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Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Понедельник (09/10/07)

/dev/ttyp7
17:03:34
#tcpdump -n -i xl0 -p icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on xl0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
17:03:41.275529 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 56, length 64
17:03:41.876484 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 32, length 64
17:03:42.276504 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 57, length 64
17:03:42.877468 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 33, length 64
17:03:43.277481 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 58, length 64
17:03:43.878455 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 34, length 64
17:03:44.278459 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 59, length 64
17:03:44.879435 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 6770, seq 35, length 64
...
17:04:35.328292 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 110, length 64
17:04:35.610655 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 19, length 64
17:04:36.329263 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 111, length 64
17:04:36.611643 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 20, length 64
17:04:37.330246 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.16.180: ICMP echo request, id 8732, seq 112, length 64
17:04:37.612614 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 21, length 64
^C
108 packets captured
148 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
17:04:38
#vi /etc/sysctl.conf
17:04:52
#sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 -> 1
17:04:52
#sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 -> 1
17:05:08
#tcpdump -n -i xl0 -p icmp 
17:07:01.760320 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 165, length 64
17:07:02.322935 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 91, length 64
17:07:02.761301 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 166, length 64
17:07:03.323914 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 92, length 64
17:07:03.762286 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 167, length 64
17:07:04.324888 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 93, length 64
17:07:04.763271 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 168, length 64
17:07:05.325864 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 94, length 64
17:07:05.764253 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 169, length 64
17:07:06.326842 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 95, length 64
...
17:08:11.390357 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 160, length 64
17:08:11.837193 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 235, length 64
17:08:12.391333 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 161, length 64
17:08:12.391663 IP 192.168.15.180 > 192.168.16.65: ICMP echo reply, id 12316, seq 161, length 64
17:08:12.838179 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 236, length 64
17:08:12.838503 IP 192.168.15.180 > 192.168.16.1: ICMP echo reply, id 12146, seq 236, length 64
^C
327 packets captured
449 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
17:05:08
#tcpdump -n -i xl0 -p icmp
17:07:01.760320 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 165, length 64
17:07:02.322935 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 91, length 64
17:07:02.761301 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 166, length 64
17:07:03.323914 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 92, length 64
17:07:03.762286 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 167, length 64
17:07:04.324888 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 93, length 64
17:07:04.763271 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 168, length 64
17:07:05.325864 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 94, length 64
17:07:05.764253 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 169, length 64
17:07:06.326842 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 95, length 64
...
17:08:11.390357 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 160, length 64
17:08:11.837193 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 235, length 64
17:08:12.391333 IP 192.168.16.65 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12316, seq 161, length 64
17:08:12.391663 IP 192.168.15.180 > 192.168.16.65: ICMP echo reply, id 12316, seq 161, length 64
17:08:12.838179 IP 192.168.16.1 > 192.168.15.180: ICMP echo request, id 12146, seq 236, length 64
17:08:12.838503 IP 192.168.15.180 > 192.168.16.1: ICMP echo reply, id 12146, seq 236, length 64
^C
327 packets captured
449 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
17:08:18
#ping 195.250.64.65 
PING 195.250.64.65 (195.250.64.65): 56 data bytes
92 bytes from 10.0.17.1: Destination Host Unreachable
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 5400 3b2f   0 0000  3f  01 6ba3 192.168.15.243  195.250.64.65
92 bytes from 10.0.17.1: Destination Host Unreachable
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 5400 3b32   0 0000  3f  01 6ba0 192.168.15.243  195.250.64.65
92 bytes from 10.0.17.1: Destination Host Unreachable
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 5400 3b33   0 0000  3f  01 6b9f 192.168.15.243  195.250.64.65
^C
--- 195.250.64.65 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:08:18
#ping 195.250.64.65 
PING 195.250.64.65 (195.250.64.65): 56 data bytes
92 bytes from 10.0.17.1: Destination Host Unreachable
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 5400 3b2f   0 0000  3f  01 6ba3 192.168.15.243  195.250.64.65
92 bytes from 10.0.17.1: Destination Host Unreachable
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 5400 3b32   0 0000  3f  01 6ba0 192.168.15.243  195.250.64.65
92 bytes from 10.0.17.1: Destination Host Unreachable
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 5400 3b33   0 0000  3f  01 6b9f 192.168.15.243  195.250.64.65
^C
--- 195.250.64.65 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
прошло 10 минут
17:18:30
#vi /etc/rc.conf 
11c11
< ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
---
> ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
21c21
< ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.192"
---
> #ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.192"
17:18:30
#vi /etc/rc.conf
11c11
< ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
---
> ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
21c21
< ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.192"
---
> #ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.126  netmask 255.255.255.192"
17:23:35
#vi /etc/rc.conf 
11a12
> defaulrouter="192.168.15.180"
17:23:35
#vi /etc/rc.conf
11a12
> defaulrouter="192.168.15.180"
17:25:24
#/etc/netstart 
devd already running? (pid=648).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
Additional routing options:.
17:25:24
#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=648).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
Additional routing options:.
17:25:29
#ifconfig -a 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
17:25:29
#ifconfig -a
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
17:25:39
#ifconfig -a 
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
17:25:39
#ifconfig -a
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
17:26:50
#ping 192.168.15.240 
PING 192.168.15.240 (192.168.15.240): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
^C
--- 192.168.15.240 ping statistics ---
13 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:26:50
#ping 192.168.15.240 
PING 192.168.15.240 (192.168.15.240): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
ping: sendto: Host is down
^C
--- 192.168.15.240 ping statistics ---
13 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:30:46
#vi /etc/rc.conf
17:30:46
#vi /etc/rc.conf
17:31:01
#/etc/netstart 
devd already running? (pid=648).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
Additional routing options:.
17:31:01
#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=648).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
Additional routing options:.
17:31:09
#ping 192.168.15.240 
PING 192.168.15.240 (192.168.15.240): 56 data bytes
^C
--- 192.168.15.240 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:31:15
#ping 192.168.15.180 
PING 192.168.15.180 (192.168.15.180): 56 data bytes
^C
--- 192.168.15.180 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:31:19
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect
        status: no carrier
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
17:31:22
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
17:31:44
#ping 192.168.15.240
PING 192.168.15.240 (192.168.15.240): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.15.240: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.518 ms
^C
--- 192.168.15.240 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 50% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.518/0.518/0.518/0.000 ms
17:31:48
#vi /etc/rc.conf 
11,12c11,12
< ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
< defaulrouter="192.168.15.180"
---
> ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.22.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
> defaulrouter="192.168.22.2"
17:31:48
#vi /etc/rc.conf
11,12c11,12
< ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.15.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
< defaulrouter="192.168.15.180"
---
> ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.22.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
> defaulrouter="192.168.22.2"
17:34:38
#/etc/netstart 
devd already running? (pid=648).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.22.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.22.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
Additional routing options:.
17:34:38
#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=648).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.22.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.22.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
Additional routing options:.
17:34:42
#vi /etc/rc.conf
17:34:42
#vi /etc/rc.conf
17:39:38
#ping 192.168.22.2 
PING 192.168.22.2 (192.168.22.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.580 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.360 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.270/0.403/0.580/0.130 ms
17:39:38
#ping 192.168.22.2
PING 192.168.22.2 (192.168.22.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.580 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.360 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.270/0.403/0.580/0.130 ms
17:40:11
#fstab 
bash: fstab: command not found
17:40:11
#fstab 
bash: fstab: command not found
17:41:07
#du 
2       ./gdm
444     .
17:41:07
#du
2       ./gdm
444     .
17:41:13
#df 
Filesystem  1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a   2025328   60548  1802754     3%    /
devfs               1       1        0   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s2f   5077038    2190  4668686     0%    /home
/dev/ad0s2e    507630    2676   464344     1%    /tmp
/dev/ad0s2g  15231278 3485612 10527164    25%    /usr
/dev/ad0s2d   3014286   27458  2745686     1%    /var
17:41:13
#df
Filesystem  1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a   2025328   60548  1802754     3%    /
devfs               1       1        0   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s2f   5077038    2190  4668686     0%    /home
/dev/ad0s2e    507630    2676   464344     1%    /tmp
/dev/ad0s2g  15231278 3485612 10527164    25%    /usr
/dev/ad0s2d   3014286   27458  2745686     1%    /var
17:41:14
#ping 192.168.232 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:41:14
#ping 192.168.232 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:10
#ping 192.168.23.1 
PING 192.168.23.1 (192.168.23.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:10
#ping 192.168.23.1 
PING 192.168.23.1 (192.168.23.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:15
#ping 192.168.241 
PING 192.168.24.1 (192.168.24.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.24.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:15
#ping 192.168.241 
PING 192.168.24.1 (192.168.24.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.24.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:20
#ping 192.168.24.2 
PING 192.168.24.2 (192.168.24.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.24.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:20
#ping 192.168.24.2 
PING 192.168.24.2 (192.168.24.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.24.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:34
#ping 192.168.232 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:34
#ping 192.168.232 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:40
#ping 192.168.222 
PING 192.168.22.2 (192.168.22.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.273 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.273/0.286/0.300/0.014 ms
17:42:40
#ping 192.168.222
PING 192.168.22.2 (192.168.22.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.273 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.273/0.286/0.300/0.014 ms
17:42:48
#ping 192.168.23.2 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:48
#ping 192.168.23.2 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:56
#ping 192.168.24.2 
PING 192.168.24.2 (192.168.24.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^Cping: sendto: No route to host
--- 192.168.24.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:42:56
#ping 192.168.24.2 
PING 192.168.24.2 (192.168.24.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^Cping: sendto: No route to host
--- 192.168.24.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:00
#ping 192.168.23.1 
PING 192.168.23.1 (192.168.23.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:00
#ping 192.168.23.1 
PING 192.168.23.1 (192.168.23.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:09
#ping 192.168.24.2 
PING 192.168.24.2 (192.168.24.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.24.2 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:09
#ping 192.168.24.2 
PING 192.168.24.2 (192.168.24.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.24.2 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:21
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.22.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.22.255
        ether 00:07:e9:3c:29:9e
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.16.126 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127
        ether 00:01:02:b4:61:97
        media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
        status: no carrier
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
17:43:24
#ping 192.168.22.2 
PING 192.168.22.2 (192.168.22.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.388 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.336 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.336/0.362/0.388/0.026 ms
17:43:24
#ping 192.168.22.2
PING 192.168.22.2 (192.168.22.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.388 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.336 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.336/0.362/0.388/0.026 ms
17:43:34
#ping 192.168.23.1 
PING 192.168.23.1 (192.168.23.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:34
#ping 192.168.23.1 
PING 192.168.23.1 (192.168.23.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:38
#ping 192.168.241 
PING 192.168.24.1 (192.168.24.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.24.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:38
#ping 192.168.241 
PING 192.168.24.1 (192.168.24.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.24.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:42
#ping 192.168.22 
PING 192.168.22.1 (192.168.22.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.055/0.066/0.077/0.011 ms
17:43:42
#ping 192.168.22
PING 192.168.22.1 (192.168.22.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.055/0.066/0.077/0.011 ms
17:43:46
#ping 192.168.23.2 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
...
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
47 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:43:46
#ping 192.168.23.2 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
...
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
47 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:44:51
#ping 192.168.222 
PING 192.168.22.2 (192.168.22.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=7.259 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.297 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.304 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.328 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.251 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.276 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.287 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.307 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.330 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.352 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.272 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.2 ping statistics ---
13 packets transmitted, 13 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.251/0.831/7.259/1.856 ms
17:44:51
#ping 192.168.222
PING 192.168.22.2 (192.168.22.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=7.259 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.297 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.304 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.328 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.251 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.276 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.287 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.307 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.330 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.352 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.22.2: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.272 ms
^C
--- 192.168.22.2 ping statistics ---
13 packets transmitted, 13 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.251/0.831/7.259/1.856 ms
17:45:08
#ping 192.168.23.2 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:45:08
#ping 192.168.23.2 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:45:19
#route get 
route: writing to routing socket: Invalid argument
17:45:19
#route get
route: writing to routing socket: Invalid argument
17:45:24
#vi /etc/rc.conf
17:45:24
#vi /etc/rc.conf
17:45:56
#route show 
route: bad keyword: show
usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]
17:45:56
#route show 
route: bad keyword: show
usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]
17:46:00
#man route
17:46:00
#man route
17:46:09
#man route
17:46:09
#man route
17:46:27
#ping 192.168.23.2 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
17:46:32
#netstat -rn 
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0      165    xl0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      link#2             UHLW        2      309    xl0
192.168.22         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.22.1       00:07:e9:3c:29:9e  UHLW        1        4    lo0
192.168.22.2       00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        1       35    em0   1184
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
17:46:32
#netstat -rn
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
192.168.16/26      192.168.16.65      UGS         0      165    xl0
192.168.16.64/26   link#2             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.16.65      link#2             UHLW        2      309    xl0
192.168.22         link#1             UC          0        0    em0
192.168.22.1       00:07:e9:3c:29:9e  UHLW        1        4    lo0
192.168.22.2       00:04:75:7f:23:26  UHLW        1       35    em0   1184
Internet6:
Destination                       Gateway                       Flags      Netif Expire
::1                               ::1                           UHL         lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                     fe80::1%lo0                   U           lo0
fe80::1%lo0                       link#4                        UHL         lo0
ff01:4::/32                       fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
ff02::%lo0/32                     fe80::1%lo0                   UC          lo0
17:46:39
#route add default gw 192.168.22.2 
route: bad address: gw
17:47:03
#route add default 2.168.22.2 
add net default: gateway 192.168.22.2
17:47:03
#route add default 2.168.22.2
add net default: gateway 192.168.22.2
17:47:12
#ping 192.168.23.2 
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.23.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.336 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.23.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.23.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.269/0.295/0.336/0.029 ms
17:47:12
#ping 192.168.23.2
PING 192.168.23.2 (192.168.23.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.23.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.336 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.23.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.23.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms
^C
--- 192.168.23.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.269/0.295/0.336/0.029 ms
17:47:20
#/etc/r 
rc.d/       rc.resume   rc.suspend  rmt
17:47:20
#/etc/r 
rc.d/       rc.resume   rc.suspend  rmt
17:47:20
#sh /etc/r 
rc                rc.firewall6      rc.subr           rmt
rc.bsdextended    rc.initdiskless   rc.suspend        rpc
rc.conf           rc.resume         remote
rc.d/             rc.sendmail       resolv.conf
rc.firewall       rc.shutdown       resolv.conf.save
17:47:20
#sh /etc/ 
X11/                 login.conf           protocols
aliases              login.conf.db        pwd.db
amd.map              mac.conf             rc
apmd.conf            mail/                rc.bsdextended
auth.conf            mail.rc              rc.conf
bluetooth/           make.conf            rc.d/
crontab              manpath.config       rc.firewall
csh.cshrc            manpath.config.bak   rc.firewall6
csh.login            master.passwd        rc.initdiskless
csh.logout           motd                 rc.resume
...
dhclient.conf        netstart             rc.suspend
disktab              network.subr         remote
dumpdates            networks             resolv.conf
fbtab                newsyslog.conf       resolv.conf.save
freebsd-update.conf  nsmb.conf            rmt
fstab                nsswitch.conf        rpc
ftpusers             ntp/                 security/
gettytab             opieaccess           services
gnats/               opiekeys             shells
group                pam.d/               skel/
17:47:20
#vim /etc/network

Статистика

Время первой команды журнала17:03:34 2007- 9-10
Время последней команды журнала17:47:20 2007- 9-10
Количество командных строк в журнале101
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, %36.63
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % 1.98
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час 0.73
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 2.31
Частота использования команд
ping46|=============================================| 45.54%
vi13|============| 12.87%
ifconfig7|======| 6.93%
route7|======| 6.93%
/etc/netstart6|=====| 5.94%
man4|===| 3.96%
tcpdump3|==| 2.97%
sh2|=| 1.98%
netstat2|=| 1.98%
df2|=| 1.98%
sysctl2|=| 1.98%
/etc/r2|=| 1.98%
fstab2|=| 1.98%
du2|=| 1.98%
vim1|| 0.99%
____
*) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются

Справка

Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного: всё происходит само собой. Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:

  1. В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.

  2. Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.

  3. Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом: 
    $ l s-l
    bash: l: command not found

  4. Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом. 
    $ test 5 -lt 4
    Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой. Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

  5. Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом. 
    $ find / -name abc
    find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung
^C

  6. Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой. 
    # id
    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)

  7. Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены. 
    $ vi ~/.bashrc
    2a3,5
>    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
>         . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion
>        fi

  8. Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст: 
    $ patch ~/.bashrc
    В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc

  9. Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.

    Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.

  10. Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.

  11. Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора

  12. Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.

  13. Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.

  14. Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено: 

    $ whoami

    user

    $ #^ Интересно, кто я?
    в журнале это будет выглядеть так: 
    $ whoami

    user
    Интересно, кто я?

  15. Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом: 

    $ whoami

    user

    $ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?

    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
-
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
в этом мире.
    В журнале это будет выглядеть так: 
    $ whoami
    user
    Интересно, кто я?
    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
    мы зарегистрировались в системе.

    Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
    в этом мире.
    Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой используйте символ "-", один в строке.

  16. Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=

  17. Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале. Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat. Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, содержимое файла будет показано в журнале в специально отведённой для этого секции.

  18. Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал, нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot. После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое должно быть в журнале.

  19. Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке. Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах, в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения. 
    1
    2
3   
    4
    Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.


О программе

LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

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