/l3/users/27-07-2009/nt-fbsdnet/fbsd4.net.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19
[ править ]

Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Пятница (08/07/09)

/dev/ttyp1
19:39:09
#:q 
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/resolv.conf" 6 lines, 126 characters written
õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root
19:39:09
#:q
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/resolv.conf" 6 lines, 126 characters written
õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root
19:41:57
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
19:41:57
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
/dev/ttyp1
19:47:58
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
19:47:58
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
/dev/ttyp3
19:48:52
#ssh user@192.168.16.7 
user@192.168.16.7's password:
Linux debiant 2.6.18-5-xen-686 #1 SMP Fri Jun 1 05:05:24 UTC 2007 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Aug  7 18:43:19 2009 from 192.168.16.5
l3-agent is already running: pid=1529; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid
openpty failed
Connection to 192.168.16.7 closed.
19:48:52
#ssh user@192.168.16.7 
user@192.168.16.7's password:
Linux debiant 2.6.18-5-xen-686 #1 SMP Fri Jun 1 05:05:24 UTC 2007 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Aug  7 18:43:19 2009 from 192.168.16.5
l3-agent is already running: pid=1529; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid
openpty failed
Connection to 192.168.16.7 closed.
19:49:16
#ssh user@192.168.16.7 
user@192.168.16.7's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
user@192.168.16.7's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
user@192.168.16.7's password:
Linux debiant 2.6.18-5-xen-686 #1 SMP Fri Jun 1 05:05:24 UTC 2007 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Aug  7 20:49:28 2009 from 192.168.16.24
l3-agent is already running: pid=1529; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid
openpty failed
Connection to 192.168.16.7 closed.
19:49:16
#ssh user@192.168.16.7 
user@192.168.16.7's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
user@192.168.16.7's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
user@192.168.16.7's password:
Linux debiant 2.6.18-5-xen-686 #1 SMP Fri Jun 1 05:05:24 UTC 2007 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Aug  7 20:49:28 2009 from 192.168.16.24
l3-agent is already running: pid=1529; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid
openpty failed
Connection to 192.168.16.7 closed.
/dev/ttyp1
19:51:12
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
19:51:12
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
19:51:24
#~ 
nameserver 192.168.16.24
nameserver 192.168.16.254
nameserver 10.0.17.1
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/resolv.conf" 6 lines, 126 characters written
19:51:24
#~
nameserver 192.168.16.24
nameserver 192.168.16.254
nameserver 10.0.17.1
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/resolv.conf" 6 lines, 126 characters written
19:51:30
#ping 
usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]
            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]
            [-P policy] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]
            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host
       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]
            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl] [-P policy] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]
            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]
            [-z tos] mcast-group
õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root
19:51:30
#ping 
usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]
            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]
            [-P policy] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]
            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host
       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]
            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl] [-P policy] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]
            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]
            [-z tos] mcast-group
õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root
/dev/ttyp3
19:51:39
#tcpd 
tcpdchk    tcpdmatch  tcpdrop    tcpdump
19:51:39
#tcpdump 
21:01:10.760649 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 576:582(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83885 9625241>
21:01:10.768577 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 582:588(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83886 9625241>
21:01:10.768613 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 588 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625250 83885>
21:01:10.776531 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 588:594(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83886 9625250>
21:01:10.784508 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 594:600(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83887 9625250>
21:01:10.784539 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 600 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625259 83886>
21:01:10.792528 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 600:606(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83888 9625259>
21:01:10.800486 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 606:612(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83889 9625259>
21:01:10.800520 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 612 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625268 83888>
21:01:10.808516 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 612:618(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83890 9625268>
...
21:01:11.839940 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1134:1140(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83993 9625837>
21:01:11.839976 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 1140 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625845 83992>
21:01:11.871951 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1140:1146(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83996 9625845>
21:01:11.879896 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1146:1152(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83997 9625845>
21:01:11.879919 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 1152 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625868 83996>
21:01:11.887985 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1152:1158(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83997 9625868>
21:01:11.895897 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1158:1164(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83998 9625868>
21:01:11.895937 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 1164 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625876 83997>
21:01:11.903916 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1164:1170(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83999 9625876>
21:01:11.911895 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1170:1176(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 84000 9625876>
19:51:39
#tcpd 
tcpdchk    tcpdmatch  tcpdrop    tcpdump
19:51:39
#tcpdump
21:01:10.760649 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 576:582(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83885 9625241>
21:01:10.768577 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 582:588(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83886 9625241>
21:01:10.768613 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 588 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625250 83885>
21:01:10.776531 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 588:594(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83886 9625250>
21:01:10.784508 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 594:600(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83887 9625250>
21:01:10.784539 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 600 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625259 83886>
21:01:10.792528 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 600:606(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83888 9625259>
21:01:10.800486 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 606:612(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83889 9625259>
21:01:10.800520 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 612 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625268 83888>
21:01:10.808516 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 612:618(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83890 9625268>
...
21:01:11.839940 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1134:1140(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83993 9625837>
21:01:11.839976 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 1140 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625845 83992>
21:01:11.871951 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1140:1146(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83996 9625845>
21:01:11.879896 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1146:1152(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83997 9625845>
21:01:11.879919 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 1152 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625868 83996>
21:01:11.887985 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1152:1158(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83997 9625868>
21:01:11.895897 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1158:1164(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83998 9625868>
21:01:11.895937 IP fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1 > host61.net.nt.1024: . ack 1164 win 33301 <nop,nop,timestamp 9625876 83997>
21:01:11.903916 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1164:1170(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 83999 9625876>
21:01:11.911895 IP host61.net.nt.1024 > fbsd4.net.nt.vnc1: P 1170:1176(6) ack 102343 win 63593 <nop,nop,timestamp 84000 9625876>
/dev/ttyp1
20:01:23
#ping linux 
ping: cannot resolve linux: Unknown host
20:01:23
#ping linux 
ping: cannot resolve linux: Unknown host
20:01:43
#ping 127.0.0.1 
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
...
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=16 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=17 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
^C
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
18 packets transmitted, 18 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.055/0.060/0.085/0.006 ms
20:01:43
#ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
...
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=16 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=17 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
^C
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
18 packets transmitted, 18 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.055/0.060/0.085/0.006 ms
/dev/ttyp3
20:02:21
#tcpdump port 53 
21:10:28.713792 IP fbsd4.net.nt.54529 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45961+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt. (30)
21:10:28.713903 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.54529:  45961 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (78)
21:10:28.714477 IP fbsd4.net.nt.58784 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45962+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt.net.nt. (37)
21:10:28.714562 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.58784:  45962 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (85)
21:10:28.714716 IP fbsd4.net.nt.58498 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45963+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt.unix.nt. (38)
21:10:28.714809 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.58498:  45963 NXDomain 0/1/0 (90)
21:10:29.205241 IP fbsd4.net.nt.59835 > debian.net.nt.domain:  16397+ PTR? 130.67.149.194.in-addr.arpa. (45)
21:10:29.795253 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.59835:  16397 1/3/3 (186)
21:10:42.142007 IP fbsd4.net.nt.63085 > debian.net.nt.domain:  64225+ A? xgu.ru. (24)
21:10:42.142290 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.63085:  64225 1/3/3 A chub.in (154)
...
21:40:27.752994 IP fbsd4.net.nt.54403 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45962+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt.net.nt. (37)
21:40:27.753077 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.54403:  45962 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (85)
21:40:27.753209 IP fbsd4.net.nt.50707 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45963+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt.unix.nt. (38)
21:40:27.753764 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.50707:  45963 NXDomain 0/1/0 (90)
exit
^C
203 packets captured
20235 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root
20:02:21
#tcpdump port 53
21:10:28.713792 IP fbsd4.net.nt.54529 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45961+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt. (30)
21:10:28.713903 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.54529:  45961 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (78)
21:10:28.714477 IP fbsd4.net.nt.58784 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45962+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt.net.nt. (37)
21:10:28.714562 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.58784:  45962 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (85)
21:10:28.714716 IP fbsd4.net.nt.58498 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45963+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt.unix.nt. (38)
21:10:28.714809 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.58498:  45963 NXDomain 0/1/0 (90)
21:10:29.205241 IP fbsd4.net.nt.59835 > debian.net.nt.domain:  16397+ PTR? 130.67.149.194.in-addr.arpa. (45)
21:10:29.795253 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.59835:  16397 1/3/3 (186)
21:10:42.142007 IP fbsd4.net.nt.63085 > debian.net.nt.domain:  64225+ A? xgu.ru. (24)
21:10:42.142290 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.63085:  64225 1/3/3 A chub.in (154)
...
21:40:27.752994 IP fbsd4.net.nt.54403 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45962+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt.net.nt. (37)
21:40:27.753077 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.54403:  45962 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (85)
21:40:27.753209 IP fbsd4.net.nt.50707 > debian.net.nt.domain:  45963+ AAAA? fbsd4.net.nt.unix.nt. (38)
21:40:27.753764 IP debian.net.nt.domain > fbsd4.net.nt.50707:  45963 NXDomain 0/1/0 (90)
exit
^C
203 packets captured
20235 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root
/dev/ttyp1
20:02:36
#ping 127.0.0.1 
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.078 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
^[[A64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
^C
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.060/0.066/0.078/0.006 ms
20:02:36
#ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.078 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
^[[A64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
^C
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.060/0.066/0.078/0.006 ms
20:02:47
#ping 
usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]
            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]
            [-P policy] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]
            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host
       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]
            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl] [-P policy] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]
            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]
            [-z tos] mcast-group
20:02:47
#ping 
usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]
            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]
            [-P policy] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]
            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host
       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]
            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl] [-P policy] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]
            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]
            [-z tos] mcast-group
20:02:53
#ping 192.168.16.25 
PING 192.168.16.25 (192.168.16.25): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.16.25: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=1.434 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.25: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.275 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.25: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.198 ms
^C
--- 192.168.16.25 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.198/0.636/1.434/0.565 ms
20:02:53
#ping 192.168.16.25
PING 192.168.16.25 (192.168.16.25): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.16.25: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=1.434 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.25: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.275 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.25: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.198 ms
^C
--- 192.168.16.25 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.198/0.636/1.434/0.565 ms
20:03:26
#options ndots 
bash: options: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ
20:03:26
#options ndots 
bash: options: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ
20:07:03
#options ndots 2 
bash: options: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ
20:07:03
#options ndots 2 
bash: options: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ
20:07:06
#dig ya.ru 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> ya.ru
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40426
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ya.ru.                         IN      A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      A       77.88.21.8
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      A       93.158.134.8
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      A       213.180.204.8
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      NS      ns1.yandex.ru.
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      NS      ns5.yandex.ru.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.yandex.ru.          148249  IN      A       213.180.193.1
ns5.yandex.ru.          148249  IN      A       213.180.204.1
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:07:52 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 146
20:07:06
#dig ya.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> ya.ru
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40426
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ya.ru.                         IN      A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      A       77.88.21.8
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      A       93.158.134.8
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      A       213.180.204.8
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      NS      ns1.yandex.ru.
ya.ru.                  2307    IN      NS      ns5.yandex.ru.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.yandex.ru.          148249  IN      A       213.180.193.1
ns5.yandex.ru.          148249  IN      A       213.180.204.1
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:07:52 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 146
20:07:52
#dig dobro.nt 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> dobro.nt
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 45540
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;dobro.nt.                      IN      A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.                       10800   IN      SOA     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2009080700 1800 900 604800 86400
;; Query time: 56 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:08:10 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 101
20:07:52
#dig dobro.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> dobro.nt
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 45540
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;dobro.nt.                      IN      A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.                       10800   IN      SOA     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2009080700 1800 900 604800 86400
;; Query time: 56 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:08:10 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 101
20:08:10
#dig google.com 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> google.com
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 34942
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.                    IN      A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.             300     IN      A       74.125.67.100
google.com.             300     IN      A       74.125.127.100
...
google.com.             144498  IN      NS      ns2.google.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.google.com.         240017  IN      A       216.239.32.10
ns2.google.com.         240017  IN      A       216.239.34.10
ns3.google.com.         240017  IN      A       216.239.36.10
ns4.google.com.         240017  IN      A       216.239.38.10
;; Query time: 46 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:08:23 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 212
20:08:10
#dig google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> google.com
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 34942
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.                    IN      A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.             300     IN      A       74.125.67.100
google.com.             300     IN      A       74.125.127.100
...
google.com.             144498  IN      NS      ns2.google.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.google.com.         240017  IN      A       216.239.32.10
ns2.google.com.         240017  IN      A       216.239.34.10
ns3.google.com.         240017  IN      A       216.239.36.10
ns4.google.com.         240017  IN      A       216.239.38.10
;; Query time: 46 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:08:23 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 212
20:08:23
#dig -x 192.168.16.25 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> -x 192.168.16.25
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 3421
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;25.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
25.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN   PTR     fbsd25.net.nt.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN      NS      debian.net.nt.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
debian.net.nt.          604800  IN      A       192.168.16.254
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:09:04 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 108
20:08:23
#dig -x 192.168.16.25
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> -x 192.168.16.25
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 3421
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;25.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
25.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN   PTR     fbsd25.net.nt.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN      NS      debian.net.nt.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
debian.net.nt.          604800  IN      A       192.168.16.254
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:09:04 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 108
20:09:04
#dig 192.168.16.25 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> 192.168.16.25
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 23551
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;192.168.16.25.                 IN      A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.                       10800   IN      SOA     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2009080700 1800 900 604800 86400
;; Query time: 142 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:09:23 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 106
20:09:04
#dig 192.168.16.25
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> 192.168.16.25
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 23551
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;192.168.16.25.                 IN      A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.                       10800   IN      SOA     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2009080700 1800 900 604800 86400
;; Query time: 142 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:09:23 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 106
20:09:23
#dig fbsd6.nt.ua 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd6.nt.ua
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 41266
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fbsd6.nt.ua.                   IN      A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
nt.ua.                  10800   IN      SOA     nt.ua. hostmaster.tex.kiev.ua. 2006082804 28800 7200 604800 86400
;; Query time: 152 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:09:44 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 85
20:09:23
#dig fbsd6.nt.ua
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd6.nt.ua
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 41266
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fbsd6.nt.ua.                   IN      A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
nt.ua.                  10800   IN      SOA     nt.ua. hostmaster.tex.kiev.ua. 2006082804 28800 7200 604800 86400
;; Query time: 152 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:09:44 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 85
20:09:44
#dig -x 192.168.16.26 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> -x 192.168.16.26
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 28732
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;26.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
26.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN   PTR     fbsd26.net.nt.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN      NS      debian.net.nt.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
debian.net.nt.          604800  IN      A       192.168.16.254
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:10:05 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 108
20:09:44
#dig -x 192.168.16.26
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> -x 192.168.16.26
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 28732
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;26.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
26.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN   PTR     fbsd26.net.nt.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN      NS      debian.net.nt.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
debian.net.nt.          604800  IN      A       192.168.16.254
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:10:05 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 108
20:10:05
#dig fbsd6.net.nt 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd6.net.nt
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 21358
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fbsd6.net.nt.                  IN      A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
net.nt.                 604800  IN      SOA     debian.net.nt. root.debian.net.nt. 13 604800 86400 2419200 604800
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:10:26 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 78
20:10:05
#dig fbsd6.net.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd6.net.nt
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 21358
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fbsd6.net.nt.                  IN      A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
net.nt.                 604800  IN      SOA     debian.net.nt. root.debian.net.nt. 13 604800 86400 2419200 604800
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:10:26 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 78
20:10:26
#dig 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>>
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64518
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 14
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;.                              IN      NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
.                       308120  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       308120  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
...
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394518  IN      A       192.112.36.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394518  IN      A       128.63.2.53
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394518  IN      AAAA    2001:500:1::803f:235
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394518  IN      A       192.36.148.17
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394514  IN      A       192.58.128.30
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     69342   IN      AAAA    2001:503:c27::2:30
;; Query time: 30 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:10:51 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 500
20:10:26
#dig
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>>
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64518
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 14
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;.                              IN      NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
.                       308120  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       308120  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
...
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394518  IN      A       192.112.36.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394518  IN      A       128.63.2.53
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394518  IN      AAAA    2001:500:1::803f:235
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394518  IN      A       192.36.148.17
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     394514  IN      A       192.58.128.30
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     69342   IN      AAAA    2001:503:c27::2:30
;; Query time: 30 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:10:51 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 500
20:10:51
#dig | less
20:10:51
#dig | less
20:11:15
#dig fbsd6.net.nt cname 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd6.net.nt cname
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 42259
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fbsd6.net.nt.                  IN      CNAME
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
net.nt.                 604800  IN      SOA     debian.net.nt. root.debian.net.nt. 13 604800 86400 2419200 604800
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:11:34 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 78
õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root
20:11:15
#dig fbsd6.net.nt cname
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd6.net.nt cname
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 42259
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fbsd6.net.nt.                  IN      CNAME
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
net.nt.                 604800  IN      SOA     debian.net.nt. root.debian.net.nt. 13 604800 86400 2419200 604800
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:11:34 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 78
õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root
20:11:34
#dig fbsd5.net.nt cname 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd5.net.nt cname
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 6652
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fbsd5.net.nt.                  IN      CNAME
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
net.nt.                 604800  IN      SOA     debian.net.nt. root.debian.net.nt. 13 604800 86400 2419200 604800
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:11:50 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 78
20:11:34
#dig fbsd5.net.nt cname
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd5.net.nt cname
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 6652
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fbsd5.net.nt.                  IN      CNAME
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
net.nt.                 604800  IN      SOA     debian.net.nt. root.debian.net.nt. 13 604800 86400 2419200 604800
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:11:50 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 78
20:11:50
#dig -x 192.168.16.25 cname 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> -x 192.168.16.25 cname
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16506
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;25.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN      CNAME
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN      SOA     debian.net.nt. root.debian.net.nt. 11 604800 86400 2419200 604800
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:12:12 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 98
20:11:50
#dig -x 192.168.16.25 cname
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> -x 192.168.16.25 cname
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16506
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;25.16.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN      CNAME
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
16.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN      SOA     debian.net.nt. root.debian.net.nt. 11 604800 86400 2419200 604800
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:12:12 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 98
20:12:12
#dig 192.168.16.25.in-addr.arpa ptr 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> 192.168.16.25.in-addr.arpa ptr
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 14215
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;192.168.16.25.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
25.in-addr.arpa.        10800   IN      SOA     ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk. hostmaster.cs.ucl.ac.uk. 200709101 36000 1800 3600000 360000
;; Query time: 326 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:13:20 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 107
20:12:12
#dig 192.168.16.25.in-addr.arpa ptr
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> 192.168.16.25.in-addr.arpa ptr
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 14215
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;192.168.16.25.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
25.in-addr.arpa.        10800   IN      SOA     ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk. hostmaster.cs.ucl.ac.uk. 200709101 36000 1800 3600000 360000
;; Query time: 326 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:13:20 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 107
20:13:20
#dig 192.168.16.254in-addr.arpa ptr 
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> 192.168.16.254.in-addr.arpa ptr
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 60495
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;192.168.16.254.in-addr.arpa.   IN      PTR
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
in-addr.arpa.           10800   IN      SOA     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. dns-ops.ARIN.NET. 2009080704 1800 900 691200 10800
;; Query time: 214 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:13:39 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 112
20:13:20
#dig 192.168.16.254in-addr.arpa ptr
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> 192.168.16.254.in-addr.arpa ptr
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 60495
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;192.168.16.254.in-addr.arpa.   IN      PTR
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
in-addr.arpa.           10800   IN      SOA     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. dns-ops.ARIN.NET. 2009080704 1800 900 691200 10800
;; Query time: 214 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.16.254#53(192.168.16.254)
;; WHEN: Fri Aug  7 21:13:39 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 112
20:13:39
#dig fbsd5.net.nt axfr 
;; Connection to 192.168.16.24#53(192.168.16.24) for fbsd5.net.nt failed: connection refused.
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd5.net.nt axfr
;; global options:  printcmd
; Transfer failed.
20:13:39
#dig fbsd5.net.nt axfr 
;; Connection to 192.168.16.24#53(192.168.16.24) for fbsd5.net.nt failed: connection refused.
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> fbsd5.net.nt axfr
;; global options:  printcmd
; Transfer failed.
20:14:14
#vim /etc/namedb/
20:14:14
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
20:14:14
#vim /etc/namedb/
20:14:14
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3100.9482.28666	2009-08-07 21:16:06.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/rc.conf	2009-08-07 21:17:56.000000000 +0300
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@
 natd_interface="re0"		# Public interface or IPaddress to use.
 natd_flags=""			# Additional flags for natd.
 sshd_enable="YES" 
+#
 # named.  It may be possible to run named in a sandbox, man security for
 named_enable="YES"		# Run named, the DNS server (or NO).
 named_program="/usr/sbin/named"	# path to named, if you want a different one.
-#named_flags="" 		# Flags for named
+named_flags="-u bind -g bind" 	# Flags for named
 named_pidfile="/var/run/named/pid" # Must set this in named.conf as well
 named_uid="bind" 		# User to run named as
 named_chrootdir="/var/named"	# Chroot directory (or "" not to auto-chroot it)
20:15:57
# 14 pid-file "/var/run/named/pid"; 
named_enable="YES"              # Run named, the DNS server (or NO).
named_program="/usr/sbin/named" # path to named, if you want a different one.
#named_flags=""                 # Flags for named
named_pidfile="/var/run/named/pid" # Must set this in named.conf as well
named_chrootdir="/var/named"    # Chroot directory (or "" not to auto-chroot it)
named_chroot_autoupdate="YES"   # Automatically install/update chrooted
                                # components of named. See /etc/rc.d/named.
named_flags="-u bind -g bind"   # Flags for named
                                # components of named. See /etc/rc.d/named.
"/etc/rc.conf" 46 lines, 1983 characters written
20:15:57
# 14 pid-file "/var/run/named/pid";
named_enable="YES"              # Run named, the DNS server (or NO).
named_program="/usr/sbin/named" # path to named, if you want a different one.
#named_flags=""                 # Flags for named
named_pidfile="/var/run/named/pid" # Must set this in named.conf as well
named_chrootdir="/var/named"    # Chroot directory (or "" not to auto-chroot it)
named_chroot_autoupdate="YES"   # Automatically install/update chrooted
                                # components of named. See /etc/rc.d/named.
named_flags="-u bind -g bind"   # Flags for named
                                # components of named. See /etc/rc.d/named.
"/etc/rc.conf" 46 lines, 1983 characters written
20:17:56
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf 
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3100.23486.7177	2009-08-07 21:18:06.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/namedb/named.conf	2009-08-07 21:21:38.000000000 +0300
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 options {
 	// Relative to the chroot directory, if any
 	directory	"/etc/namedb";
+	forwarders { 192.168.16.254; };
+	forward only
 	pid-file	"/var/run/named/pid";
 	dump-file	"/var/dump/named_dump.db";
 	statistics-file	"/var/stats/named.stats";
20:17:56
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3100.23486.7177	2009-08-07 21:18:06.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/namedb/named.conf	2009-08-07 21:21:38.000000000 +0300
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 options {
 	// Relative to the chroot directory, if any
 	directory	"/etc/namedb";
+	forwarders { 192.168.16.254; };
+	forward only
 	pid-file	"/var/run/named/pid";
 	dump-file	"/var/dump/named_dump.db";
 	statistics-file	"/var/stats/named.stats";
20:21:49
#named -u bind -g bind 
usage: named [-4|-6] [-c conffile] [-d debuglevel] [-f|-g] [-n number_of_cpus]
             [-p port] [-s] [-t chrootdir] [-u username]
             [-m {usage|trace|record}]
named: extra command line arguments
20:21:49
#named -u bind -g bind 
usage: named [-4|-6] [-c conffile] [-d debuglevel] [-f|-g] [-n number_of_cpus]
             [-p port] [-s] [-t chrootdir] [-u username]
             [-m {usage|trace|record}]
named: extra command line arguments
20:22:10
#tail /var/log/messages 
Aug  7 19:30:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 19:48:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 20:06:33 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 20:24:33 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 20:42:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 21:00:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 21:01:08 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode enabled
Aug  7 21:02:21 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode disabled
Aug  7 21:02:30 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode enabled
Aug  7 21:18:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
20:22:10
#tail /var/log/messages
Aug  7 19:30:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 19:48:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 20:06:33 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 20:24:33 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 20:42:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 21:00:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 21:01:08 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode enabled
Aug  7 21:02:21 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode disabled
Aug  7 21:02:30 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode enabled
Aug  7 21:18:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
20:22:42
#ps waux | grep named 










20:22:42




#ps waux | grep named















20:23:08




#/etc/netstart restart





devd already running? (pid=666).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
re0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
        inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
        ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
...
00020 allow tcp from any to any
00030 allow tcp from any to any dst-port 5902
Firewall rules loaded.
net.inet.ip.fw.enable: 1 -> 1
add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254
add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30
Additional routing options:.











20:23:08




#/etc/netstart restart


devd already running? (pid=666).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
re0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
        inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
        ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
...
00020 allow tcp from any to any
00030 allow tcp from any to any dst-port 5902
Firewall rules loaded.
net.inet.ip.fw.enable: 1 -> 1
add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254
add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30
Additional routing options:.











20:23:23




#ps waux | grep named















20:23:23




#ps waux | grep named















20:23:28




#ps waux | grep named















20:23:28




#ps waux | grep named















20:23:32




#named -u bind -g bind





usage: named [-4|-6] [-c conffile] [-d debuglevel] [-f|-g] [-n number_of_cpus]
             [-p port] [-s] [-t chrootdir] [-u username]
             [-m {usage|trace|record}]
named: extra command line arguments











20:23:32




#named -u bind -g bind





usage: named [-4|-6] [-c conffile] [-d debuglevel] [-f|-g] [-n number_of_cpus]
             [-p port] [-s] [-t chrootdir] [-u username]
             [-m {usage|trace|record}]
named: extra command line arguments











20:23:36




#vim /etc/rc.conf





--- /tmp/l3-saved-3100.2396.24770	2009-08-07 21:24:18.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/rc.conf	2009-08-07 21:25:52.000000000 +0300
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@
 #
 # named.  It may be possible to run named in a sandbox, man security for
 named_enable="YES"		# Run named, the DNS server (or NO).
-named_program="/usr/sbin/named"	# path to named, if you want a different one.
+#named_program="/usr/sbin/named"# path to named, if you want a different one.
 named_flags="-u bind -g bind" 	# Flags for named
 named_pidfile="/var/run/named/pid" # Must set this in named.conf as well
-named_uid="bind" 		# User to run named as
-named_chrootdir="/var/named"	# Chroot directory (or "" not to auto-chroot it)
-named_chroot_autoupdate="YES"	# Automatically install/update chrooted
+#named_uid="bind" 		# User to run named as
+#named_chrootdir="/var/named"	# Chroot directory (or "" not to auto-chroot it)
+#named_chroot_autoupdate="YES"	# Automatically install/update chrooted
 				# components of named. See /etc/rc.d/named.
 named_symlink_enable="YES"	# Symlink the chrooted pid file









20:23:36




#vim /etc/rc.conf


--- /tmp/l3-saved-3100.2396.24770	2009-08-07 21:24:18.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/rc.conf	2009-08-07 21:25:52.000000000 +0300
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@
 #
 # named.  It may be possible to run named in a sandbox, man security for
 named_enable="YES"		# Run named, the DNS server (or NO).
-named_program="/usr/sbin/named"	# path to named, if you want a different one.
+#named_program="/usr/sbin/named"# path to named, if you want a different one.
 named_flags="-u bind -g bind" 	# Flags for named
 named_pidfile="/var/run/named/pid" # Must set this in named.conf as well
-named_uid="bind" 		# User to run named as
-named_chrootdir="/var/named"	# Chroot directory (or "" not to auto-chroot it)
-named_chroot_autoupdate="YES"	# Automatically install/update chrooted
+#named_uid="bind" 		# User to run named as
+#named_chrootdir="/var/named"	# Chroot directory (or "" not to auto-chroot it)
+#named_chroot_autoupdate="YES"	# Automatically install/update chrooted
 				# components of named. See /etc/rc.d/named.
 named_symlink_enable="YES"	# Symlink the chrooted pid file









20:25:52




#/etc/netstart restart





devd already running? (pid=666).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
re0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
        inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
        ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
...
00020 allow tcp from any to any
00030 allow tcp from any to any dst-port 5902
Firewall rules loaded.
net.inet.ip.fw.enable: 1 -> 1
add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254
add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30
Additional routing options:.











20:25:52




#/etc/netstart restart


devd already running? (pid=666).
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
re0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
        inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
        ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
...
00020 allow tcp from any to any
00030 allow tcp from any to any dst-port 5902
Firewall rules loaded.
net.inet.ip.fw.enable: 1 -> 1
add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254
add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30
Additional routing options:.











20:26:00




#rehash





bash: rehash: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ











20:26:00




#rehash





bash: rehash: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ











20:26:07




#named















20:26:07




#named















20:26:17




#ps waux | grep named





root    4418  0,0  0,2  1612  1056  p2  S+   21:26     0:00,01 grep named











20:26:17




#ps waux | grep named


root    4418  0,0  0,2  1612  1056  p2  S+   21:26     0:00,01 grep named











20:26:24




#tail /var/log/messages


Aug  7 20:42:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 21:00:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 21:01:08 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode enabled
Aug  7 21:02:21 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode disabled
Aug  7 21:02:30 fbsd4 kernel: re0: promiscuous mode enabled
Aug  7 21:18:32 fbsd4 inetd[1028]: ssh/tcp: bind: Address already in use
Aug  7 21:26:17 fbsd4 named[4409]: starting BIND 9.3.4-P1
Aug  7 21:26:17 fbsd4 named[4409]: /etc/namedb/named.conf:16: missing ';' before 'pid-file'
Aug  7 21:26:17 fbsd4 named[4409]: loading configuration: failure
Aug  7 21:26:17 fbsd4 named[4409]: exiting (due to fatal error)









Статистика
Время первой команды журнала19:39:09 2009- 8- 7
Время последней команды журнала20:26:24 2009- 8- 7
Количество командных строк в журнале101
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, %25.74
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % 5.94
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час 0.79
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 2.14
Частота использования команд
dig32|============================| 28.83%
vim14|============| 12.61%
ping12|==========| 10.81%
ps8|=======|  7.21%
grep8|=======|  7.21%
named6|=====|  5.41%
/etc/netstart4|===|  3.60%
tcpdump4|===|  3.60%
ssh4|===|  3.60%
options4|===|  3.60%
tail3|==|  2.70%
less2|=|  1.80%
~2|=|  1.80%
142|=|  1.80%
tcpd2|=|  1.80%
:q2|=|  1.80%
rehash2|=|  1.80%
____
*) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются
Справка
    Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного:
    всё происходит само собой.
    Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов
    было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:
    
    
    
  1.  
    В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
    
    2. 
    
  2. 
    Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, 
    и команды записываются, дайте команду w.
    В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, 
    должна быть указана программа script.
    
    3. 
    
  3. 
    Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, 
    выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:

    

    


    $ l s-l
    

    bash: l: command not found

    
    		

    

    

    
    
    4. 
    
  4. 
    Если код завершения команды равен нулю, 
    команда была выполнена без ошибок.
    Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.

    

    


    $ test 5 -lt 4
    

    		

    

    
    Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля
    не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой.
    Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

    
    
    5. 
    
  5. 
    Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.

    

    


    $ find / -name abc
    

    find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung
^C

    
    		

    

    

    
    
    6. 
    
  6. 
    Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя,
    выделяются слева красной чертой.

    

    


    # id
    

    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)

    
    		

    

    
    
    
    
    7. 
    
  7. 
    Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, 
    запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed.
    Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки,
    начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.

    

    


    $ vi ~/.bashrc
    

    2a3,5
>    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
>         . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion
>        fi

    		

    

    
    
    
    
    8. 
    
  8. 
    Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте
    изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch.
    Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в
    качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения,
    и всавить скопированный текст:

    

    


    $ patch ~/.bashrc
    
    		

    

    
    В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc
    
    9. 
    
  9. 
    Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, 
    нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое
    описание команды.
    
    
    
    
    Если справочная информация о команде есть, 
    команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi.
    Если справочная информация отсутствует,
    команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe.
    Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, 
    если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно;
    (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo.
    Последнее возможно для редких команд.
    
    10. 
    
  10. 
    Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше 
    всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer.
    В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, 
    а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
    
    11. 
    
  11. 
    Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени 
    начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, 
    когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
    
    12. 
    
  12. 
    Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке.
    Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал
    текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
    
    13. 
    
  13. 
    Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала,
    таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить.
    Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом
    вверху страницы.
    
    14. 
    
  14. 
    Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки.
    Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v.
    Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий:
    ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей.
    Например, если в командной строке было введено:

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    $ #^ Интересно, кто я?

    
    в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
    

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    

      Интересно, кто я?
     
     
    
    15. 
    
  15. 
    Если комментарий содержит несколько строк,
    его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    $ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?

    

    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
-
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
в этом мире.

    
    В журнале это будет выглядеть так:

    

    


    $ whoami
    

    user

    

    Интересно, кто я?
    
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
    
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
    

    
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
    
в этом мире.
    

    
    		

    

    
    Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой
    используйте символ "-", один в строке.
    
    

    16. 
    
  16. 
    Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, 
    добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v 
    нужно использовать символы #=
    
    17. 

    
  17. 
    Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале.
    Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat.
    Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, 
    содержимое файла будет показано в журнале
    в специально отведённой для этого секции.
    
    18. 

    
    
    
  18. 
    Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал,
    нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot.
    После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое
    должно быть в журнале.
    
    19. 
    
    

    
    
    
  19. 
    Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке.
    Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах,
    в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения.

    1
    2
3   
    4

    
    Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
    Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
    Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, 
    нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
    
    20. 
    
    



О программе
    

    LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.

    Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.

    (c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

    

$Id$