient.leases  dhcpd.leases  dhcpd.leases~
/dev/pts/1
09:36:00
#ls /var/lib/dhcp
dhclient.leases  dhcpd.leases  dhcpd.leases~
/dev/pts/0
09:36:14
#ls /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
/dev/pts/1
09:36:14
#ls /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
/dev/pts/0
09:37:20
#less /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
/dev/pts/1
09:37:20
#less /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
/dev/pts/0
09:41:40
#vip /etc/asterisk/sip.conf
bash: vip: команда не найдена
/dev/pts/1
09:41:40
#vip /etc/asterisk/sip.conf
bash: vip: команда не найдена
/dev/pts/0
09:48:26
#asterisk -r
Asterisk 1.6.2.9-2+squeeze8, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2010 Digium, Inc. and others.
Created by Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com>
Asterisk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; type 'core show warranty' for details.
This is free software, with components licensed under the GNU General Public
License version 2 and other licenses; you are welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions. Type 'core show license' for details.
=========================================================================
Connected to Asterisk 1.6.2.9-2+squeeze8 currently running on linux3 (pid = 1395)
linux3*CLI> sip show peers
Name/username              Host            Dyn Nat ACL Port     Status
...
linux3*CLI> sip show peers
Name/username              Host            Dyn Nat ACL Port     Status
1301/1301                  192.168.30.101   D   N      5060     Unmonitored
1302/1302                  192.168.30.100   D   N      4470     Unmonitored
2 sip peers [Monitored: 0 online, 0 offline Unmonitored: 2 online, 0 offline]
[Oct 23 11:02:53] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
[Oct 23 11:05:54] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
[Oct 23 11:08:54] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
[Oct 23 11:11:54] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
linux3*CLI> exit
/dev/pts/1
09:48:26
#asterisk -r
Asterisk 1.6.2.9-2+squeeze8, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2010 Digium, Inc. and others.
Created by Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com>
Asterisk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; type 'core show warranty' for details.
This is free software, with components licensed under the GNU General Public
License version 2 and other licenses; you are welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions. Type 'core show license' for details.
=========================================================================
Connected to Asterisk 1.6.2.9-2+squeeze8 currently running on linux3 (pid = 1395)
linux3*CLI> sip show peers
Name/username              Host            Dyn Nat ACL Port     Status
...
linux3*CLI> sip show peers
Name/username              Host            Dyn Nat ACL Port     Status
1301/1301                  192.168.30.101   D   N      5060     Unmonitored
1302/1302                  192.168.30.100   D   N      4470     Unmonitored
2 sip peers [Monitored: 0 online, 0 offline Unmonitored: 2 online, 0 offline]
[Oct 23 11:02:53] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
[Oct 23 11:05:54] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
[Oct 23 11:08:54] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
[Oct 23 11:11:54] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
linux3*CLI> exit
прошло 25 минут
/dev/pts/7
10:13:59
#vim /etc/asterisik/extencions.comf
/dev/pts/6
10:13:59
#vim /etc/asterisik/extencions.comf
/dev/pts/7
10:14:34
#~

/dev/pts/6
10:14:34
#~

/dev/pts/7
10:14:51
#~
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово
Уже установлена самая новая версия mc.
обновлено 0, установлено 0 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 0 пакетов не обновлено.
/dev/pts/6
10:14:51
#~
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово
Уже установлена самая новая версия mc.
обновлено 0, установлено 0 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 0 пакетов не обновлено.
прошло 11 минут
/dev/pts/11
10:26:00
#cd /user/bin/mc
bash: cd: /user/bin/mc: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/12
10:26:00
#cd /user/bin/mc
bash: cd: /user/bin/mc: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/17
10:35:20
#cat /etc/asterisk/ectwnsionc.conf
cat: /etc/asterisk/ectwnsionc.conf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/16
10:35:20
#cat /etc/asterisk/ectwnsionc.conf
cat: /etc/asterisk/ectwnsionc.conf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/17
10:35:32
#cat /etc/asterisk/ectensionc.conf
cat: /etc/asterisk/ectensionc.conf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/16
10:35:32
#cat /etc/asterisk/ectensionc.conf
cat: /etc/asterisk/ectensionc.conf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/17
10:35:36
#cat /etc/asterisk/ectensions.conf
cat: /etc/asterisk/ectensions.conf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/16
10:35:36
#cat /etc/asterisk/ectensions.conf
cat: /etc/asterisk/ectensions.conf: Нет такого файла или каталога
/dev/pts/17
10:35:55
#cat /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
; extensions.conf - the Asterisk dial plan
;
; Static extension configuration file, used by
; the pbx_config module. This is where you configure all your
; inbound and outbound calls in Asterisk.
;
; This configuration file is reloaded
; - With the "dialplan reload" command in the CLI
; - With the "reload" command (that reloads everything) in the CLI
;
...
exten => _X.,n,SayDigits(${CALLERID(ani)})      ; playback again in case of missed digit
exten => _X.,n,Return()
; For more information on applications, just type "core show applications" at your
; friendly Asterisk CLI prompt.
;
; "core show application <command>" will show details of how you
; use that particular application in this file, the dial plan.
; "core show functions" will list all dialplan functions
; "core show function <COMMAND>" will show you more information about
; one function. Remember that function names are UPPER CASE.
/dev/pts/16
10:35:55
#cat /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
; extensions.conf - the Asterisk dial plan
;
; Static extension configuration file, used by
; the pbx_config module. This is where you configure all your
; inbound and outbound calls in Asterisk.
;
; This configuration file is reloaded
; - With the "dialplan reload" command in the CLI
; - With the "reload" command (that reloads everything) in the CLI
;
...
exten => _X.,n,SayDigits(${CALLERID(ani)})      ; playback again in case of missed digit
exten => _X.,n,Return()
; For more information on applications, just type "core show applications" at your
; friendly Asterisk CLI prompt.
;
; "core show application <command>" will show details of how you
; use that particular application in this file, the dial plan.
; "core show functions" will list all dialplan functions
; "core show function <COMMAND>" will show you more information about
; one function. Remember that function names are UPPER CASE.
/dev/pts/17
10:40:19
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3939.1415.8802	2012-10-23 11:40:21.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf	2012-10-23 11:42:38.000000000 +0300
@@ -846,5 +846,5 @@
 ; one function. Remember that function names are UPPER CASE
 
 [my]
-extem=> _13XX,1,DIAL(SIP/${EXTEN})
+exten=> _13XX,1,DIAL(SIP/${EXTEN})
 
/dev/pts/16
10:40:19
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
10:47:07
#asterisk -rvvv
Asterisk 1.6.2.9-2+squeeze8, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2010 Digium, Inc. and others.
Created by Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com>
Asterisk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; type 'core show warranty' for details.
This is free software, with components licensed under the GNU General Public
License version 2 and other licenses; you are welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions. Type 'core show license' for details.
=========================================================================
  == Parsing '/etc/asterisk/asterisk.conf':   == Found
  == Parsing '/etc/asterisk/extconfig.conf':   == Found
Connected to Asterisk 1.6.2.9-2+squeeze8 currently running on linux3 (pid = 1395)
...
[Oct 23 11:47:55] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
  == Using SIP RTP CoS mark 5
    -- Executing [1302@default:1] Hangup("SIP/1301-00000003", "") in new stack
  == Spawn extension (default, 1302, 1) exited non-zero on 'SIP/1301-00000003'
    -- Unregistered SIP '1302'
  == Using SIP RTP CoS mark 5
    -- Executing [8000@default:1] Hangup("SIP/1301-00000004", "") in new stack
  == Spawn extension (default, 8000, 1) exited non-zero on 'SIP/1301-00000004'
linux3*CLI> exit
Executing last minute cleanups
/dev/pts/17
10:47:07
#asterisk -rvvv
Asterisk 1.6.2.9-2+squeeze8, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2010 Digium, Inc. and others.
Created by Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com>
Asterisk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; type 'core show warranty' for details.
This is free software, with components licensed under the GNU General Public
License version 2 and other licenses; you are welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions. Type 'core show license' for details.
=========================================================================
  == Parsing '/etc/asterisk/asterisk.conf':   == Found
  == Parsing '/etc/asterisk/extconfig.conf':   == Found
Connected to Asterisk 1.6.2.9-2+squeeze8 currently running on linux3 (pid = 1395)
...
[Oct 23 11:47:55] NOTICE[1469]: chan_sip.c:21638 handle_request_subscribe: Received SIP subscribe for peer without mailbox: 1302
  == Using SIP RTP CoS mark 5
    -- Executing [1302@default:1] Hangup("SIP/1301-00000003", "") in new stack
  == Spawn extension (default, 1302, 1) exited non-zero on 'SIP/1301-00000003'
    -- Unregistered SIP '1302'
  == Using SIP RTP CoS mark 5
    -- Executing [8000@default:1] Hangup("SIP/1301-00000004", "") in new stack
  == Spawn extension (default, 8000, 1) exited non-zero on 'SIP/1301-00000004'
linux3*CLI> exit
Executing last minute cleanups
10:51:21
#mv /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf.backup

/dev/pts/16
10:51:21
#mv /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf.backup

/dev/pts/17
10:53:31
#vim /etc/asteisk/extentions.conf
/dev/pts/16
10:53:31
#vim /etc/asteisk/extentions.conf
/dev/pts/17
10:54:14
#vim /etc/asterisk/extentions.conf
--- /dev/null	2012-10-23 08:39:06.651535091 +0300
+++ /etc/asterisk/extentions.conf	2012-10-23 12:04:57.000000000 +0300
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[default]
+
+exten=> 8000,1,Playback(welcome)
+
+
/dev/pts/16
10:54:14
#vim /etc/asterisk/extentions.conf
прошло 11 минут
/dev/pts/17
11:05:34
#vim /etc/asterisk/extentions.conf
/dev/pts/16
11:05:34
#vim /etc/asterisk/extentions.conf
прошло 13 минут
/dev/pts/17
11:18:47
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3939.20374.878	2012-10-23 12:18:49.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf	2012-10-23 12:20:02.000000000 +0300
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 
 exten=> 8000,1,Playback(welcome)
 
-
+exten=> 1301,1,Dial(SIP/1601)
/dev/pts/16
11:18:47
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
/dev/pts/17
11:20:30
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3939.15538.28948	2012-10-23 12:20:32.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf	2012-10-23 12:21:20.000000000 +0300
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 
 exten=> 8000,1,Playback(welcome)
 
-exten=> 1301,1,Dial(SIP/1601)
+exten=> 1301,1,Dial(SIP/1301)
/dev/pts/16
11:20:30
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
/dev/pts/17
11:22:39
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3939.892.31349	2012-10-23 12:22:41.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf	2012-10-23 12:24:12.000000000 +0300
@@ -3,3 +3,6 @@
 exten=> 8000,1,Playback(welcome)
 
 exten=> 1301,1,Dial(SIP/1301)
+
+
+exten=> 1302,1,Dial(SIP/1302)
/dev/pts/16
11:22:39
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
/dev/pts/17
11:24:38
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3939.18312.27184	2012-10-23 12:27:34.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf	2012-10-23 12:29:27.000000000 +0300
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 exten=> 8000,1,Playback(welcome)
 
-exten=> 1301,1,Dial(SIP/1301)
+exten=> _13XX,1,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN})
+
+
+;exten=> 1302,1,Dial(SIP/1302)
 
 
-exten=> 1302,1,Dial(SIP/1302)
/dev/pts/16
11:24:38
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
прошла 71 минута
/dev/pts/17
12:35:41
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
/dev/pts/16
12:35:41
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
прошло 23 минуты
/dev/pts/17
12:59:14
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3939.15179.18426	2012-10-23 13:59:19.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf	2012-10-23 13:59:56.000000000 +0300
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 exten=> _13XX,1,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN})
 
 
-exten=> 81XX,1,Record(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
-exten=> 81XX,n,Playback(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
+exten=> _81XX,1,Record(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
+exten=> _81XX,n,Playback(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
 
 
-exten=> 82XX,1,Playback(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
+exten=> _82XX,1,Playback(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
 
 ;exten=> 1302,1,Dial(SIP/1302)
 
/dev/pts/16
12:59:14
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
/dev/pts/17
13:00:36
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3939.5559.12351	2012-10-23 14:00:38.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf	2012-10-23 14:01:54.000000000 +0300
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 exten=> _13XX,1,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN})
 
-
-exten=> _81XX,1,Record(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
-exten=> _81XX,n,Playback(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
+exten=> _81XX,1,Answer
+exten=> _81XX,n,Record(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
+exten=> _81XX,n,Playback(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2})
 
 
 exten=> _82XX,1,Playback(/var/tmp/asterisk/message${EXTEN:2}:gsm)
/dev/pts/16
13:00:36
#vim /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
/dev/pts/17
13:03:17
#mkdir /var/tmp/asterisk/
mkdir: невозможно создать каталог «/var/tmp/asterisk/»: Файл существует
/dev/pts/16
13:03:17
#mkdir /var/tmp/asterisk/
mkdir: невозможно создать каталог «/var/tmp/asterisk/»: Файл существует

Файлы

  • /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
  • /etc/resolv.conf
  • /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
    >
    ; extensions.conf - the Asterisk dial plan
    ;
    ; Static extension configuration file, used by
    ; the pbx_config module. This is where you configure all your
    ; inbound and outbound calls in Asterisk.
    ;
    ; This configuration file is reloaded
    ; - With the "dialplan reload" command in the CLI
    ; - With the "reload" command (that reloads everything) in the CLI
    ;
    ; The "General" category is for certain variables.
    ;
    [general]
    ;
    ; If static is set to no, or omitted, then the pbx_config will rewrite
    ; this file when extensions are modified.  Remember that all comments
    ; made in the file will be lost when that happens.
    ;
    ; XXX Not yet implemented XXX
    ;
    static=yes
    ;
    ; if static=yes and writeprotect=no, you can save dialplan by
    ; CLI command "dialplan save" too
    ;
    writeprotect=no
    ;
    ; If autofallthrough is set, then if an extension runs out of
    ; things to do, it will terminate the call with BUSY, CONGESTION
    ; or HANGUP depending on Asterisk's best guess. This is the default.
    ;
    ; If autofallthrough is not set, then if an extension runs out of
    ; things to do, Asterisk will wait for a new extension to be dialed
    ; (this is the original behavior of Asterisk 1.0 and earlier).
    ;
    ;autofallthrough=no
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ; If extenpatternmatchnew is set (true, yes, etc), then a new algorithm that uses
    ; a Trie to find the best matching pattern is used. In dialplans
    ; with more than about 20-40 extensions in a single context, this
    ; new algorithm can provide a noticeable speedup.
    ; With 50 extensions, the speedup is 1.32x
    ; with 88 extensions, the speedup is 2.23x
    ; with 138 extensions, the speedup is 3.44x
    ; with 238 extensions, the speedup is 5.8x
    ; with 438 extensions, the speedup is 10.4x
    ; With 1000 extensions, the speedup is ~25x
    ; with 10,000 extensions, the speedup is 374x
    ; Basically, the new algorithm provides a flat response
    ; time, no matter the number of extensions.
    ;
    ; By default, the old pattern matcher is used.
    ;
    ; ****This is a new feature! *********************
    ; The new pattern matcher is for the brave, the bold, and
    ; the desperate. If you have large dialplans (more than about 50 extensions
    ; in a context), and/or high call volume, you might consider setting
    ; this value to "yes" !!
    ; Please, if you try this out, and are forced to return to the
    ; old pattern matcher, please report your reasons in a bug report
    ; on bugs.digium.com. We have made good progress in providing something
    ; compatible with the old matcher; help us finish the job!
    ;
    ; This value can be switched at runtime using the cli command "dialplan set extenpatternmatchnew true"
    ; or "dialplan set extenpatternmatchnew false", so you can experiment to your hearts content.
    ;
    ;extenpatternmatchnew=no
    ;
    ; If clearglobalvars is set, global variables will be cleared
    ; and reparsed on a dialplan reload, or Asterisk reload.
    ;
    ; If clearglobalvars is not set, then global variables will persist
    ; through reloads, and even if deleted from the extensions.conf or
    ; one of its included files, will remain set to the previous value.
    ;
    ; NOTE: A complication sets in, if you put your global variables into
    ; the AEL file, instead of the extensions.conf file. With clearglobalvars
    ; set, a "reload" will often leave the globals vars cleared, because it
    ; is not unusual to have extensions.conf (which will have no globals)
    ; load after the extensions.ael file (where the global vars are stored).
    ; So, with "reload" in this particular situation, first the AEL file will
    ; clear and then set all the global vars, then, later, when the extensions.conf
    ; file is loaded, the global vars are all cleared, and then not set, because
    ; they are not stored in the extensions.conf file.
    ;
    clearglobalvars=no
    ;
    ; If priorityjumping is set to 'yes', then applications that support
    ; 'jumping' to a different priority based on the result of their operations
    ; will do so (this is backwards compatible behavior with pre-1.2 releases
    ; of Asterisk). Individual applications can also be requested to do this
    ; by passing a 'j' option in their arguments.
    ;
    ;priorityjumping=yes
    ;
    ; User context is where entries from users.conf are registered.  The
    ; default value is 'default'
    ;
    ;userscontext=default
    ;
    ; You can include other config files, use the #include command
    ; (without the ';'). Note that this is different from the "include" command
    ; that includes contexts within other contexts. The #include command works
    ; in all asterisk configuration files.
    ;#include "filename.conf"
    ;#include <filename.conf>
    ;#include filename.conf
    ;
    ; You can execute a program or script that produces config files, and they
    ; will be inserted where you insert the #exec command. The #exec command
    ; works on all asterisk configuration files.  However, you will need to
    ; activate them within asterisk.conf with the "execincludes" option.  They
    ; are otherwise considered a security risk.
    ;#exec /opt/bin/build-extra-contexts.sh
    ;#exec /opt/bin/build-extra-contexts.sh --foo="bar"
    ;#exec </opt/bin/build-extra-contexts.sh --foo="bar">
    ;#exec "/opt/bin/build-extra-contexts.sh --foo=\"bar\""
    ;
    ; The "Globals" category contains global variables that can be referenced
    ; in the dialplan with the GLOBAL dialplan function:
    ; ${GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}
    ; ${${GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}} or ${text${GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}} or any hybrid
    ; Unix/Linux environmental variables can be reached with the ENV dialplan
    ; function: ${ENV(VARIABLE)}
    ;
    [globals]
    CONSOLE=Console/dsp                             ; Console interface for demo
    ;CONSOLE=DAHDI/1
    ;CONSOLE=Phone/phone0
    IAXINFO=guest                                   ; IAXtel username/password
    ;IAXINFO=myuser:mypass
    TRUNK=DAHDI/G2                                  ; Trunk interface
    ;
    ; Note the 'G2' in the TRUNK variable above. It specifies which group (defined
    ; in chan_dahdi.conf) to dial, i.e. group 2, and how to choose a channel to use
    ; in the specified group. The four possible options are:
    ;
    ; g: select the lowest-numbered non-busy DAHDI channel
    ;    (aka. ascending sequential hunt group).
    ; G: select the highest-numbered non-busy DAHDI channel
    ;    (aka. descending sequential hunt group).
    ; r: use a round-robin search, starting at the next highest channel than last
    ;    time (aka. ascending rotary hunt group).
    ; R: use a round-robin search, starting at the next lowest channel than last
    ;    time (aka. descending rotary hunt group).
    ;
    TRUNKMSD=1                                      ; MSD digits to strip (usually 1 or 0)
    ;TRUNK=IAX2/user:pass@provider
    ;FREENUMDOMAIN=mydomain.com                     ; domain to send on outbound
                                                    ; freenum calls (uses outbound-freenum
                                                    ; context)
    ;
    ; WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING
    ; If you load any other extension configuration engine, such as pbx_ael.so,
    ; your global variables may be overridden by that file.  Please take care to
    ; use only one location to set global variables, and you will likely save
    ; yourself a ton of grief.
    ; WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING
    ;
    ; Any category other than "General" and "Globals" represent
    ; extension contexts, which are collections of extensions.
    ;
    ; Extension names may be numbers, letters, or combinations
    ; thereof. If an extension name is prefixed by a '_'
    ; character, it is interpreted as a pattern rather than a
    ; literal.  In patterns, some characters have special meanings:
    ;
    ;   X - any digit from 0-9
    ;   Z - any digit from 1-9
    ;   N - any digit from 2-9
    ;   [1235-9] - any digit in the brackets (in this example, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9)
    ;   . - wildcard, matches anything remaining (e.g. _9011. matches
    ;       anything starting with 9011 excluding 9011 itself)
    ;   ! - wildcard, causes the matching process to complete as soon as
    ;       it can unambiguously determine that no other matches are possible
    ;
    ; For example, the extension _NXXXXXX would match normal 7 digit dialings,
    ; while _1NXXNXXXXXX would represent an area code plus phone number
    ; preceded by a one.
    ;
    ; Each step of an extension is ordered by priority, which must always start
    ; with 1 to be considered a valid extension.  The priority "next" or "n" means
    ; the previous priority plus one, regardless of whether the previous priority
    ; was associated with the current extension or not.  The priority "same" or "s"
    ; means the same as the previously specified priority, again regardless of
    ; whether the previous entry was for the same extension.  Priorities may be
    ; immediately followed by a plus sign and another integer to add that amount
    ; (most useful with 's' or 'n').  Priorities may then also have an alias, or
    ; label, in parentheses after their name which can be used in goto situations.
    ;
    ; Contexts contain several lines, one for each step of each extension.  One may
    ; include another context in the current one as well, optionally with a date
    ; and time.  Included contexts are included in the order they are listed.
    ; Switches may also be included within a context.  The order of matching within
    ; a context is always exact extensions, pattern match extensions, includes, and
    ; switches.  Includes are always processed depth-first.  So for example, if you
    ; would like a switch "A" to match before context "B", simply put switch "A" in
    ; an included context "C", where "C" is included in your original context
    ; before "B".
    ;
    ;[context]
    ;exten => someexten,{priority|label{+|-}offset}[(alias)],application(arg1,arg2,...)
    ;
    ; Timing list for includes is
    ;
    ;   <time range>,<days of week>,<days of month>,<months>[,<timezone>]
    ;
    ; Note that ranges may be specified to wrap around the ends.  Also, minutes are
    ; fine-grained only down to the closest even minute.
    ;
    ;include => daytime,9:00-17:00,mon-fri,*,*
    ;include => weekend,*,sat-sun,*,*
    ;include => weeknights,17:02-8:58,mon-fri,*,*
    ;
    ; ignorepat can be used to instruct drivers to not cancel dialtone upon receipt
    ; of a particular pattern.  The most commonly used example is of course '9'
    ; like this:
    ;
    ;ignorepat => 9
    ;
    ; so that dialtone remains even after dialing a 9.  Please note that ignorepat
    ; only works with channels which receive dialtone from the PBX, such as DAHDI,
    ; Phone, and VPB.  Other channels, such as SIP and MGCP, which generate their
    ; own dialtone and converse with the PBX only after a number is complete, are
    ; generally unaffected by ignorepat (unless DISA or another method is used to
    ; generate a dialtone after answering the channel).
    ;
    ;
    ; Sample entries for extensions.conf
    ;
    ;
    [dundi-e164-canonical]
    ;include => stdexten
    ;
    ; List canonical entries here
    ;
    ;exten => 12564286000,1,Gosub(6000,stdexten(IAX2/foo))
    ;exten => 12564286000,n,Goto(default,s,1)       ; exited Voicemail
    ;exten => _125642860XX,1,Dial(IAX2/otherbox/${EXTEN:7})
    [dundi-e164-customers]
    ;
    ; If you are an ITSP or Reseller, list your customers here.
    ;
    ;exten => _12564286000,1,Dial(SIP/customer1)
    ;exten => _12564286001,1,Dial(IAX2/customer2)
    [dundi-e164-via-pstn]
    ;
    ; If you are freely delivering calls to the PSTN, list them here
    ;
    ;exten => _1256428XXXX,1,Dial(DAHDI/G2/${EXTEN:7}) ; Expose all of 256-428
    ;exten => _1256325XXXX,1,Dial(DAHDI/G2/${EXTEN:7}) ; Ditto for 256-325
    [dundi-e164-local]
    ;
    ; Context to put your dundi IAX2 or SIP user in for
    ; full access
    ;
    include => dundi-e164-canonical
    include => dundi-e164-customers
    include => dundi-e164-via-pstn
    [dundi-e164-switch]
    ;
    ; Just a wrapper for the switch
    ;
    switch => DUNDi/e164
    [dundi-e164-lookup]
    ;
    ; Locally to lookup, try looking for a local E.164 solution
    ; then try DUNDi if we don't have one.
    ;
    include => dundi-e164-local
    include => dundi-e164-switch
    ;
    ; DUNDi can also be implemented as a Macro instead of using
    ; the Local channel driver.
    ;
    [macro-dundi-e164]
    ;
    ; ARG1 is the extension to Dial
    ;
    ; Extension "s" is not a wildcard extension that matches "anything".
    ; In macros, it is the start extension. In most other cases,
    ; you have to goto "s" to execute that extension.
    ;
    ; For wildcard matches, see above - all pattern matches start with
    ; an underscore.
    exten => s,1,Goto(${ARG1},1)
    include => dundi-e164-lookup
    ;
    ; Here are the entries you need to participate in the IAXTEL
    ; call routing system.  Most IAXTEL numbers begin with 1-700, but
    ; there are exceptions.  For more information, and to sign
    ; up, please go to www.gnophone.com or www.iaxtel.com
    ;
    [iaxtel700]
    exten => _91700XXXXXXX,1,Dial(IAX2/${GLOBAL(IAXINFO)}@iaxtel.com/${EXTEN:1}@iaxtel)
    ;
    ; The SWITCH statement permits a server to share the dialplan with
    ; another server. Use with care: Reciprocal switch statements are not
    ; allowed (e.g. both A -> B and B -> A), and the switched server needs
    ; to be on-line or else dialing can be severly delayed.
    ;
    [iaxprovider]
    ;switch => IAX2/user:[key]@myserver/mycontext
    [trunkint]
    ;
    ; International long distance through trunk
    ;
    exten => _9011.,1,Macro(dundi-e164,${EXTEN:4})
    exten => _9011.,n,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${FILTER(0-9,${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})})
    [trunkld]
    ;
    ; Long distance context accessed through trunk
    ;
    exten => _91NXXNXXXXXX,1,Macro(dundi-e164,${EXTEN:1})
    exten => _91NXXNXXXXXX,n,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
    [trunklocal]
    ;
    ; Local seven-digit dialing accessed through trunk interface
    ;
    exten => _9NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
    [trunktollfree]
    ;
    ; Long distance context accessed through trunk interface
    ;
    exten => _91800NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
    exten => _91888NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
    exten => _91877NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
    exten => _91866NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
    [international]
    ;
    ; Master context for international long distance
    ;
    ignorepat => 9
    include => longdistance
    include => trunkint
    [longdistance]
    ;
    ; Master context for long distance
    ;
    ignorepat => 9
    include => local
    include => trunkld
    [local]
    ;
    ; Master context for local, toll-free, and iaxtel calls only
    ;
    ignorepat => 9
    include => default
    include => trunklocal
    include => iaxtel700
    include => trunktollfree
    include => iaxprovider
    ;Include parkedcalls (or the context you define in features conf)
    ;to enable call parking.
    include => parkedcalls
    ;
    ; You can use an alternative switch type as well, to resolve
    ; extensions that are not known here, for example with remote
    ; IAX switching you transparently get access to the remote
    ; Asterisk PBX
    ;
    ; switch => IAX2/user:password@bigserver/local
    ;
    ; An "lswitch" is like a switch but is literal, in that
    ; variable substitution is not performed at load time
    ; but is passed to the switch directly (presumably to
    ; be substituted in the switch routine itself)
    ;
    ; lswitch => Loopback/12${EXTEN}@othercontext
    ;
    ; An "eswitch" is like a switch but the evaluation of
    ; variable substitution is performed at runtime before
    ; being passed to the switch routine.
    ;
    ; eswitch => IAX2/context@${CURSERVER}
    ; The following two contexts are a template to enable the ability to dial
    ; ISN numbers. For more information about what an ISN number is, please see
    ; http://www.freenum.org.
    ;
    ; This is the dialing hook.  use:
    ; include => outbound-freenum
    [outbound-freenum]
    ; We'll add more digits as needed. The purpose is to dial things
    ; like extension numbers at domains (ITAD number) so we're matching
    ; on lengths of 1 through 6 prior to the separator (the asterisk [*])
    ;
    exten => _X*X!,1,Goto(outbound-freenum2,${EXTEN},1)
    exten => _XX*X!,1,Goto(outbound-freenum2,${EXTEN},1)
    exten => _XXX*X!,1,Goto(outbound-freenum2,${EXTEN},1)
    exten => _XXXX*X!,1,Goto(outbound-freenum2,${EXTEN},1)
    exten => _XXXXX*X!,1,Goto(outbound-freenum2,${EXTEN},1)
    exten => _XXXXXX*X!,1,Goto(outbound-freenum2,${EXTEN},1)
    [outbound-freenum2]
    ; This is the handler which performs the dialing logic. It is called
    ; from the [outbound-freenum] context
    ;
    exten => _X!,1,Verbose(2,Performing ISN lookup for ${EXTEN})
    same => n,Set(SUFFIX=${CUT(EXTEN,*,2-)})                                ; make sure the suffix is all digits as well
    same => n,GotoIf($["${FILTER(0-9,${SUFFIX})}" != "${SUFFIX}"]?fn-CONGESTION,1)
                                                                            ; filter out bad characters per the README-SERIOUSLY.best-practices.txt document
    same => n,Set(TIMEOUT(absolute)=10800)
    same => n,Set(isnresult=${ENUMLOOKUP(${EXTEN},sip,,1,freenum.org)})     ; perform our lookup with freenum.org
    same => n,GotoIf($["${isnresult}" != ""]?from)
    same => n,Set(DIALSTATUS=CONGESTION)
    same => n,Goto(fn-CONGESTION,1)
    same => n(from),Set(SIPFROMUSER=${CALLERID(num)})
    same => n,GotoIf($["${GLOBAL(FREENUMDOMAIN)}" = ""]?dial)               ; check if we set the FREENUMDOMAIN global variable in [global]
    same => n,Set(SIPFROMDOMAIN=${GLOBAL(FREENUMDOMAIN)})                   ;    if we did set it, then we'll use it for our outbound dialing domain
    same => n(dial),Dial(SIP/${isnresult},40)
    same => n,Goto(fn-${DIALSTATUS},1)
    exten => fn-BUSY,1,Busy()
    exten => _f[n]-.,1,NoOp(ISN: ${DIALSTATUS})
    same => n,Congestion()
    [macro-trunkdial]
    ;
    ; Standard trunk dial macro (hangs up on a dialstatus that should
    ; terminate call)
    ;   ${ARG1} - What to dial
    ;
    exten => s,1,Dial(${ARG1})
    exten => s,n,Goto(s-${DIALSTATUS},1)
    exten => s-NOANSWER,1,Hangup
    exten => s-BUSY,1,Hangup
    exten => _s-.,1,NoOp
    [stdexten]
    ;
    ; Standard extension subroutine:
    ;   ${EXTEN} - Extension
    ;   ${ARG1} - Device(s) to ring
    ;   ${ARG2} - Optional context in Voicemail (if empty, then "default")
    ;
    ; Note that the current version will drop through to the next priority in the
    ; case of their pressing '#'.  This gives more flexibility in what do to next:
    ; you can prompt for a new extension, or drop the call, or send them to a
    ; general delivery mailbox, or...
    ;
    ; The use of the LOCAL() function is purely for convenience.  Any variable
    ; initially declared as LOCAL() will disappear when the innermost Gosub context
    ; in which it was declared returns.  Note also that you can declare a LOCAL()
    ; variable on top of an existing variable, and its value will revert to its
    ; previous value (before being declared as LOCAL()) upon Return.
    ;
    exten => _X.,50000(stdexten),NoOp(Start stdexten)
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(ext)=${EXTEN})
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(dev)=${ARG1})
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(cntx)=${ARG2})
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(mbx)="${ext}"$["${cntx}" ? "@${cntx}" :: ""])
    exten => _X.,n,Dial(${dev},20)                  ; Ring the interface, 20 seconds maximum
    exten => _X.,n,Goto(stdexten-${DIALSTATUS},1)           ; Jump based on status (NOANSWER,BUSY,CHANUNAVAIL,CONGESTION,ANSWER)
    exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,1,Voicemail(${mbx},u)        ; If unavailable, send to voicemail w/ unavail announce
    exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,n,NoOp(Finish stdexten NOANSWER)
    exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,n,Return()                   ; If they press #, return to start
    exten => stdexten-BUSY,1,Voicemail(${mbx},b)
                                                    ; If busy, send to voicemail w/ busy announce
    exten => stdexten-BUSY,n,NoOp(Finish stdexten BUSY)
    exten => stdexten-BUSY,n,Return()                       ; If they press #, return to start
    exten => _stde[x]te[n]-.,1,Goto(stdexten-NOANSWER,1)    ; Treat anything else as no answer
    exten => a,1,VoicemailMain(${mbx})              ; If they press *, send the user into VoicemailMain
    exten => a,n,Return()
    [stdPrivacyexten]
    ;
    ; Standard extension subroutine:
    ;   ${ARG1} - Extension
    ;   ${ARG2} - Device(s) to ring
    ;   ${ARG3} - Optional DONTCALL context name to jump to (assumes the s,1 extension-priority)
    ;   ${ARG4} - Optional TORTURE context name to jump to (assumes the s,1 extension-priority)`
    ;   ${ARG5} - Context in voicemail (if empty, then "default")
    ;
    ; See above note in stdexten about priority handling on exit.
    ;
    exten => _X.,60000(stdPrivacyexten),NoOp(Start stdPrivacyexten)
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(ext)=${ARG1})
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(dev)=${ARG2})
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(dontcntx)=${ARG3})
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(tortcntx)=${ARG4})
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(cntx)=${ARG5})
    exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(mbx)="${ext}"$["${cntx}" ? "@${cntx}" :: ""])
    exten => _X.,n,Dial(${dev},20,p)                        ; Ring the interface, 20 seconds maximum, call screening
                                                    ; option (or use P for databased call _X.creening)
    exten => _X.,n,Goto(stdexten-${DIALSTATUS},1)           ; Jump based on status (NOANSWER,BUSY,CHANUNAVAIL,CONGESTION,ANSWER)
    exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,1,Voicemail(${mbx},u)        ; If unavailable, send to voicemail w/ unavail announce
    exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,n,NoOp(Finish stdPrivacyexten NOANSWER)
    exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,n,Return()                   ; If they press #, return to start
    exten => stdexten-BUSY,1,Voicemail(${mbx},b)            ; If busy, send to voicemail w/ busy announce
    exten => stdexten-BUSY,n,NoOp(Finish stdPrivacyexten BUSY)
    exten => stdexten-BUSY,n,Return()                       ; If they press #, return to start
    exten => stdexten-DONTCALL,1,Goto(${dontcntx},s,1)      ; Callee chose to send this call to a polite "Don't call again" script.
    exten => stdexten-TORTURE,1,Goto(${tortcntx},s,1)       ; Callee chose to send this call to a telemarketer torture script.
    exten => _stde[x]te[n]-.,1,Goto(stdexten-NOANSWER,1)    ; Treat anything else as no answer
    exten => a,1,VoicemailMain(${mbx})              ; If they press *, send the user into VoicemailMain
    exten => a,n,Return
    [macro-page];
    ;
    ; Paging macro:
    ;
    ;       Check to see if SIP device is in use and DO NOT PAGE if they are
    ;
    ;   ${ARG1} - Device to page
    exten => s,1,ChanIsAvail(${ARG1},s)                     ; s is for ANY call
    exten => s,n,GoToIf([${AVAILORIGCHAN} = ""]?fail:autoanswer)
    exten => s,n(autoanswer),Set(_ALERT_INFO="RA")                  ; This is for the PolyComs
    exten => s,n,SIPAddHeader(Call-Info: Answer-After=0)    ; This is for the Grandstream, Snoms, and Others
    exten => s,n,NoOp()                                     ; Add others here and Post on the Wiki!!!!
    exten => s,n,Dial(${ARG1})
    exten => s,n(fail),Hangup
    [demo]
    include => stdexten
    ;
    ; We start with what to do when a call first comes in.
    ;
    exten => s,1,Wait(1)                    ; Wait a second, just for fun
    exten => s,n,Answer                     ; Answer the line
    exten => s,n,Set(TIMEOUT(digit)=5)      ; Set Digit Timeout to 5 seconds
    exten => s,n,Set(TIMEOUT(response)=10)  ; Set Response Timeout to 10 seconds
    exten => s,n(restart),BackGround(demo-congrats) ; Play a congratulatory message
    exten => s,n(instruct),BackGround(demo-instruct)        ; Play some instructions
    exten => s,n,WaitExten                  ; Wait for an extension to be dialed.
    exten => 2,1,BackGround(demo-moreinfo)  ; Give some more information.
    exten => 2,n,Goto(s,instruct)
    exten => 3,1,Set(LANGUAGE()=fr)         ; Set language to french
    exten => 3,n,Goto(s,restart)            ; Start with the congratulations
    exten => 1000,1,Goto(default,s,1)
    ;
    ; We also create an example user, 1234, who is on the console and has
    ; voicemail, etc.
    ;
    exten => 1234,1,Playback(transfer,skip)         ; "Please hold while..."
                                            ; (but skip if channel is not up)
    exten => 1234,n,Gosub(${EXTEN},stdexten(${GLOBAL(CONSOLE)}))
    exten => 1234,n,Goto(default,s,1)               ; exited Voicemail
    exten => 1235,1,Voicemail(1234,u)               ; Right to voicemail
    exten => 1236,1,Dial(Console/dsp)               ; Ring forever
    exten => 1236,n,Voicemail(1234,b)               ; Unless busy
    ;
    ; # for when they're done with the demo
    ;
    exten => #,1,Playback(demo-thanks)      ; "Thanks for trying the demo"
    exten => #,n,Hangup                     ; Hang them up.
    ;
    ; A timeout and "invalid extension rule"
    ;
    exten => t,1,Goto(#,1)                  ; If they take too long, give up
    exten => i,1,Playback(invalid)          ; "That's not valid, try again"
    ;
    ; Create an extension, 500, for dialing the
    ; Asterisk demo.
    ;
    exten => 500,1,Playback(demo-abouttotry); Let them know what's going on
    exten => 500,n,Dial(IAX2/guest@pbx.digium.com/s@default)        ; Call the Asterisk demo
    exten => 500,n,Playback(demo-nogo)      ; Couldn't connect to the demo site
    exten => 500,n,Goto(s,6)                ; Return to the start over message.
    ;
    ; Create an extension, 600, for evaluating echo latency.
    ;
    exten => 600,1,Playback(demo-echotest)  ; Let them know what's going on
    exten => 600,n,Echo                     ; Do the echo test
    exten => 600,n,Playback(demo-echodone)  ; Let them know it's over
    exten => 600,n,Goto(s,6)                ; Start over
    ;
    ;       You can use the Macro Page to intercom a individual user
    exten => 76245,1,Macro(page,SIP/Grandstream1)
    ; or if your peernames are the same as extensions
    exten => _7XXX,1,Macro(page,SIP/${EXTEN})
    ;
    ;
    ; System Wide Page at extension 7999
    ;
    exten => 7999,1,Set(TIMEOUT(absolute)=60)
    exten => 7999,2,Page(Local/Grandstream1@page&Local/Xlite1@page&Local/1234@page/n,d)
    ; Give voicemail at extension 8500
    ;
    exten => 8500,1,VoicemailMain
    exten => 8500,n,Goto(s,6)
    ;
    ; Here's what a phone entry would look like (IXJ for example)
    ;
    ;exten => 1265,1,Dial(Phone/phone0,15)
    ;exten => 1265,n,Goto(s,5)
    ;
    ;       The page context calls up the page macro that sets variables needed for auto-answer
    ;       It is in is own context to make calling it from the Page() application as simple as
    ;       Local/{peername}@page
    ;
    [page]
    exten => _X.,1,Macro(page,SIP/${EXTEN})
    ;[mainmenu]
    ;
    ; Example "main menu" context with submenu
    ;
    ;exten => s,1,Answer
    ;exten => s,n,Background(thanks)                ; "Thanks for calling press 1 for sales, 2 for support, ..."
    ;exten => s,n,WaitExten
    ;exten => 1,1,Goto(submenu,s,1)
    ;exten => 2,1,Hangup
    ;include => default
    ;
    ;[submenu]
    ;exten => s,1,Ringing                                   ; Make them comfortable with 2 seconds of ringback
    ;exten => s,n,Wait,2
    ;exten => s,n,Background(submenuopts)   ; "Thanks for calling the sales department.  Press 1 for steve, 2 for..."
    ;exten => s,n,WaitExten
    ;exten => 1,1,Goto(default,steve,1)
    ;exten => 2,1,Goto(default,mark,2)
    [default]
    ;
    ; By default we include the demo.  In a production system, you
    ; probably don't want to have the demo there.
    ;
    include => demo
    ;
    ; An extension like the one below can be used for FWD, Nikotel, sipgate etc.
    ; Note that you must have a [sipprovider] section in sip.conf
    ;
    ;exten => _41X.,1,Dial(SIP/${FILTER(0-9,${EXTEN:2})}@sipprovider,,r)
    ; Real extensions would go here. Generally you want real extensions to be
    ; 4 or 5 digits long (although there is no such requirement) and start with a
    ; single digit that is fairly large (like 6 or 7) so that you have plenty of
    ; room to overlap extensions and menu options without conflict.  You can alias
    ; them with names, too, and use global variables
    ;exten => 6245,hint,SIP/Grandstream1&SIP/Xlite1(Joe Schmoe) ; Channel hints for presence
    ;exten => 6245,1,Dial(SIP/Grandstream1,20,rt)   ; permit transfer
    ;exten => 6245,n(dial),Dial(${HINT},20,rtT)     ; Use hint as listed
    ;exten => 6245,n,Voicemail(6245,u)              ; Voicemail (unavailable)
    ;exten => 6245,s+1,Hangup                       ; s+1, same as n
    ;exten => 6245,dial+101,Voicemail(6245,b)       ; Voicemail (busy)
    ;exten => 6361,1,Dial(IAX2/JaneDoe,,rm)         ; ring without time limit
    ;exten => 6389,1,Dial(MGCP/aaln/1@192.168.0.14)
    ;exten => 6390,1,Dial(JINGLE/caller/callee) ; Dial via jingle using labels
    ;exten => 6391,1,Dial(JINGLE/asterisk@digium.com/mogorman@astjab.org) ;Dial via jingle using asterisk as the transport and calling mogorman.
    ;exten => 6394,1,Dial(Local/6275/n)             ; this will dial ${MARK}
    ;exten => 6275,1,Gosub(${EXTEN},stdexten(${MARK}))
                                                    ; assuming ${MARK} is something like DAHDI/2
    ;exten => 6275,n,Goto(default,s,1)              ; exited Voicemail
    ;exten => mark,1,Goto(6275,1)                   ; alias mark to 6275
    ;exten => 6536,1,Gosub(${EXTEN},stdexten(${WIL}))
                                                    ; Ditto for wil
    ;exten => 6536,n,Goto(default,s,1)              ; exited Voicemail
    ;exten => wil,1,Goto(6236,1)
    ;If you want to subscribe to the status of a parking space, this is
    ;how you do it. Subscribe to extension 6600 in sip, and you will see
    ;the status of the first parking lot with this extensions' help
    ;exten => 6600,hint,park:701@parkedcalls
    ;exten => 6600,1,noop
    ;
    ; Some other handy things are an extension for checking voicemail via
    ; voicemailmain
    ;
    ;exten => 8500,1,VoicemailMain
    ;exten => 8500,n,Hangup
    ;
    ; Or a conference room (you'll need to edit meetme.conf to enable this room)
    ;
    ;exten => 8600,1,Meetme(1234)
    ;
    ; Or playing an announcement to the called party, as soon it answers
    ;
    ;exten = 8700,1,Dial(${MARK},30,A(/path/to/my/announcemsg))
    ;
    ; example of a compartmentalized company called "acme"
    ;
    ; this is the context that your incoming IAX/SIP trunk dumps you in...
    ;[acme-incoming]
    ;exten => s,1,Wait(1)
    ;exten => s,n,Answer()
    ;exten => s,n(menu),Playback(acme/vm-brief-menu)
    ;exten => s,n(exten),Background(vm-enter-num-to-call)
    ;exten => s,n,WaitExten(5)
    ;exten => s,n(goodbye),Playback(vm-goodbye)
    ;exten => s,n(end),Hangup()
    ;
    ;include  => acme-extens
    ;
    ;exten => i,1,Playback(vm-invalid)
    ;exten => i,n,Goto(s,exten)                     ; optionally, transfer to operator
    ;
    ;exten => t,1,Goto(s,goodbye)
    ;
    ; this is the context our internal SIP hardphones use (see sip.conf)
    ;
    ;[acme-internal]
    ;exten => s,1,Answer()
    ;exten => s,n(exten),Background(vm-enter-num-to-call)
    ;exten => s,n,WaitExten(5)
    ;exten => s,n(goodbye),Playback(vm-goodbye)
    ;exten => s,n(end),Hangup()
    ;
    ;include => trunkint
    ;include => trunkld
    ;include => trunklocal
    ;
    ;include => acme-extens
    ;
    ; you can test what your system sounds like to outside callers by dialing this
    ;exten => 777,1,DISA(no-password,acme-incoming)
    ;
    ; grouping of acme's extensions... never used directly, always included.
    ;
    ;[acme-extens]
    ;include => stdexten
    ;exten => 111,1,Gosub(111,stdexten(SIP/pete_1,acme))
    ;exten => 111,n,Goto(s,exten)
    ;
    ;exten => 112,1,Gosub(112,stdexten(SIP/nancy_1,acme))
    ;exten => 112,n,Goto(s,end)
    ;
    ; end of acme example
    ;
    ; Time context: you can patch this in via the following.
    ;
    ; [acme-internal]
    ; ...
    ; exten => 777,1,Gosub(time)
    ; exten => 777,n,Hangup()
    ;
    ; ...
    ; include => time
    ;
    ; Note: if you're geographically spread out, you can have SIP extensions
    ; specify their own local timezone in sip.conf as:
    ;
    ; [boi]
    ; type=friend
    ; context=acme-internal
    ; callerid="Boise Ofc. <2083451111>"
    ; ...
    ; ; use system-wide default timezone of MST7MDT
    ;
    ; [lws]
    ; type=friend
    ; context=acme-internal
    ; callerid="Lewiston Ofc. <2087431111>"
    ; ...
    ; setvar=timezone=PST8PDT
    ;
    ; "timezone" isn't a 'reserved' name in any way, and other places where
    ; the timezone is significant (e.g. calls to "SayUnixTime()", etc) will
    ; require modification as well.  Note that voicemail.conf already has
    ; a mechanism for timezones.
    ;
    [time]
    exten => _X.,30000(time),NoOp(Time: ${EXTEN} ${timezone})
    exten => _X.,n,Wait(0.25)
    exten => _X.,n,Answer()
    ; the amount of delay is set for English; you may need to adjust this time
    ; for other languages if there's no pause before the synchronizing beep.
    exten => _X.,n,Set(FUTURETIME=$[${EPOCH} + 12])
    exten => _X.,n,SayUnixTime(${FUTURETIME},Zulu,HNS)
    exten => _X.,n,SayPhonetic(z)
    ; use the timezone associated with the extension (sip only), or system-wide
    ; default if one hasn't been set.
    exten => _X.,n,SayUnixTime(${FUTURETIME},${timezone},HNS)
    exten => _X.,n,Playback(spy-local)
    exten => _X.,n,WaitUntil(${FUTURETIME})
    exten => _X.,n,Playback(beep)
    exten => _X.,n,Return()
    ;
    ; ANI context: use in the same way as "time" above
    ;
    [ani]
    exten => _X.,40000(ani),NoOp(ANI: ${EXTEN})
    exten => _X.,n,Wait(0.25)
    exten => _X.,n,Answer()
    exten => _X.,n,Playback(vm-from)
    exten => _X.,n,SayDigits(${CALLERID(ani)})
    exten => _X.,n,Wait(1.25)
    exten => _X.,n,SayDigits(${CALLERID(ani)})      ; playback again in case of missed digit
    exten => _X.,n,Return()
    ; For more information on applications, just type "core show applications" at your
    ; friendly Asterisk CLI prompt.
    ;
    ; "core show application <command>" will show details of how you
    ; use that particular application in this file, the dial plan.
    ; "core show functions" will list all dialplan functions
    ; "core show function <COMMAND>" will show you more information about
    ; one function. Remember that function names are UPPER CASE.
    
    /etc/resolv.conf
    >
    search unix.nt
    nameserver 192.168.15.254
    

    Статистика

    Время первой команды журнала08:42:30 2012-10-23
    Время последней команды журнала13:03:17 2012-10-23
    Количество командных строк в журнале101
    Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, %28.71
    Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % 1.98
    Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час 3.16
    Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 0.53
    Частота использования команд
    vim28|=========================| 25.69%
    cat14|============| 12.84%
    grep8|=======| 7.34%
    ls8|=======| 7.34%
    ping7|======| 6.42%
    ~6|=====| 5.50%
    dpkg4|===| 3.67%
    ps4|===| 3.67%
    asterisk4|===| 3.67%
    apt-get4|===| 3.67%
    ifconfig2|=| 1.83%
    }2|=| 1.83%
    mkdir2|=| 1.83%
    rm2|=| 1.83%
    cd2|=| 1.83%
    vip2|=| 1.83%
    dpgk2|=| 1.83%
    less2|=| 1.83%
    /etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server2|=| 1.83%
    mv2|=| 1.83%
    /etc/init.d/network-manager2|=| 1.83%
    ____
    *) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются

    Справка

    Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного: всё происходит само собой. Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:
    1. В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.

    2. Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.

    3. Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
      $ l s-l
      bash: l: command not found
      

    4. Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
      $ test 5 -lt 4
      Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой. Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

    5. Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
      $ find / -name abc
      find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung
      find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung
      find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung
      find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung
      find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung
      ^C
      

    6. Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
      # id
      uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)
      

    7. Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
      $ vi ~/.bashrc
      2a3,5
      >    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
      >         . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion
      >        fi
      

    8. Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
      $ patch ~/.bashrc
      В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc

    9. Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.

      Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.

    10. Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.

    11. Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора

    12. Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.

    13. Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.

    14. Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:

      $ whoami
      
      user
      
      $ #^ Интересно, кто я?
      
      в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
      $ whoami
      
      user
      
      Интересно, кто я?

    15. Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:

      $ whoami
      
      user
      
      $ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
      
      Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
      мы зарегистрировались в системе.
      -
      Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
      в этом мире.
      
      В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
      $ whoami
      user
      
      Интересно, кто я?
      Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
      мы зарегистрировались в системе.

      Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
      в этом мире.
      Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой используйте символ "-", один в строке.

    16. Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=

    17. Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале. Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat. Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, содержимое файла будет показано в журнале в специально отведённой для этого секции.
    18. Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал, нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot. После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое должно быть в журнале.
    19. Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке. Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах, в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения.
      1
          2
      3   
          4
      
      Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.

    О программе

    LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
    Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
    (c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

    $Id$