/l3/users/vmk64646464/nt-scale/debian4.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 |
|
#/etc/init.d/mdadm restart
Stopping MD monitoring service: mdadm --monitor. Starting MD monitoring service: mdadm --monitor. |
#/etc/init.d/mdadm restart
Stopping MD monitoring service: mdadm --monitor. Starting MD monitoring service: mdadm --monitor. |
#mdadm --scan
mdadm: --scan does not set the mode, and so cannot be the first option. |
#mdadm --scan
mdadm: --scan does not set the mode, and so cannot be the first option. |
#mdadm --scan --monitor
mdadm: --scan does not set the mode, and so cannot be the first option. |
#mdadm --scan --monitor
mdadm: --scan does not set the mode, and so cannot be the first option. |
#mdadm --monitor /dev/md0
mdadm: Monitor using email address "root" from config file ^C |
#mdadm --monitor /dev/md0
mdadm: Monitor using email address "root" from config file ^C |
#dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb count=1 bs=512
1+0 записей считано 1+0 записей написано скопировано 512 байт (512 B), 0,0300352 c, 17,0 kB/c |
#dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb count=1 bs=512
1+0 записей считано 1+0 записей написано скопировано 512 байт (512 B), 0,0300352 c, 17,0 kB/c |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0x0020 of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 254 heads, 63 sectors/track, 61040 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16002 * 512 = 8193024 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x84b0e27d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6103 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6103 7324 9762019 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 21150 90066 551395330 93 Amoeba |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0x0020 of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 254 heads, 63 sectors/track, 61040 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16002 * 512 = 8193024 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x84b0e27d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6103 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6103 7324 9762019 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 21150 90066 551395330 93 Amoeba |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 97654784, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 97658878, size= 19524038, Id= 5 /dev/sda3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda5 : start= 97658880, size= 9762816, Id=82 /dev/sda6 : start=107421759, size= 9761157, Id=83 |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 97654784, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 97658878, size= 19524038, Id= 5 /dev/sda3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda5 : start= 97658880, size= 9762816, Id=82 /dev/sda6 : start=107421759, size= 9761157, Id=83 |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb/ | sfdisk /dev/sdb
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 97658878 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Warning: The partition table looks like it was made ... Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 97656831 97654784 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 97658878 117182915 19524038 5 Extended /dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb5 97658880 107421695 9762816 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb6 107421759 117182915 9761157 83 Linux Warning: partition 1 does not end at a cylinder boundary sfdisk: I don't like these partitions - nothing changed. (If you really want this, use the --force option.) |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb/ | sfdisk /dev/sdb
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 97658878 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Warning: The partition table looks like it was made ... Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 97656831 97654784 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 97658878 117182915 19524038 5 Extended /dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb5 97658880 107421695 9762816 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb6 107421759 117182915 9761157 83 Linux Warning: partition 1 does not end at a cylinder boundary sfdisk: I don't like these partitions - nothing changed. (If you really want this, use the --force option.) |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb/ | sfdisk /dev/sdb --force
Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 97658878 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Warning: The partition table looks like it was made ... /dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb5 97658880 107421695 9762816 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb6 107421759 117182915 9761157 83 Linux Warning: partition 1 does not end at a cylinder boundary Successfully wrote the new partition table Re-reading the partition table ... If you created or changed a DOS partition, /dev/foo7, say, then use dd(1) to zero the first 512 bytes: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/foo7 bs=512 count=1 (See fdisk(8).) |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb/ | sfdisk /dev/sdb --force
Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 97658878 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Warning: The partition table looks like it was made ... /dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb5 97658880 107421695 9762816 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb6 107421759 117182915 9761157 83 Linux Warning: partition 1 does not end at a cylinder boundary Successfully wrote the new partition table Re-reading the partition table ... If you created or changed a DOS partition, /dev/foo7, say, then use dd(1) to zero the first 512 bytes: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/foo7 bs=512 count=1 (See fdisk(8).) |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 97654784, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 97658878, size= 19524038, Id= 5 /dev/sda3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda5 : start= 97658880, size= 9762816, Id=82 /dev/sda6 : start=107421759, size= 9761157, Id=83 |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 97654784, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 97658878, size= 19524038, Id= 5 /dev/sda3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda5 : start= 97658880, size= 9762816, Id=82 /dev/sda6 : start=107421759, size= 9761157, Id=83 |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sdb
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. # partition table of /dev/sdb unit: sectors /dev/sdb1 : start= 2048, size= 97654784, Id=83 /dev/sdb2 : start= 97658878, size= 19524038, Id= 5 /dev/sdb3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sdb4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sdb5 : start= 97658880, size= 9762816, Id=82 /dev/sdb6 : start=107421759, size= 9761157, Id=83 |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sdb
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. # partition table of /dev/sdb unit: sectors /dev/sdb1 : start= 2048, size= 97654784, Id=83 /dev/sdb2 : start= 97658878, size= 19524038, Id= 5 /dev/sdb3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sdb4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sdb5 : start= 97658880, size= 9762816, Id=82 /dev/sdb6 : start=107421759, size= 9761157, Id=83 |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 254 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39066 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16002 * 512 = 8193024 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x84b0e27d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6103 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6103 7324 9762019 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6103 6714 4881408 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 6714 7324 4880578+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 254 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39066 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16002 * 512 = 8193024 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x84b0e27d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6103 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6103 7324 9762019 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6103 6714 4881408 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 6714 7324 4880578+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x84b0e27d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 7295 9762019 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 6079 6687 4881408 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb6 6687 7295 4880578+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x84b0e27d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 7295 9762019 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 6079 6687 4881408 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb6 6687 7295 4880578+ 83 Linux |
#mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda6 on /data type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /dev/sr0 on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro,noexec,nosuid,nodev,user=user) |
#mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda6 on /data type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /dev/sr0 on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro,noexec,nosuid,nodev,user=user) |
#vim /etc/fstab
--- /tmp/l3-saved-2820.13923.15135 2012-02-21 12:41:53.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/fstab 2012-02-21 12:42:17.000000000 +0200 @@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=bb265d24-4352-4b0a-aab1-6558f3b82697 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 -UUID=32f4a5bf-a5d7-401f-b005-a2b5abbdf9b1 /data ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 +# UUID=32f4a5bf-a5d7-401f-b005-a2b5abbdf9b1 /data ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 |
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda6 /dev/sdb6
mdadm: /dev/sda6 appears to contain an ext2fs file system size=4880576K mtime=Tue Feb 21 09:48:10 2012 mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? yes mdadm: /dev/md0 is already in use. |
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda6 /dev/sdb6
mdadm: /dev/sda6 appears to contain an ext2fs file system size=4880576K mtime=Tue Feb 21 09:48:10 2012 mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? yes mdadm: /dev/md0 is already in use. |
#mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda6 /dev/sdb6
mdadm: /dev/sda6 appears to contain an ext2fs file system size=4880576K mtime=Tue Feb 21 09:48:10 2012 mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? yes mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. |
#mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda6 /dev/sdb6
mdadm: /dev/sda6 appears to contain an ext2fs file system size=4880576K mtime=Tue Feb 21 09:48:10 2012 mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? yes mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. |
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md1 : active raid1 sdb6[1] sda6[0] 4879542 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid5 loop5[5](S) loop4[4] loop3[3] loop2[1] loop1[0] 3070464 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> |
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md1 : active raid1 sdb6[1] sda6[0] 4879542 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid5 loop5[5](S) loop4[4] loop3[3] loop2[1] loop1[0] 3070464 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> |
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 305216 inodes, 1219885 blocks 60994 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1249902592 38 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8032 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 305216 inodes, 1219885 blocks 60994 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1249902592 38 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8032 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
#vim /mnt/1.txt
--- /dev/null 2012-02-21 09:48:06.838147388 +0200 +++ /mnt/1.txt 2012-02-21 12:49:42.000000000 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +dfgdfgdfsg +dasfgdsfg |
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sda6[0] sdb6[1] 4879542 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> |
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sda6[0] sdb6[1] 4879542 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> |
#ping lib.ru
PING lib.ru (81.176.66.163) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C From 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.0.3.4) ^CFrom 10.0.35.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable ^CFrom 10.0.35.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable --- lib.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors, 100% packet loss, time 1008ms pipe 2 |
#ping lib.ru
PING lib.ru (81.176.66.163) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C From 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.0.3.4) ^CFrom 10.0.35.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable ^CFrom 10.0.35.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable --- lib.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors, 100% packet loss, time 1008ms pipe 2 |
#netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface ^C |
#netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface ^C |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#history|grep defa
143 sudo route add default gw 10.0.35.1 147 sudo route delete default gw 10.0.1.1 494 history|grep defa |
#history|grep defa
143 sudo route add default gw 10.0.35.1 147 sudo route delete default gw 10.0.1.1 494 history|grep defa |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#traceroute -n lib.ru
traceroute to lib.ru (81.176.66.163), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 10.0.35.44 3007.864 ms !H 3007.860 ms !H 3007.854 ms !H |
#traceroute -n lib.ru
traceroute to lib.ru (81.176.66.163), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 10.0.35.44 3007.864 ms !H 3007.860 ms !H 3007.854 ms !H |
#traceroute -n lib.ru
traceroute to lib.ru (81.176.66.163), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 10.0.35.44 3002.045 ms !H 3002.042 ms !H 3002.037 ms !H |
#traceroute -n lib.ru
traceroute to lib.ru (81.176.66.163), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 10.0.35.44 3002.045 ms !H 3002.042 ms !H 3002.037 ms !H |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.262 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.259 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.259/0.261/0.264/0.018 ms |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.262 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.259 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.259/0.261/0.264/0.018 ms |
#ping 10.0.1.1
PING 10.0.1.1 (10.0.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=128 time=4.20 ms From 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.0.1.1) 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=128 time=0.469 ms From 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.0.1.1) 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=128 time=0.641 ms From 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=4 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.0.1.1) 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=128 time=0.618 ms ^C --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.469/1.483/4.206/1.573 ms |
#ping 10.0.1.1
PING 10.0.1.1 (10.0.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=128 time=4.20 ms From 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.0.1.1) 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=128 time=0.469 ms From 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.0.1.1) 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=128 time=0.641 ms From 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=4 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.0.1.1) 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=128 time=0.618 ms ^C --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.469/1.483/4.206/1.573 ms |
#netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface ^C |
#netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface ^C |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=1.17 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.262 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.256 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=0.241 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=7 ttl=64 time=0.246 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, time 5998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.241/0.380/1.175/0.325 ms |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=1.17 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.262 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.256 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=0.241 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_req=7 ttl=64 time=0.246 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, time 5998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.241/0.380/1.175/0.325 ms |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping lib.ru
PING lib.ru (81.176.66.163) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=97.6 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=98.4 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=3 ttl=55 time=98.1 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=4 ttl=55 time=98.0 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=5 ttl=55 time=97.6 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=6 ttl=55 time=97.3 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=7 ttl=55 time=98.0 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=8 ttl=55 time=97.9 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=9 ttl=55 time=96.8 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=10 ttl=55 time=97.3 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=11 ttl=55 time=98.2 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=12 ttl=55 time=97.2 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=13 ttl=55 time=97.7 ms ^C --- lib.ru ping statistics --- 14 packets transmitted, 13 received, 7% packet loss, time 13017ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 96.838/97.740/98.479/0.540 ms |
#ping lib.ru
PING lib.ru (81.176.66.163) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=97.6 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=98.4 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=3 ttl=55 time=98.1 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=4 ttl=55 time=98.0 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=5 ttl=55 time=97.6 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=6 ttl=55 time=97.3 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=7 ttl=55 time=98.0 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=8 ttl=55 time=97.9 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=9 ttl=55 time=96.8 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=10 ttl=55 time=97.3 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=11 ttl=55 time=98.2 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=12 ttl=55 time=97.2 ms 64 bytes from lib.ru (81.176.66.163): icmp_req=13 ttl=55 time=97.7 ms ^C --- lib.ru ping statistics --- 14 packets transmitted, 13 received, 7% packet loss, time 13017ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 96.838/97.740/98.479/0.540 ms |
dfgdfgdfsg dasfgdsfg
Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sda6[0] sdb6[1] 4879542 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none>
Время первой команды журнала | 11:22:02 2012- 2-21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 13:08:17 2012- 2-21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 28.71 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 1.98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 0.76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 2.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008