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Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Понедельник (09/10/07)

/dev/ttyp7
16:32:04
#ifconfig -a
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:32:06
#ifconfig -a
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:32:08
#ifconfig -a
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:32:09
#man route
16:35:34
#route print 
route: bad keyword: print
usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]
16:35:37
#man route
16:36:33
#man route
16:36:33
#man route
16:40:55
#man route
16:41:18
#route add 192.168.16.0 
route: writing to routing socket: Invalid argument
add net 192.168.16.0: Invalid argument
16:41:42
#route add 192.168.16.0 192.168.16.65
add net 192.168.16.0: gateway 192.168.16.65
16:43:09
#ping 192.168.16.1 
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:43:09
#ping 192.168.16.1 
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:43:25
#route 
usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]
16:43:25
#route 
usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]
16:43:28
#man route
16:43:42
#route get 192.168.16.0 
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:43:42
#route get 192.168.16.0 
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:43:42
#route get 192.168.16.0
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:46:08
#ping 192.168.16.1 
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:46:08
#ping 192.168.16.1 
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:48:47
#route get 
route: writing to routing socket: Invalid argument
16:48:47
#route get
route: writing to routing socket: Invalid argument
16:48:52
#route get 192.168.16.0 
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:48:52
#route get 192.168.16.0 
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:48:52
#route get 192.168.16.0 
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:48:52
#route get 192.168.16.0
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:48:59
#ifconfig 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:48:59
#ifconfig 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:48:59
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:49:14
#sysinstall 
        x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk        lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk        x
        x xfbsd2.unix.nt          x        xunix.nt           x        x
        x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj        mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj        x
        x  IPv4 Gateway:                    Name server:               x
        x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk               lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk          x
        x x                x               x192.168.16.126  x          x
        x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj               mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj          x
        x       lqqqqq Configuration for Interface xl0 qqqqqqqk        x
        x       x  IPv4 Address:            Netmask:          x        x
        x       x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk       lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x        x
        x       x x                x       x255.255.255.0   x x        x
        x       x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj       mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x        x
        x       x  Extra options to ifconfig (usually empty): x        x
        x       x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk       x        x
        x       x x                                   x       x        x
        x       mqmqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqjqqqqqqqj        x
        x                                                              x
        x              lqqqqqqk            lqqqqqqqqqqk                x
        x              x  OK  x            x  CANCEL  x                x
        mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqmqqqqqqjqqqqqqqqqqqqmqqqqqqqqqqjqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
16:49:14
#sysinstall
        x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk        lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk        x
        x xfbsd2.unix.nt          x        xunix.nt           x        x
        x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj        mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj        x
        x  IPv4 Gateway:                    Name server:               x
        x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk               lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk          x
        x x                x               x192.168.16.126  x          x
        x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj               mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj          x
        x       lqqqqq Configuration for Interface xl0 qqqqqqqk        x
        x       x  IPv4 Address:            Netmask:          x        x
        x       x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk       lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x        x
        x       x x                x       x255.255.255.0   x x        x
        x       x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj       mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x        x
        x       x  Extra options to ifconfig (usually empty): x        x
        x       x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk       x        x
        x       x x                                   x       x        x
        x       mqmqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqjqqqqqqqj        x
        x                                                              x
        x              lqqqqqqk            lqqqqqqqqqqk                x
        x              x  OK  x            x  CANCEL  x                x
        mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqmqqqqqqjqqqqqqqqqqqqmqqqqqqqqqqjqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
16:50:32
#ifconfig -a 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:50:32
#ifconfig -a
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:50:40
#vi /etc/rc.conf
23,25d22
< # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Mon Sep 10 16:50:31 2007
< ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.224"
< hostname="fbsd2.unix.nt"
16:51:07
#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=648).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
Additional routing options:.
16:51:13
#ping 192.168.16.1 
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:51:22
#ping 192.168.16.1 
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:51:22
#ping 192.168.16.1 
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:51:22
#ping 192.168.16.1 
PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:51:35
#route get 192.168.16.0 
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:51:35
#route get 192.168.16.0
   route to: 192.168.16.0
destination: 192.168.16.0
       mask: 255.255.255.0
    gateway: 192.168.16.65
  interface: em0
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0
16:51:43
#ifconfig 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:51:43
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:52:04
#ping 192.168.16.65 
PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:52:04
#ping 192.168.16.65 
PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:52:45
#ifconfig 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:52:45
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:52:51
#ping 192.168.15.180
PING 192.168.15.180 (192.168.15.180): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.15.180: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.298 ms
^X^C
--- 192.168.15.180 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.298/0.298/0.298/0.000 ms
16:53:20
#ping 192.168.16.65 
PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:53:20
#ping 192.168.16.65 
PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:53:20
#ping 192.168.16.65 
PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
ping: sendto: Invalid argument
^C
--- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
16:53:26
#ifconfig 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:53:26
#ifconfig 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:53:26
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
16:53:29
#arp -a 
host180.unix.nt (192.168.15.180) at 00:04:75:7f:23:26 on em0 [ethernet]
16:53:29
#arp -a
host180.unix.nt (192.168.15.180) at 00:04:75:7f:23:26 on em0 [ethernet]
16:53:37
#ifconfig xl0 192.168.16.126 netmask 255.255.255.192 










16:53:37




#ifconfig xl0 192.168.16.126 netmask 255.255.255.192












16:54:24




#ping 192.168.16.65





PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
^C
--- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 33% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.260/0.265/0.269/0.004 ms











16:54:24




#ping 192.168.16.65





PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
^C
--- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 33% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.260/0.265/0.269/0.004 ms











16:54:24




#ping 192.168.16.65


PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
^C
--- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 33% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.260/0.265/0.269/0.004 ms











16:54:32




#vim /etc/rc.conf





21c21
< ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.224"
---
> ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.192"









16:54:32




#vim /etc/rc.conf





21c21
< ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.224"
---
> ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.192"









16:54:32




#vim /etc/rc.conf


21c21
< ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.224"
---
> ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.192"









16:54:54




#tcpdump -i xl0 -n -p p





tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
16:55:53.819908 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 80, length 64
16:55:54.820863 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 81, length 64
16:55:55.821845 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 82, length 64
16:55:56.822831 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 83, length 64
16:55:57.823811 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 84, length 64
16:55:58.824793 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 85, length 64
16:55:59.825783 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 86, length 64
16:56:00.826780 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 87, length 64
16:56:01.827757 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 88, length 64
16:56:02.831534 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 89, length 64
16:56:03.835750 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 90, length 64
^C
11 packets captured
11 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











16:54:54




#tcpdump -i xl0 -n -p p


tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
16:55:53.819908 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 80, length 64
16:55:54.820863 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 81, length 64
16:55:55.821845 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 82, length 64
16:55:56.822831 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 83, length 64
16:55:57.823811 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 84, length 64
16:55:58.824793 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 85, length 64
16:55:59.825783 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 86, length 64
16:56:00.826780 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 87, length 64
16:56:01.827757 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 88, length 64
16:56:02.831534 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 89, length 64
16:56:03.835750 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.16.126: ICMP echo request, id 55153, seq 90, length 64
^C
11 packets captured
11 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











16:56:04




##oute add -net 192.168.16.0/26 192.168.16.65















16:56:04




##oute add -net 192.168.16.0/26 192.168.16.65















16:56:04




##oute add -net 192.168.16.0/26 192.168.16.65












16:56:29




#route -n





usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]











16:56:29




#route -n





usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]











16:56:29




#route -n





usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]











16:56:32




#netstat -rn





Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11633    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      438    em0   1180
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      201    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        1       52    xl0   1074
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0











16:56:32




#netstat -rn


Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11633    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      438    em0   1180
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      201    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        1       52    xl0   1074
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0











16:56:37




#route add -net 192.168.16.0/26 192.168.16.65





add net 192.168.16.0: gateway 192.168.16.65











16:56:37




#route add -net 192.168.16.0/26 192.168.16.65


add net 192.168.16.0: gateway 192.168.16.65











16:57:02




#ping 192.16.16.1





PING 192.16.16.1 (192.16.16.1): 56 data bytes
92 bytes from 10.0.35.1: Destination Host Unreachable
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 5400 3a04   0 0000  3e  01 a1f8 192.168.15.243  192.16.16.1
^C
--- 192.16.16.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss











16:57:02




#ping 192.16.16.1





PING 192.16.16.1 (192.16.16.1): 56 data bytes
92 bytes from 10.0.35.1: Destination Host Unreachable
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 5400 3a04   0 0000  3e  01 a1f8 192.168.15.243  192.16.16.1
^C
--- 192.16.16.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss











16:57:19




#ping 192.16816.1





PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.563 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.478 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.487 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.515 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.515 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=0.521 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.540 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=0.546 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=0.555 ms
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.478/0.524/0.563/0.028 ms











16:57:19




#ping 192.16816.1


PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.563 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.478 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.487 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.515 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.515 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=0.521 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.540 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=0.546 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=0.555 ms
^C
--- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.478/0.524/0.563/0.028 ms











16:57:30




#netstat -rn





Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11660    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      443    em0   1164
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0       35    xl0 =>
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      226    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        2       52    xl0   1012
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0











16:57:30




#netstat -rn


Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11660    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      443    em0   1164
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0       35    xl0 =>
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      226    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        2       52    xl0   1012
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0











16:57:39




#netstat -rn -f inet





Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11663    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      443    em0   1159
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0       35    xl0 =>
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      226    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        2       52    xl0   1007











16:57:39




#netstat -rn -f inet


Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11663    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      443    em0   1159
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0       35    xl0 =>
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      226    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        2       52    xl0   1007











16:58:02




#ifconfig





em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000











16:58:02




#ifconfig


em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.243 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000











16:58:11




#tcpdump -i em0 -p icmp -n





tcpdump: syntax error











16:58:11




#tcpdump -i em0 -p icmp -n





tcpdump: syntax error











16:58:51




#tcpdump -n em0 -p icmp





tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
^C
0 packets captured
0 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











16:58:51




#tcpdump -n em0 -p icmp


tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
^C
0 packets captured
0 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











16:59:01




#tcpdump -n -i xl0 icmp





tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
^C
0 packets captured
2 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











16:59:01




#tcpdump -n -i xl0 icmp


tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
^C
0 packets captured
2 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











16:59:23




#tcpdump -n -i xl0 -p icmp





tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
17:01:37.486435 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 5, length 64
17:01:38.487412 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 6, length 64
17:01:39.488398 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 7, length 64
17:01:40.035281 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.243: ICMP echo request, id 2588, seq 0, length 64
17:01:40.035318 IP 192.168.15.243 > 192.168.16.65: ICMP echo reply, id 2588, seq 0, length 64
17:01:40.489387 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 8, length 64
17:01:41.036266 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.243: ICMP echo request, id 2588, seq 1, length 64
17:01:41.036303 IP 192.168.15.243 > 192.168.16.65: ICMP echo reply, id 2588, seq 1, length 64
...
17:03:27.261846 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 42, length 64
17:03:27.862699 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 18, length 64
17:03:28.262824 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 43, length 64
17:03:28.863686 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 19, length 64
17:03:29.263800 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 44, length 64
17:03:29.864672 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 20, length 64
^C
117 packets captured
200 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











16:59:23




#tcpdump -n -i xl0 -p icmp





tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
17:01:37.486435 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 5, length 64
17:01:38.487412 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 6, length 64
17:01:39.488398 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 7, length 64
17:01:40.035281 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.243: ICMP echo request, id 2588, seq 0, length 64
17:01:40.035318 IP 192.168.15.243 > 192.168.16.65: ICMP echo reply, id 2588, seq 0, length 64
17:01:40.489387 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 8, length 64
17:01:41.036266 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.243: ICMP echo request, id 2588, seq 1, length 64
17:01:41.036303 IP 192.168.15.243 > 192.168.16.65: ICMP echo reply, id 2588, seq 1, length 64
...
17:03:27.261846 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 42, length 64
17:03:27.862699 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 18, length 64
17:03:28.262824 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 43, length 64
17:03:28.863686 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 19, length 64
17:03:29.263800 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 44, length 64
17:03:29.864672 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 20, length 64
^C
117 packets captured
200 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











16:59:23




#tcpdump -n -i xl0 -p icmp


tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
17:01:37.486435 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 5, length 64
17:01:38.487412 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 6, length 64
17:01:39.488398 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 7, length 64
17:01:40.035281 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.243: ICMP echo request, id 2588, seq 0, length 64
17:01:40.035318 IP 192.168.15.243 > 192.168.16.65: ICMP echo reply, id 2588, seq 0, length 64
17:01:40.489387 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 3186, seq 8, length 64
17:01:41.036266 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.243: ICMP echo request, id 2588, seq 1, length 64
17:01:41.036303 IP 192.168.15.243 > 192.168.16.65: ICMP echo reply, id 2588, seq 1, length 64
...
17:03:27.261846 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 42, length 64
17:03:27.862699 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 18, length 64
17:03:28.262824 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 43, length 64
17:03:28.863686 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 19, length 64
17:03:29.263800 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 44, length 64
17:03:29.864672 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 20, length 64
^C
117 packets captured
200 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











17:03:30




#netstat -rn





Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11723    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      450    em0   1106
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0       42    xl0 =>
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      226    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        2       70    xl0   1066
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0











17:03:30




#netstat -rn





Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11723    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      450    em0   1106
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0       42    xl0 =>
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      226    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        2       70    xl0   1066
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0











17:03:30




#netstat -rn


Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            192.168.15.180     UGS         1    11723    em0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.15         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.15.180     00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        2      450    em0   1106
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0       42    xl0 =>
192.168.16         192.168.16.65      UGS         0      226    em0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      00:07:e9:3c:2c:15  UHLW        2       70    xl0   1066
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0











17:03:34




#tcpdump -n -i xl0 -p icmp





tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
17:03:41.275529 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 56, length 64
17:03:41.876484 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 32, length 64
17:03:42.276504 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 57, length 64
17:03:42.877468 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 33, length 64
17:03:43.277481 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 58, length 64
17:03:43.878455 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 34, length 64
17:03:44.278459 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 59, length 64
17:03:44.879435 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 35, length 64
...
17:04:35.328292 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 110, length 64
17:04:35.610655 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 19, length 64
17:04:36.329263 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 111, length 64
17:04:36.611643 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 20, length 64
17:04:37.330246 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 112, length 64
17:04:37.612614 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 21, length 64
^C
108 packets captured
148 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel











17:03:34




#tcpdump -n -i xl0 -p icmp


tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
17:03:41.275529 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 56, length 64
17:03:41.876484 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 32, length 64
17:03:42.276504 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 57, length 64
17:03:42.877468 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 33, length 64
17:03:43.277481 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 58, length 64
17:03:43.878455 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 34, length 64
17:03:44.278459 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 59, length 64
17:03:44.879435 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 35, length 64
...
17:04:35.328292 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 110, length 64
17:04:35.610655 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 19, length 64
17:04:36.329263 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 111, length 64
17:04:36.611643 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 20, length 64
17:04:37.330246 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 112, length 64
17:04:37.612614 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 21, length 64
^C
108 packets captured
148 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel









Статистика
Время первой команды журнала16:32:04 2007- 9-10
Время последней команды журнала17:03:34 2007- 9-10
Количество командных строк в журнале101
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, %23.76
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % 0.00
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час 0.53
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 3.21
Частота использования команд
ping21|====================| 20.79%
route21|====================| 20.79%
ifconfig19|==================| 18.81%
tcpdump13|============| 12.87%
netstat9|========|  8.91%
man6|=====|  5.94%
#oute3|==|  2.97%
vim3|==|  2.97%
arp2|=|  1.98%
sysinstall2|=|  1.98%
vi1||  0.99%
/etc/netstart1||  0.99%
____
*) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются
Справка
    Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного:
    всё происходит само собой.
    Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов
    было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:
    
    
    
  1.  
    В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
    
    2. 
    
  2. 
    Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, 
    и команды записываются, дайте команду w.
    В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, 
    должна быть указана программа script.
    
    3. 
    
  3. 
    Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, 
    выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:

    

    


    $ l s-l
    

    bash: l: command not found

    
    		

    

    

    
    
    4. 
    
  4. 
    Если код завершения команды равен нулю, 
    команда была выполнена без ошибок.
    Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.

    

    


    $ test 5 -lt 4
    

    		

    

    
    Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля
    не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой.
    Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

    
    
    5. 
    
  5. 
    Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.

    

    


    $ find / -name abc
    

    find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung
^C

    
    		

    

    

    
    
    6. 
    
  6. 
    Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя,
    выделяются слева красной чертой.

    

    


    # id
    

    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)

    
    		

    

    
    
    
    
    7. 
    
  7. 
    Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, 
    запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed.
    Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки,
    начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.

    

    


    $ vi ~/.bashrc
    

    2a3,5
>    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
>         . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion
>        fi

    		

    

    
    
    
    
    8. 
    
  8. 
    Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте
    изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch.
    Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в
    качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения,
    и всавить скопированный текст:

    

    


    $ patch ~/.bashrc
    
    		

    

    
    В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc
    
    9. 
    
  9. 
    Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, 
    нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое
    описание команды.
    
    
    
    
    Если справочная информация о команде есть, 
    команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi.
    Если справочная информация отсутствует,
    команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe.
    Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, 
    если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно;
    (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo.
    Последнее возможно для редких команд.
    
    10. 
    
  10. 
    Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше 
    всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer.
    В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, 
    а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
    
    11. 
    
  11. 
    Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени 
    начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, 
    когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
    
    12. 
    
  12. 
    Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке.
    Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал
    текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
    
    13. 
    
  13. 
    Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала,
    таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить.
    Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом
    вверху страницы.
    
    14. 
    
  14. 
    Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки.
    Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v.
    Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий:
    ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей.
    Например, если в командной строке было введено:

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    $ #^ Интересно, кто я?

    
    в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
    

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    

      Интересно, кто я?
     
     
    
    15. 
    
  15. 
    Если комментарий содержит несколько строк,
    его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    $ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?

    

    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
-
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
в этом мире.

    
    В журнале это будет выглядеть так:

    

    


    $ whoami
    

    user

    

    Интересно, кто я?
    
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
    
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
    

    
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
    
в этом мире.
    

    
    		

    

    
    Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой
    используйте символ "-", один в строке.
    
    

    16. 
    
  16. 
    Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, 
    добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v 
    нужно использовать символы #=
    
    17. 

    
  17. 
    Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале.
    Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat.
    Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, 
    содержимое файла будет показано в журнале
    в специально отведённой для этого секции.
    
    18. 

    
    
    
  18. 
    Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал,
    нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot.
    После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое
    должно быть в журнале.
    
    19. 
    
    

    
    
    
  19. 
    Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке.
    Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах,
    в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения.

    1
    2
3   
    4

    
    Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
    Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
    Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, 
    нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
    
    20. 
    
    



О программе
    

    LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.

    Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.

    (c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

    

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