/l3/users/17-05-2010/nt-fbsdadm/fbsd3.net.nt/user :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 |
|
$cp -vr /etc /tmp
/etc/rc.d/resolv -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/resolv /etc/rc.d/root -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/root /etc/rc.d/route6d -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/route6d /etc/rc.d/routed -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/routed /etc/rc.d/routing -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/routing /etc/rc.d/rpcbind -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/rpcbind /etc/rc.d/rtadvd -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/rtadvd /etc/rc.d/rwho -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/rwho /etc/rc.d/savecore -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/savecore /etc/rc.d/sdpd -> /tmp/etc/rc.d/sdpd ... /etc/apmd.conf -> /tmp/etc/apmd.conf /etc/auth.conf -> /tmp/etc/auth.conf /etc/crontab -> /tmp/etc/crontab /etc/csh.cshrc -> /tmp/etc/csh.cshrc /etc/csh.login -> /tmp/etc/csh.login /etc/disktab -> /tmp/etc/disktab /etc/csh.logout -> /tmp/etc/csh.logout /etc/devd.conf -> /tmp/etc/devd.conf /etc/devfs.conf -> /tmp/etc/devfs.conf /etc/dhclient.conf -> /tmp/etc/dhclient.conf |
$ls -l /tmp
total 20 -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1635 May 17 13:13 123 drwxr-xr-x 20 user wheel 2048 May 17 13:38 etc drwx------ 2 root wheel 512 Jul 24 2009 fam-root drwx------ 2 user wheel 512 Jul 24 2009 fam-user -r-xr-xr-x 1 user wheel 3804 May 17 12:44 l3-saved-25518.6950.6110 drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 28 2008 lilalo-install-temp-1212 drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 28 2008 lilalo-install-temp-1241 -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1635 May 17 13:27 pass -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1635 May 17 12:59 passwd |
$cp -v /etc/* /tmp
cp: /etc/security is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/ntp is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/lilalo is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/isdn is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/ssl is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/ssh is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/periodic is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/defaults is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/ppp is a directory (not copied). cp: /etc/rc.d is a directory (not copied). ... /etc/shells -> /tmp/shells /etc/services -> /tmp/services /etc/rpc -> /tmp/rpc /etc/rmt -> /tmp/rmt /etc/resolv.conf.save -> /tmp/resolv.conf.save /etc/resolv.conf -> /tmp/resolv.conf /etc/remote -> /tmp/remote /etc/rc.suspend -> /tmp/rc.suspend /etc/rc.subr -> /tmp/rc.subr /etc/rc.shutdown -> /tmp/rc.shutdown |
$ls -l /tmp
total 700 -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1635 May 17 13:13 123 -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1618 May 17 13:43 aliases -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 209 May 17 13:43 amd.map -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1234 May 17 13:43 apmd.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 231 May 17 13:43 auth.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 804 May 17 13:43 crontab -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 108 May 17 13:43 csh.cshrc -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 481 May 17 13:43 csh.login -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 110 May 17 13:43 csh.logout ... -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1674 May 17 13:43 rpc -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 73714 May 17 13:43 services -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 258 May 17 13:43 shells -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 2454 May 17 13:43 snmpd.config -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 390 May 17 13:43 sysctl.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1335 May 17 13:43 syslog.conf -r--r--r-- 1 user wheel 204798 May 17 13:43 termcap -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 13039 May 17 13:43 ttys -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1400 May 17 13:43 usbd.conf -r--r--r-- 1 user wheel 0 May 17 13:43 wall_cmos_clock |
$cd
|
$ls -l /tmp/passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1635 May 17 13:43 /tmp/passwd |
$cd /tmp
|
$sudo /etc/rc.d/named start
Password: wrote key file "/var/named/etc/namedb/rndc.key" Starting named. |
$cd /root
|
$cd -
/tmp |
$echo $OLDPWD
/root |
$ps -aux | grep named | grep -v grep
bind 25713 0.3 0.5 4428 3536 ?? Ss 1:52PM 0:00.05 /usr/sbin/named - |
$sudo /etc/rc.d/named stop
sudo: timestamp too far in the future: May 17 13:52:52 2010 We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things: #1) Respect the privacy of others. #2) Think before you type. #3) With great power comes great responsibility. Password: Stopping named. |
$xeyes
^Z[1] Done xeyes [2]+ Stopped xeyes |
$fg
xeyes ^Z [2]+ Stopped xeyes |
$xeyes
^C |
$date
Mon May 17 14:48:20 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 14:49:17 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 14:51:07 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 14:52:04 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 14:53:10 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 14:54:17 EEST 2010 |
$man Xvnc
|
$cp -vp /etc/passwd /tmp
/etc/passwd -> /tmp/passwd |
$ls -l /tmp/passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1635 Jul 24 2009 /tmp/passwd |
$man cp
|
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:00 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:00 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:03 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:04 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:10 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:17 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:20 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:24 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:09:25 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:10:25 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:11:28 EEST 2010 |
$ls /tmp
123 netconfig aliases netstart amd.map network.subr apmd.conf networks auth.conf newsyslog.conf crontab nsswitch.conf csh.cshrc opiekeys csh.login passwd csh.logout pccard_ether devd.conf periodic.conf ... login.access services login.conf shells login.conf.db snmpd.config mac.conf sysctl.conf mail.rc syslog.conf make.conf termcap manpath.config ttys manpath.config.bak usbd.conf manpath.config.bak.xorg wall_cmos_clock motd |
$ls /tmp/etc
X11 login.access protocols aliases login.conf pwd.db amd.map login.conf.db rc apmd.conf mac.conf rc.bsdextended auth.conf mail rc.conf bluetooth mail.rc rc.d crontab make.conf rc.firewall csh.cshrc manpath.config rc.firewall6 csh.login manpath.config.bak rc.initdiskless csh.logout manpath.config.bak.xorg rc.resume ... host.conf pccard_ether snmpd.config hosts periodic ssh hosts.allow periodic.conf ssl hosts.equiv pf.conf sysctl.conf hosts.lpd pf.os syslog.conf inetd.conf phones termcap isdn portsnap.conf ttys lilalo ppp usbd.conf localtime printcap wall_cmos_clock locate.rc profile |
$ls -lt /tmp/etc/
total 720 -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1618 May 17 13:38 aliases -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 209 May 17 13:38 amd.map -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 1234 May 17 13:38 apmd.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 231 May 17 13:38 auth.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 804 May 17 13:38 crontab -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 108 May 17 13:38 csh.cshrc -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 481 May 17 13:38 csh.login -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 110 May 17 13:38 csh.logout -rw-r--r-- 1 user wheel 5996 May 17 13:38 devd.conf ... drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 gnats drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 lilalo drwxr-xr-x 6 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 periodic drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 pam.d drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 mtree drwx------ 2 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 ntp drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 mail drwx------ 2 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 isdn drwxr-xr-x 5 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 namedb drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512 May 17 13:38 ppp |
$cp -rvp /tmp/etc{,_back}
/tmp/etc/rc.d/msgs -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/msgs /tmp/etc/rc.d/named -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/named /tmp/etc/rc.d/natd -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/natd /tmp/etc/rc.d/netif -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/netif /tmp/etc/rc.d/netoptions -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/netoptions /tmp/etc/rc.d/network_ipv6 -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/network_ipv6 /tmp/etc/rc.d/newsyslog -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/newsyslog /tmp/etc/rc.d/nfsclient -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/nfsclient /tmp/etc/rc.d/nfsd -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/nfsd /tmp/etc/rc.d/nfslocking -> /tmp/etc_back/rc.d/nfslocking ... /tmp/etc/inetd.conf -> /tmp/etc_back/inetd.conf /tmp/etc/login.access -> /tmp/etc_back/login.access /tmp/etc/motd -> /tmp/etc_back/motd /tmp/etc/login.conf -> /tmp/etc_back/login.conf /tmp/etc/mac.conf -> /tmp/etc_back/mac.conf /tmp/etc/network.subr -> /tmp/etc_back/network.subr /tmp/etc/networks -> /tmp/etc_back/networks /tmp/etc/newsyslog.conf -> /tmp/etc_back/newsyslog.conf /tmp/etc/portsnap.conf -> /tmp/etc_back/portsnap.conf /tmp/etc/pf.conf -> /tmp/etc_back/pf.conf |
$fg 26832
bash: fg: 26832: no such job |
$date
Mon May 17 15:51:40 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:51:41 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 15:51:42 EEST 2010 |
$su -
Password: |
#ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
17 May 22:49:33 ntpdate[1171]: step time server 194.149.67.130 offset 25057.932958 sec |
$ls -S
gdb.core passwd Desktop hello |
$ls -Sl
total 838 -rw------- 1 user wheel 823296 Jul 24 2009 gdb.core -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1635 Jul 24 2009 passwd drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512 Mar 15 2008 Desktop -rwxr-xr-x 1 user wheel 19 May 17 12:53 hello |
$ls -Slh
total 838 -rw------- 1 user wheel 804K Jul 24 2009 gdb.core -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1.6K Jul 24 2009 passwd drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512B Mar 15 2008 Desktop -rwxr-xr-x 1 user wheel 19B May 17 12:53 hello |
$less /var/log/messages
|
$date
Mon May 17 20:21:01 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 20:23:33 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 20:24:55 EEST 2010 |
$tzsetup
lqqqqqqqqqq Select local or UTC (Greenwich Mean Time) clock qqqqqqqqqqqk x Is this machine's CMOS clock set to UTC? If it is set to local time,x x or you don't know, please choose NO heretzsetup: create /etc/wall_cmos_clock: Permission denied x x tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu x Yes [ No ] x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj |
$gnome
gnome-about gnome-about-me gnome-accessibility-keyboard-properties gnome-appearance-properties gnome-at-mobility gnome-at-properties gnome-at-visual gnome-audio-profiles-properties gnome-brightness-applet gnome-calculator ... gnome-default-applications-properties gnome-desktop-item-edit gnome-dictionary gnome-display-properties gnome-doc-prepare gnome-doc-tool gnome-eject gnome-font-viewer gnome-gnuchess gnome-help |
$gnome-se
gnome-search-tool gnome-session-properties gnome-session-save gnome-session gnome-session-remove |
$gnome-
gnome-about gnome-about-me gnome-accessibility-keyboard-properties gnome-appearance-properties gnome-at-mobility gnome-at-properties gnome-at-visual gnome-audio-profiles-properties gnome-brightness-applet gnome-calculator ... gnome-text-editor gnome-theme-thumbnailer gnome-thumbnail-font gnome-typing-monitor gnome-umount gnome-volume-control gnome-volume-manager gnome-volume-properties gnome-window-properties gnome-wm |
$su -
Password: l3-agent is already running: pid=26954; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
$date
Mon May 17 22:49:39 EEST 2010 |
$su -
Password: Removing stale pidfile |
#vim /etc/crontab
|
#exit
exit |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$su 0
su: Sorry |
$su -
Password: Removing stale pidfile |
#vim /boot/loader.conf
|
#dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root |
#sysctl -a | grep timecounter
kern.timecounter.stepwarnings: 0 kern.timecounter.nbinuptime: 425852 kern.timecounter.nnanouptime: 0 kern.timecounter.nmicrouptime: 1554 kern.timecounter.nbintime: 176130 kern.timecounter.nnanotime: 65966 kern.timecounter.nmicrotime: 110191 kern.timecounter.ngetbinuptime: 1220 kern.timecounter.ngetnanouptime: 111 kern.timecounter.ngetmicrouptime: 61125 kern.timecounter.ngetbintime: 0 kern.timecounter.ngetnanotime: 0 kern.timecounter.ngetmicrotime: 19139 kern.timecounter.nsetclock: 4 kern.timecounter.hardware: i8254 kern.timecounter.choice: TSC(800) i8254(0) dummy(-1000000) kern.timecounter.tick: 1 kern.timecounter.smp_tsc: 0 |
#dmeg
bash: dmeg: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ |
#dmesg
Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0 CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6550 @ 2.33GHz (2327.53-MHz 686-class CPU) Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6fb Stepping = 11 Features=0x1789fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT> ... calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -628735 usec for pid 49 (sh) calcru: runtime went backwards from 18221870 usec to 18007589 usec for pid 4 (g_down) calcru: negative runtime of -1040406 usec for pid 49 (ps) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) calcru: runtime went backwards from 14205122 usec to 12945574 usec for pid 19 (irq14: ata0) |
$date
Mon May 17 22:53:42 EEST 2010 |
$date
Mon May 17 22:53:47 EEST 2010 |
Время первой команды журнала | 12:36:11 2010- 5-17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 21:53:42 2010- 5-17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 7.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 3.19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008