/l3/users/13-02-2012/NT-Lnet/debian1.net.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 |
|
#screen -x
|
#exit
no exit |
#una
unalias uname |
#una
unalias uname |
#vim ~/.bashrc
|
#~
|
#ssh root@192.168.13.253
The authenticity of host '192.168.13.253 (192.168.13.253)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 19:78:77:30:35:8e:bb:de:44:04:76:4b:07:da:29:d0. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes root@fobos:~# ps aux|grep bash root 4291 0.0 0.0 6992 3788 pts/2 Ss 09:07 0:00 /bin/bash root 11988 0.0 0.0 6904 3564 pts/0 Ss+ 12:01 0:00 -bash root 12032 0.0 0.0 6976 3760 pts/2 S 12:02 0:00 bash root 12256 0.4 0.0 6964 3752 pts/8 Ss 12:16 0:00 -bash root 12326 0.0 0.0 3892 796 pts/8 S+ 12:18 0:00 grep bash root@fobos:~# root@fobos:~# root@fobos:~# exit logout Connection to 192.168.13.253 closed. |
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01 inet addr:192.168.13.1 Bcast:192.168.13.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2647 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2150 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:235248 (229.7 KiB) TX bytes:300435 (293.3 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:560 (560.0 B) TX bytes:560 (560.0 B) |
#ssh root@192.168.13.23
The authenticity of host '192.168.13.23 (192.168.13.23)' can't be established. DSA key fingerprint is 0a:54:02:23:35:67:a7:44:31:e7:ae:ec:12:e3:bb:31. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.13.23' (DSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: Last login: Sun Feb 12 17:12:37 2012 from 192.168.13.253 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE (GENERIC) #1: Sun Feb 12 15:17:17 EET 2012 Welcome to FreeBSD! ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. Removing stale pidfile |
#dmesg |grep eth0
[ 7.950302] eth0: RTL-8139C+ at 0xe0a3a000, 00:16:3e:00:00:01, IRQ 5 [ 40.884324] eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x05E1 [ 51.184041] eth0: no IPv6 routers present |
#mii-tool
eth0: no autonegotiation, 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth1' failed: Invalid argument SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth2' failed: Invalid argument |
#ssh root@itk.org.ua
The authenticity of host 'itk.org.ua (89.184.65.171)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 99:94:6e:78:20:46:5d:12:70:d8:95:a8:73:9c:72:08. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yts Please type 'yes' or 'no': yes Warning: Permanently added 'itk.org.ua,89.184.65.171' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@itk.org.ua's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@itk.org.ua's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@itk.org.ua's password: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password). |
#ssh root@itk.org.ua
root@itk.org.ua's password: |
#ssh itk@itk.org.ua
itk@itk.org.ua's password: Last login: Thu Feb 2 12:42:07 2012 from 77.88.206.214 [itk@itk ~]$ [itk@itk ~]$ [itk@itk ~]$ Connection to itk.org.ua closed. |
#mii-tool
eth0: no autonegotiation, 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth1' failed: Invalid argument SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth2' failed: Invalid argument |
#ssh root@192.168.13.23
Password: Last login: Mon Feb 13 14:20:15 2012 from 192.168.13.253 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE (GENERIC) #1: Sun Feb 12 15:17:17 EET 2012 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section for your release first as it's updated frequently. ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. Removing stale pidfile |
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01 inet addr:192.168.13.1 Bcast:192.168.13.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4442 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3845 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:422942 (413.0 KiB) TX bytes:547405 (534.5 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:560 (560.0 B) TX bytes:560 (560.0 B) |
#ifconfig eth2
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:02:01 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:11 Base address:0x2200 |
#ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01 inet addr:192.168.13.1 Bcast:192.168.13.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4533 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3917 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:429615 (419.5 KiB) TX bytes:559861 (546.7 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 ... RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:11 Base address:0x2200 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:560 (560.0 B) TX bytes:560 (560.0 B) |
#ifconfig -a|less
|
#ifconfig eth1 192.168.14.1
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 inet addr:192.168.14.1 Bcast:192.168.14.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe100 |
#ifconfig eth1 10.0.1.1
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 inet addr:10.0.1.1 Bcast:10.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe100 |
#ifconfig eth1 10.0.1.1 netmask 255.240.0.0
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 inet addr:10.0.1.1 Bcast:10.15.255.255 Mask:255.240.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe100 |
#ping 10.0.1.1
PING 10.0.1.1 (10.0.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.025 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.024 ms ^C --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.024/0.027/0.032/0.003 ms |
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01 inet addr:192.168.13.1 Bcast:192.168.13.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5179 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4431 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:479760 (468.5 KiB) TX bytes:631745 (616.9 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 ... RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe100 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) |
#ifconfig eth2 up
|
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01 inet addr:192.168.13.1 Bcast:192.168.13.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5310 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4535 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:488319 (476.8 KiB) TX bytes:649009 (633.7 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 ... RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:238 (238.0 B) Interrupt:11 Base address:0x2200 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) |
#ifconfig eth2 down
|
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01 inet addr:192.168.13.1 Bcast:192.168.13.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5372 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4586 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:492480 (480.9 KiB) TX bytes:660879 (645.3 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 ... RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe100 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) |
#uptime
12:36:53 up 3:28, 4 users, load average: 1.22, 0.87, 0.53 |
#uptime -w
usage: uptime [-V] -V display version |
#uptime -v
usage: uptime [-V] -V display version |
#man uptime
|
#man man
|
#ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01 inet addr:192.168.13.1 Bcast:192.168.13.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6131 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5260 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:546327 (533.5 KiB) TX bytes:838467 (818.8 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 ... RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:11 Base address:0x2200 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) |
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01 inet addr:192.168.13.1 Bcast:192.168.13.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5289 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:548423 (535.5 KiB) TX bytes:847293 (827.4 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 ... RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe100 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1064 (1.0 KiB) |
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 inet addr:10.0.1.1 Bcast:10.15.255.255 Mask:255.240.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe100 |
#ifconfig eth1 192.168.16.1/24
|
#ifconfig eth1 192.168.16.1/28
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01 inet addr:192.168.16.1 Bcast:192.168.16.15 Mask:255.255.255.240 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe100 |
#ifconfig eth2 192.168.33.1/24
|
#pign 192.168.33.2
bash: pign: команда не найдена |
#ping 192.168.33.2
PING 192.168.33.2 (192.168.33.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.33.2: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=1.04 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.33.2: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=1.30 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.33.2: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=1.69 ms ^C --- 192.168.33.2 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.046/1.349/1.697/0.267 ms |
#passwd
backup games list news sshd user bin gnats lp nobody statd uucp daemon irc mail proxy sync www-data Debian-exim libuuid man root sys |
#iptables -t nat -A
OUTPUT POSTROUTING PREROUTING |
#iptables -t nat -A
OUTPUT POSTROUTING PREROUTING |
#clear
|
#ssh root@192.168.13.23
Password: Last login: Mon Feb 13 14:27:39 2012 from 192.168.13.253 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE (GENERIC) #1: Sun Feb 12 15:17:17 EET 2012 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section for your release first as it's updated frequently. ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. Removing stale pidfile |
#vim /etc/network/interfaces
|
#man interfaces
|
#vim /etc/network/interfaces
|
#[Command Line] 4,0-1 Весь
|
#ls /etc/network
if-down.d if-post-down.d if-pre-up.d if-up.d interfaces run |
#vim /etc/netstart
|
#ssh root@192.168.13.23
Password: Last login: Mon Feb 13 16:00:35 2012 from 192.168.13.253 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE (GENERIC) #1: Sun Feb 12 15:17:17 EET 2012 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section for your release first as it's updated frequently. ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. Removing stale pidfile |
#if
if ifconfig ifdown ifup |
#if
if ifconfig ifdown ifup |
#ifup eth2
Ignoring unknown interface eth2=eth2. |
#ifdown eth2
ifdown: interface eth2 not configured |
#rm -rf /
rm: опасно рекурсивно обрабатывать «/» rm: используйте --no-preserve-root, чтобы отменить предупреждение об опасности |
#ssh root@192.168.13.23
Password: Password: Last login: Mon Feb 13 16:03:18 2012 from 192.168.13.253 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE (GENERIC) #1: Sun Feb 12 15:17:17 EET 2012 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. Removing stale pidfile |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:00:03 inet 192.168.13.23 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.13.255 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:01:03 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:02:03 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> metric 0 mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2011 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE #1: Sun Feb 12 15:17:17 EET 2012 root@fbsd.net.nt:/usr/src/sys/i386/compile/GENERIC i386 Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2746.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Family = 6 Model = f Stepping = 11 Features=0x1781fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... device_attach: ums0 attach returned 6 Timecounter "TSC" frequency 2746529962 Hz quality 800 Timecounters tick every 10.000 msec ipfw2 (+ipv6) initialized, divert enabled, nat loadable, rule-based forwarding enabled, default to accept, logging limited to 500 packets/entry by default ad0: 15360MB <QEMU HARDDISK 0.10.2> at ata0-master WDMA2 Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ad0s1a WARNING: / was not properly dismounted WARNING: /tmp was not properly dismounted WARNING: /usr was not properly dismounted WARNING: /var was not properly dismounted |
#dmesg|grep re0
re0: <RealTek 8139C+ 10/100BaseTX> port 0xc100-0xc1ff mem 0xf3001000-0xf30010ff irq 5 at device 4.0 on pci0 re0: Chip rev. 0x74800000 re0: MAC rev. 0x00000000 miibus0: <MII bus> on re0 re0: Ethernet address: 00:16:4e:00:00:03 re0: [FILTER] |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:00:03 inet 192.168.13.23 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.13.255 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:01:03 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:02:03 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> metric 0 mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#exit
exit Connection to 192.168.13.23 closed. |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:00:03 inet 192.168.13.23 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.13.255 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:01:03 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether 00:16:4e:00:02:03 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> metric 0 mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#exit
exit Connection to 192.168.13.23 closed. |
#netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface localnet * 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.33.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 192.168.13.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.13.253 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#netstat -r -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.33.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.13.253 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface localnet * 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.33.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 192.168.13.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.13.253 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#netstat
Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:ssh 192.168.13.253:3575 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:ssh 192.168.13.253:40779 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:ssh 192.168.13.253:3598 ESTABLISHED Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 6 [ ] DGRAM 3396 /dev/log unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1897 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4319 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4318 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 4317 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 4222 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 3876 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 3420 unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 1902 unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 1901 |
#netstat -nlp
Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1216/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1266/exim4 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50158 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 798/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 786/portmap tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1216/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1266/exim4 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:974 0.0.0.0:* 798/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 786/portmap udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:55425 0.0.0.0:* 798/rpc.statd Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 3424 966/acpid /var/run/acpid.socket |
#netstat -p
Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:ssh 192.168.13.253:3575 ESTABLISHED 1447/sshd: user [pr tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:ssh 192.168.13.253:40779 ESTABLISHED 1315/0 tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:ssh 192.168.13.253:3598 ESTABLISHED 1445/2 Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 6 [ ] DGRAM 3396 943/rsyslogd /dev/log unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1897 238/udevd @/org/kernel/udev/udevd unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4319 1447/sshd: user [pr unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4318 1503/4 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 4317 1447/sshd: user [pr unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 4222 1445/2 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 3876 1315/0 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 3420 966/acpid unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 1902 238/udevd unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 1901 238/udevd |
#netstat -l
Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:50158 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1%3216897240:smtp [::]:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:974 *:* udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* udp 0 0 *:55425 *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 3424 /var/run/acpid.socket |
#ssh root@192.168.13.23
Password: Last login: Mon Feb 13 16:09:52 2012 from 192.168.13.253 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE (GENERIC) #1: Sun Feb 12 15:17:17 EET 2012 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section for your release first as it's updated frequently. ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. Removing stale pidfile |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
|
#ping 10.0.17.1
PING 10.0.17.1 (10.0.17.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.599 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.17.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.497 ms ^C --- 10.0.17.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.497/0.548/0.599/0.051 ms |
#ping 10.0.23.1
PING 10.0.23.1 (10.0.23.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 10.0.23.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 999ms |
#route
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface localnet * 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.33.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 192.168.13.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.13.253 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#route add -net 10.0.23.0/24 gw 10.0.17.1
SIOCADDRT: Нет такого процесса |
#route add -net 10.0.23.0/24 gw 10.0.13.0
SIOCADDRT: Нет такого процесса |
#route add -net 10.0.23.0/24 gw 10.0.33.2
SIOCADDRT: Нет такого процесса |
#route add -net 10.0.23.0/24 10.0.33.2
SIOCADDRT: Нет такого устройства |
#route add -net 10.0.23.0 gw 10.0.33.2
SIOCADDRT: Недопустимый аргумент |
#route add -net 10.0.23.0 netmask gw 10.0.33.2
gw: Неизвестный хост |
#route add -net 10.0.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.0.33.2
SIOCADDRT: Нет такого процесса |
#man route
|
#exit
exit Connection to 192.168.13.23 closed. |
#ping 192.168.33.2
PING 192.168.33.2 (192.168.33.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.33.2: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=6.45 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.33.2: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=6.33 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.33.2: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=1.38 ms ^C --- 192.168.33.2 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.380/4.722/6.457/2.365 ms |
#sysctl
Display all 809 possibilities? (y or n) |
#cat /proc/sys/
crypto/ debug/ dev/ fs/ kernel/ net/ vm/ |
#cat /proc/
Display all 135 possibilities? (y or n) 1/ 148/ 19/ asound/ locks 10/ 149/ 2/ buddyinfo meminfo 1083/ 1493/ 21/ bus/ misc 11/ 1494/ 22/ cgroups modules 12/ 15/ 23/ cmdline mounts 1216/ 150/ 2364/ cpuinfo mtrr 1266/ 1503/ 238/ crypto net/ 1284/ 1504/ 24/ devices pagetypeinfo 1285/ 1591/ 25/ diskstats partitions ... 13/ 1638/ 3102 filesystems softirqs 1315/ 1679/ 4/ fs/ stat 1317/ 1680/ 400/ interrupts swaps 1319/ 169/ 5/ iomem sys/ 1362/ 17/ 6/ ioports sysrq-trigger 1363/ 1715/ 7/ irq/ sysvipc/ 1367/ 1716/ 786/ kallsyms timer_list 14/ 1717/ 798/ kcore timer_stats 1445/ 1758/ 8/ keys tty/ 1447/ 1759/ 9/ key-users uptime |
Display all 135 possibilities? (y or n) 1/ 148/ 19/ asound/ locks 10/ 149/ 2/ buddyinfo meminfo 1083/ 1493/ 21/ bus/ misc 11/ 1494/ 22/ cgroups modules 12/ 15/ 23/ cmdline mounts 1216/ 150/ 2364/ cpuinfo mtrr 1266/ 1503/ 238/ crypto net/ 1284/ 1504/ 24/ devices pagetypeinfo 1285/ 1591/ 25/ diskstats partitions 1286/ 1592/ 26/ dma sched_debug 1287/ 16/ 3/ driver/ scsi/ 1288/ 1629/ 3099 execdomains self/ 1289/ 1637/ 3100 fb slabinfo 13/ 1638/ 3102 filesystems softirqs 1315/ 1679/ 4/ fs/ stat 1317/ 1680/ 400/ interrupts swaps 1319/ 169/ 5/ iomem sys/ 1362/ 17/ 6/ ioports sysrq-trigger 1363/ 1715/ 7/ irq/ sysvipc/ 1367/ 1716/ 786/ kallsyms timer_list 14/ 1717/ 798/ kcore timer_stats 1445/ 1758/ 8/ keys tty/ 1447/ 1759/ 9/ key-users uptime
crypto/ debug/ dev/ fs/ kernel/ net/ vm/
Время первой команды журнала | 11:09:57 2012- 2-13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 13:52:42 2012- 2-13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 12.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 2.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008