Использование GRUB для загрузки FreeBSD
Материал из Xgu.ru
- Короткий URL: freebsd/grub
Источник: http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2004-May/006944.html
===================================================
######## How to Use Grub Bootloader on FreeBSD ########
######## <Jiafu He>jiafu_he at yahoo.com, 05/18/2004 ########
This mini-howto is written as a dummy introduction on how to get,
install, setup and use GNU/Grub bootloader on FreeBSD. If you need
more detailed information, go read the Grub mannual at
http://www.gnu.org/manual/grub/html_mono/grub.html
Note: UFS2 is supported starting from the verion Grub-0.94_3.
1. Obtaining Grub files:
To use Grub on FreeBSD UFS2, you need files "stage1", "stage2" and
"ufs2_stage1_5". To handle other types of file systems, you need
other stage 1.5 files like "ffs_stage1_5", "e2fs_stage1_5", or
"fat_stage1_5" etc.
You can obtain the files from either
i. the GNU/Grub website http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
ii. or FreeBSD Grub port. Grub-0.94_3 requires freebsd 5.2.1 or
current. To install Grub-0.94_3, do the following:
-------------------------------
#cd /usr/ports/sysutils/grub /* go to the grub freebsd port dir */
#make install clean /* install it */
-------------------------------
If all goes well, the Grub files are generated in directory
/usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd/ and the executable "grub" is
installed under /usr/local/sbin/
2. Installing Grub on UFS2 partition:
i. Create /boot/grub/ directory (or alternatively /grub/) on your HD
and copy files in it:
-----------------------------------------------
#cd /boot;mkdir grub
#cp -Rf /usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd grub
-----------------------------------------------
Make sure at least files "stage1" and "stage2" are under /boot/grub/. To be
complete, the pertinent stage 1.5 file (here "ufs2_stage1_5") is also needed.
ii. Create Grub boot floppy. You can either
a. using "dd" (recommended):
-----------------------------------------------
#dd if=stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 /* stage1 to block #1 */
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
#dd if=stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1 /* stage2 starting from block #2 */
153+1 records in
153+1 records out
#
-----------------------------------------------
b. or alternatively using Grub "setup" under FreeBSD:
-----------------------------------------------
#fdformat -f1440 /dev/fd0 /* low level format the floppy if you want to */
#newfs -LGrubBoot -O1 /dev/fd0 /* format into UFS1 */
#mount /dev/fd0 /mnt
#mkdir /mnt/boot
#cp -Rf /usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd /mnt/boot/grub
#touch /mnt/boot/grub/menu.lst /* touch and edit menu.lst, see step 3 */
#umount /mnt
#grub
grub> device (fd0) /dev/fd0 /* set the device map */
grub> root (fd0)
Filesystem type is ffs, using whole disk
grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 /* verify whether the required files are there */
(fd0)
grub> setup (fd0) /* setup the floppy */
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/ffs_stage1_5" exists... yes
Running "embed /boot/grub/ffs_stage1_5 (fd0)"... failed (this is not fatal)
Running "embed /boot/grub/ffs_stage1_5 (fd0)"... failed (this is not fatal)
Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (fd0) /boot/grub/stage2 p /boot/grub/menu.lst "
... succeeded
Done.
-----------------------------------------------
3. Touch and edit "/boot/grub/menu.lst". An example is given below, assuming that
- partition 0: Windows XP;
- partition 1: FreeBSD;
- partition 2: Linux.
-------------------------------------------
default saved # boot the last selection. Work together with savedefault below
timeout 10 # timeout 10 seconds
password --md5 $1$rEjBN0$0J06NigS.2ImTaipPOh0w/ # md5 passwd encryption: "testgrub"
# Boot Windows XP. You have to chainloading.
title Windows XP Professional # display boot title on the Grub prompt
root (hd0,0) # set the root device or partition
makeactive # set the partition active so that next time it can be automatically
# booted after timing-out
chainloader +1 # Here we have to chainload
savedefault # save this selection as the default for next bootstrap
# Boot FreeBSD
title FreeBSD 5.1_p16
root (hd0,1,a)
kernel /boot/loader # specify the kernel or kernel loader
makeactive
savedefault
# Boot Redhat Linux
title Redhat Linux
root (hd0,2)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14smp ro root=LABEL=/ hdc=ide-scsi
initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-14smp.img
makeactive
savedefault
# Install Grub on Slice 1 (the FreeBSD partition)
title Install Grub on FreeBSD (Slice 1)
root (hd0,1,a)
setup (hd0)
savedefault
---------------------------------------------
4. Install Grub to MBR on your hard disk (using grub native way):
i. Boot the machine using the floppy just created;
ii. on the Grub menu screen, you can either make use of the last menu entry
(see menu.lst above) or do the following:
-----------------------------------
:
(Grub menu screen)
:
p # password is needed since the password line is in config file.
password: testgrub
c # enter command prompt
Then you enter the command prompt:
grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 /* find which partition has Grub files */
(hd0,1,a) /* it will display the found parition */
grub> root (hd0,1,a)
Filesystem type is ufs2, partition type 0xa5
grub> setup (hd0) /* install Grub in MBR */
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists ... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists ... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/ufs2_stage1_5" exists ... yes
Running "embed /boot/grub/ufs2_stage1_5 (hd0)"... 16 sectors embeded.
succeeded
Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+16 p
(hd0,1,a)/boot/grub/stage2 /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
------------------------------------
5. Finally how to generate md5-encrypted password:
Enter any Grub command prompt:
grub> md5crypt /* call the md5 password encryption utility */
password: yourDesiredPassword /* passwd are replaced by same number of "*" */
EncryptedPassword /* encrypted password is returned here, put it in config file */
That is pretty much it. Enjoy!
########### End of MiniHowto: Grub on FreeBSD #############
Создание каталога grub:
mkdir /boot/grub/
Копирование файлов:
cp -Rpv /usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd/* /boot/grub/
Необходимо создать файл device.map:
cat /boot/grub/device.map (hd0) /dev/ad0
Так же необходимо создать конфигурационный файл загрузчика:
cat /boot/grub/menu.lst default=saved timeout=10 title FreeBSD 7.0-CURRENT-200710 root(hd1,0,a) kernel /boot/loader makeactive savedefault
Перед началом установки загрузчика в MBR, необходимо установить переменную:
sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16
Непосредственная установка:
# grub-install --no-floppy '(hd0)' Installation finished. No error reported. This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map. Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect, fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'. (hd0) /dev/ad0
Теперь перезагружаемся и проверяем:
reboot
И потом
Для страховки можно сохранить mbr на внешний накопитель:
dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/mnt/my_mbr.img bs=512 count=1 umount /mnt
- Загрузка ядра Freebsd через grub
Сначала было
Потом cp /boot/kernel/kernel /kernel_f и:
И потом "висим" :((
- Дополнительная информация к разделу:
| ОС FreeBSD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Печать | CUPS • IPP • LPR • LPD |  | |||
| Сеть | ipfw • NAT • mpd5 • squid • netgraph | ||||
| |||||
| |||||
