| /l3/users/14-06-2010/nt-lnet/debian1.net.nt/root :1 |
|
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#ping ya.ru -c 1
PING ya.ru (213.180.204.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from www.yandex.ru (213.180.204.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=54.2 ms --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 54.240/54.240/54.240/0.000 ms |
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#vim /etc/sudoers
--- /tmp/l3-saved-1529.17901.30981 2010-06-14 09:48:00.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/sudoers 2010-06-14 09:48:08.000000000 +0300 @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL) ALL +user ALL=(ALL) ALL # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command # (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move |
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#apt-get install evince
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово Построение дерева зависимостей Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово Будут установлены следующие дополнительные пакеты: evince-common gconf2 libcupsimage2 libdjvulibre-text libdjvulibre21 libevince2 libgail18 libgs8 libgtk2.0-0 libjbig2dec0 libkpathsea5 liblcms1 libnautilus-extension1 libopenjpeg2 libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpoppler-glib4 libpoppler5 libspectre1 libt1-5 Предлагаемые пакеты: unrar poppler-data gconf-defaults-service liblcms-utils libspectre1-dbg ... Настраивается пакет libgs8 (8.71~dfsg2-3) ... Настраивается пакет libspectre1 (0.2.5-1) ... Настраивается пакет libt1-5 (5.1.2-3) ... Настраивается пакет libevince2 (2.30.1-3) ... Настраивается пакет libnautilus-extension1 (2.30.1-1) ... Настраивается пакет gconf2 (2.28.1-3) ... Настраивается пакет evince-common (2.30.1-3) ... Настраивается пакет evince (2.30.1-3) ... Настраивается пакет libpaper-utils (1.1.24) ... Обрабатываются триггеры для menu ... |
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#ssh root@192.168.16.2
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.2 (192.168.16.2)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 39:83:3e:b7:8e:77:bd:45:4f:ce:10:33:df:0a:94:93. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.16.2's password: |
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#. /etc/bash_completion
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#clear
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#ifconfig eth1 192.168.5.1
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#ssh root@192.168.16.3
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.3 (192.168.16.3)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 39:83:3e:b7:8e:77:bd:45:4f:ce:10:33:df:0a:94:93. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.3' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.16.3's password: Linux debian3 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Jun 14 15:58:14 2010 from debian4.net.nt l3-agent is already running: pid=1376; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid root@debian3:~# ifconfig eth1 192.168.3.1 root@debian3:~# logout Connection to 192.168.16.3 closed. |
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#ssh root@192.168.16.2
root@192.168.16.2's password: Linux debian2 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Jun 14 16:04:13 2010 from 192.168.16.1 l3-agent is already running: pid=1385; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid root@debian2:~# ifconfig ... inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2752 (2.6 KiB) TX bytes:2752 (2.6 KiB) root@debian2:~# ifconfig eth2 192.168.4.1 root@debian2:~# logout Connection to 192.168.16.2 closed. |
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#ssh root@192.168.16.3
root@192.168.16.3's password: Linux debian3 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Jun 14 16:06:15 2010 from 192.168.16.1 l3-agent is already running: pid=1376; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid root@debian3:~# ifconfig eth2 ... From 192.168.3.1 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.3.1 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.3.1 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.3.1 icmp_seq=8 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.3.2 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 9008ms , pipe 3 root@debian3:~# logout Connection to 192.168.16.3 closed. |
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#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1128 (1.1 KiB) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B)
|
|
#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4017ms , pipe 3 |
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#clear;ifconfig eth1 eth2
eth2: Неизвестный хост ifconfig: `--help' gives usage information. |
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#clear;ifconfig eth1;ifconfug eth2
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1128 (1.1 KiB) TX bytes:972 (972.0 B)
l3script: ifconfug: команда не найдена
|
|
#clear;ifconfig eth1;ifconfig eth2
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1128 (1.1 KiB) TX bytes:972 (972.0 B)
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:02:01
BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
|
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#arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.16.4 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:04 C eth0 192.168.5.2 ether 00:16:3e:00:01:02 C eth1 192.168.16.254 ether 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c C eth0 192.168.16.218 ether 00:16:35:7d:81:ee C eth0 |
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#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
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#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:40 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:65 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2568 (2.5 KiB) TX bytes:4066 (3.9 KiB)
|
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#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:72 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:97 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:4488 (4.3 KiB) TX bytes:5410 (5.2 KiB)
|
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#ifconfig eth1^C
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#tcpdump -i eth1 -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 16:19:15.598089 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.1 tell 192.168.5.2, length 46 16:19:15.598101 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.1 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:01, length 28 16:19:16.597897 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.1 tell 192.168.5.2, length 46 16:19:16.597908 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.1 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:01, length 28 16:19:17.598030 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.1 tell 192.168.5.2, length 46 16:19:17.598041 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.1 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:01, length 28 16:19:18.617898 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.1 tell 192.168.5.2, length 46 16:19:18.617907 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.1 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:01, length 28 ... 16:20:10.386089 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.1 tell 192.168.5.2, length 46 16:20:10.386101 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.1 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:01, length 28 16:20:11.389140 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.1 tell 192.168.5.2, length 46 16:20:11.389149 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.1 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:01, length 28 16:20:12.385839 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.5.1 tell 192.168.5.2, length 46 16:20:12.385848 ARP, Reply 192.168.5.1 is-at 00:16:3e:00:01:01, length 28 ^C 36 packets captured 36 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=12 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=15 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=16 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=19 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=22 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=23 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 23 packets transmitted, 0 received, +8 errors, 100% packet loss, time 22020ms , pipe 3 |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 9 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 8019ms , pipe 2 |
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#ping 192.168.5.1
PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.017 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.017 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.017/0.017/0.019/0.005 ms |
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#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01
inet addr:192.168.16.1 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:151044 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:155199 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:50864626 (48.5 MiB) TX bytes:349736285 (333.5 MiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
...
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:5748 (5.6 KiB) TX bytes:7706 (7.5 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4884 (4.7 KiB) TX bytes:4884 (4.7 KiB)
|
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#ipt
l3script: ipt: команда не найдена |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 6004ms , pipe 3 |
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#iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination |
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#route del default gw
Usage: inet_route [-vF] del {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [gw Gw] [metric M] [[dev] If]
inet_route [-vF] add {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [gw Gw] [metric M]
[netmask N] [mss Mss] [window W] [irtt I]
[mod] [dyn] [reinstate] [[dev] If]
inet_route [-vF] add {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [metric M] reject
inet_route [-FC] flush NOT supported
|
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#ping 192.168.15.1
PING 192.168.15.1 (192.168.15.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.15.1 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 6014ms |
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#ping 192.168.15.1
PING 192.168.15.1 (192.168.15.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.15.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1012ms |
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#ping 192.168.5.1
PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.015 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.022 ms ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.015/0.018/0.022/0.005 ms |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4017ms , pipe 3 |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=9 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable ... From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=33 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=34 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=35 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=37 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=38 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=39 Destination Host Unreachable ^C^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 40 packets transmitted, 0 received, +30 errors, 100% packet loss, time 39053ms , pipe 3 |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=8 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=12 Destination Host Unreachable ... From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=42 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=43 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=44 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=46 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=47 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=48 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 49 packets transmitted, 0 received, +36 errors, 100% packet loss, time 48048ms , pipe 3 |
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#cat /proc/net/arp
IP address HW type Flags HW address Mask Device 192.168.16.4 0x1 0x2 00:16:3e:00:00:04 * eth0 192.168.5.2 0x1 0x0 00:16:3e:00:01:02 * eth1 192.168.16.254 0x1 0x2 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c * eth0 192.168.16.218 0x1 0x2 00:16:35:7d:81:ee * eth0 |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms |
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#ping 192.168.5.1
PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.017 ms ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.017/0.017/0.017/0.000 ms |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=9 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable ... From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=21 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=22 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=23 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=25 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=26 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=27 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 29 packets transmitted, 0 received, +21 errors, 100% packet loss, time 28042ms , pipe 3 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#arp -d 192.168.5.2
|
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
|
#vim /etc/network/interfaces
|
|
#~
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01
inet addr:192.168.16.1 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:152131 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:156411 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:50953250 (48.5 MiB) TX bytes:350236212 (334.0 MiB)
|
|
#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:93 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:249 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:5748 (5.6 KiB) TX bytes:12242 (11.9 KiB)
|
|
#mii-tool
SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth0' failed: Operation not supported SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth1' failed: Operation not supported SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth2' failed: Operation not supported no MII interfaces found |
|
#ethtool
l3script: ethtool: команда не найдена |
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#apt-get install ethtool
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово Построение дерева зависимостей Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены: ethtool обновлено 0, установлено 1 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 343 пакетов не обновлено. Необходимо скачать 71,5kБ архивов. После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 266kB. 0% [Соединение с debian.org.ua (62.149.27.59)] 0% [Соединение с debian.org.ua (62.149.27.59)]^C |
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#cat /proc/net/arp
IP address HW type Flags HW address Mask Device 192.168.16.4 0x1 0x2 00:16:3e:00:00:04 * eth0 192.168.5.2 0x1 0x0 00:16:3e:00:01:02 * eth1 192.168.16.254 0x1 0x2 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c * eth0 192.168.16.218 0x1 0x2 00:16:35:7d:81:ee * eth0 |
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#iptables -l
iptables v1.4.6: option `-l' requires an argument Try `iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. |
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#netstat -a
Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:ssh debian4.net.nt:55914 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 [::]:5900 [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 debian1.net.nt:5900 host218.net.nt:1077 ESTABLISHED Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8055 /tmp/keyring-LJ0lMp/socket ... unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7505 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7504 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2817 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2816 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2786 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2785 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2418 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2417 unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 1782 unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 1781 |
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#apt-get install ethtool
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово Построение дерева зависимостей Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены: ethtool обновлено 0, установлено 1 новых пакетов, для удаления отмечено 0 пакетов, и 343 пакетов не обновлено. Необходимо скачать 71,5kБ архивов. После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 266kB. Получено:1 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main ethtool 1:2.6.34-1 [71,5kB] Получено 71,5kБ за 0с (166kБ/c) Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета ethtool. (Чтение базы данных ... на данный момент установлено 55027 файлов и каталогов.) Распаковывается пакет ethtool (из файла .../ethtool_1%3a2.6.34-1_i386.deb)... Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db ... Настраивается пакет ethtool (1:2.6.34-1) ... |
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#ethtool
ethtool: bad command line argument(s) For more information run ethtool -h |
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#ethtool eth1
Settings for eth1:
Link detected: yes
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#ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Link detected: yes
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#ethtool eth2
Settings for eth2:
Link detected: yes
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at 00:16:3e:00:01:02 [ether] on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 8 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 7013ms |
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#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.16.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
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#ping -h
Usage: ping [-LRUbdfnqrvVaA] [-c count] [-i interval] [-w deadline]
[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] [-I interface or address]
[-M mtu discovery hint] [-S sndbuf]
[ -T timestamp option ] [ -Q tos ] [hop1 ...] destination
|
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#ping -I eth1 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) from 192.168.5.1 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=9 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable ... From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=17 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=18 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=19 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=21 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=22 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=23 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 24 packets transmitted, 0 received, +18 errors, 100% packet loss, time 23037ms , pipe 3 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:00:01
inet addr:192.168.16.1 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:153937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:158443 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:51168219 (48.7 MiB) TX bytes:351039603 (334.7 MiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
...
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:6108 (5.9 KiB) TX bytes:14412 (14.0 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:161 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:161 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:19892 (19.4 KiB) TX bytes:19892 (19.4 KiB)
|
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#ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:00:01:01
inet addr:192.168.5.1 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:101/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:290 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:6108 (5.9 KiB) TX bytes:14412 (14.0 KiB)
|
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#ifconfig eth1 172.15.0.1
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (172.15.0.2) at 00:16:3e:00:01:02 [ether] on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#ifconfig eth1 192.168.5.1
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#netstat --inet
Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:ssh debian4.net.nt:55914 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 debian1.net.nt:57955 chub.in:18030 TIME_WAIT |
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#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/
conf/ tcp_fin_timeout icmp_echo_ignore_all tcp_frto icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts tcp_frto_response icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr tcp_keepalive_intvl icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses tcp_keepalive_probes icmp_ratelimit tcp_keepalive_time icmp_ratemask tcp_low_latency igmp_max_memberships tcp_max_orphans igmp_max_msf tcp_max_ssthresh inet_peer_gc_maxtime tcp_max_syn_backlog ... inet_peer_threshold tcp_mtu_probing ip_default_ttl tcp_no_metrics_save ip_dynaddr tcp_orphan_retries ip_forward tcp_reordering ipfrag_high_thresh tcp_retrans_collapse ipfrag_low_thresh tcp_retries1 ipfrag_max_dist tcp_retries2 ipfrag_secret_interval tcp_rfc1337 ipfrag_time tcp_rmem ip_local_port_range tcp_sack |
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#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip
ip_default_ttl ipfrag_low_thresh ip_local_port_range ip_dynaddr ipfrag_max_dist ip_nonlocal_bind ip_forward ipfrag_secret_interval ip_no_pmtu_disc ipfrag_high_thresh ipfrag_time |
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#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
|
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#ping 192.168.5.1
PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.017 ms ^C --- 192.168.5.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.017/0.017/0.017/0.000 ms |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at 00:16:3e:00:01:02 [ether] on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable ^X^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4018ms , pipe 3 |
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#apr -an
l3script: apr: команда не найдена |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth1 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0
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#ifconfig eth2 192.168.5.1
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#ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=9 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=10 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=11 Destination Host Unreachable ... From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=21 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=22 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=23 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=25 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=26 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.5.1 icmp_seq=27 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics --- 27 packets transmitted, 0 received, +21 errors, 100% packet loss, time 26039ms , pipe 3 |
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#arp -an
? (192.168.5.2) at <incomplete> on eth2 ? (192.168.16.4) at 00:16:3e:00:00:04 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.16.218) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee [ether] on eth0 |
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#shutdown -h now
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|
#man xinetd.xonf
|
|
#man xinetd.conf
|
|
#vim /etc/xinetd.conf
|
|
#grep echo /etc/services
echo 7/tcp echo 7/udp at-echo 204/tcp # AppleTalk echo at-echo 204/udp echo 4/ddp # AppleTalk Echo Protocol |
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#~
chargen daytime discard echo time |
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#vim /etc/xinetd.d/
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|
#vim /etc/xinetd.d/^C
|
|
#grep 10000 /etc/services
webmin_e_mae 10000/tcp webmin 10000/tcp |
IP address HW type Flags HW address Mask Device 192.168.16.4 0x1 0x2 00:16:3e:00:00:04 * eth0 192.168.5.2 0x1 0x0 00:16:3e:00:01:02 * eth1 192.168.16.254 0x1 0x2 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c * eth0 192.168.16.218 0x1 0x2 00:16:35:7d:81:ee * eth0
| Время первой команды журнала | 06:35:47 2010- 6-14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Время последней команды журнала | 11:29:19 2010- 6-15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в журнале | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 24.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 4.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 0.80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 2.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
| Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1
2
3
4
Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса,
нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008