/l3/users/27-07-2009/nt-fbsdnet/fbsd4.net.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 |
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.30
![]() add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 255.255.255.224 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.3
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32 netmask 255.255.255.224192.168.54.3
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224
![]() |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224
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#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 255.255.255.224 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 netmask
![]() route: bad address: netmask |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 netmask
![]() route: bad address: netmask |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 n
![]() |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32
![]() route: bad address: mask |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 n
![]() |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32
![]() route: bad address: mask |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30
![]() add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.30
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#/etc/netstart
![]() devd already running? (pid=705). lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 Additional routing options:. |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.30
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#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=705). lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 Additional routing options:. |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.30
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#netstat -rn -f inet
![]() Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 11 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 18 re0 1197 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 2 re0 1198 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 2 0 re1 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.30
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#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 11 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 18 re0 1197 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 2 re0 1198 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 2 0 re1 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 |
#sh /etc/rc.d/rout
![]() route6d routed routing |
#sh /etc/rc.d/routed
![]() Usage: /etc/rc.d/routed [fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|status|poll) |
#sh /etc/rc.d/rout
![]() route6d routed routing |
#sh /etc/rc.d/routed
![]() Usage: /etc/rc.d/routed [fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|status|poll) |
#sh /etc/rc.d/routed restart
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#sh /etc/rc.d/routed restart
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#netstat -rn -f inet
![]() Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 26 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 89 re0 1143 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 5 re0 1191 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 2 0 re1 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 26 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 89 re0 1143 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 5 re0 1191 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 2 0 re1 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 |
#sh /etc/rc.d/routing restart
![]() default 192.168.16.254 done 192.168.54.32 192.168.54.30 done add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 Additional routing options:. |
#sh /etc/rc.d/routing restart
default 192.168.16.254 done 192.168.54.32 192.168.54.30 done add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 Additional routing options:. |
#netstat -rn -f inet
![]() Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 6 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 122 re0 1134 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 6 re0 1194 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 1 0 re1 |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 6 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 122 re0 1134 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 6 re0 1194 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 1 0 re1 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30
![]() add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30
![]() add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30
![]() add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30
![]() add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#route add -net 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30
add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30 |
#netstat -rn -f inet
![]() Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 26 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 219 re0 1079 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 10 re0 1185 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 5 0 re1 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 26 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 219 re0 1079 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 10 re0 1185 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 5 0 re1 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 |
#sysctl -a | grep forward
![]() kern.smp.forward_signal_enabled: 1 kern.smp.forward_roundrobin_enabled: 1 net.inet.ip.forwarding: 1 net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0 net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0 |
#sysctl -a | grep forward
kern.smp.forward_signal_enabled: 1 kern.smp.forward_roundrobin_enabled: 1 net.inet.ip.forwarding: 1 net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0 net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0 |
#vim /etc/sysctl.conf
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#vim /etc/sysctl.conf
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#net.inet.ip.fo
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#net.inet.ip.fo
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#netstat -rn -f inet
![]() Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 50 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 24 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 316 re0 886 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UHLW 1 881 re0 1056 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 22 re0 1174 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 5 0 re1 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 50 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 24 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 316 re0 886 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UHLW 1 881 re0 1056 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 22 re0 1174 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 192.168.54.30 link#2 UHLW 5 0 re1 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 |
#traceroute -n
![]() Version 1.4a12+FreeBSD Usage: traceroute [-dDeFInrSvx] [-f first_ttl] [-g gateway] [-i iface] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-P proto] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w waittime] [-z pausemsecs] host [packetlen] |
#traceroute -n
![]() Version 1.4a12+FreeBSD Usage: traceroute [-dDeFInrSvx] [-f first_ttl] [-g gateway] [-i iface] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-P proto] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w waittime] [-z pausemsecs] host [packetlen] |
#traceroute -n
![]() Version 1.4a12+FreeBSD Usage: traceroute [-dDeFInrSvx] [-f first_ttl] [-g gateway] [-i iface] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-P proto] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w waittime] [-z pausemsecs] host [packetlen] |
#traceroute -n
![]() Version 1.4a12+FreeBSD Usage: traceroute [-dDeFInrSvx] [-f first_ttl] [-g gateway] [-i iface] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-P proto] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w waittime] [-z pausemsecs] host [packetlen] |
#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf
![]() removable_route_flush="NO" # Flush routes when removing an interface #gif_interfaces="gif0 gif1" # Examples typically for a router. #gifconfig_gif0="10.1.1.1 10.1.2.1" # Examples typically for a router. #gifconfig_gif1="10.1.1.2 10.1.2.2" # Examples typically for a router. defaultrouter="NO" # Set to default gateway (or NO). static_routes="" # Set to static route list (or leave empty). natm_static_routes="" # Set to static route list for NATM (or leave empty). router_enable="NO" # Set to YES to enable a routing daemon. router="/sbin/routed" # Name of routing daemon to use if enabled. router_flags="-q" # Flags for routing daemon. ... #ipv6_router_flags="-q" # If you want to run a routing daemon on an end #ipv6_network_interfaces="ed0 ep0" # Examples for router rtsol_flags="" # Flags to IPv6 router solicitation. rtadvd_enable="NO" # Set to YES to enable an IPv6 router # this router becomes a possible candidate # IPv6 default router for local subnets. mroute6d_enable="NO" # Do IPv6 multicast routing. mroute6d_program="/usr/local/sbin/pim6dd" # Name of IPv6 multicast mroute6d_flags="" # Flags to IPv6 multicast routing daemon. jail_socket_unixiproute_only="YES" # Route only TCP/IP within a jail |
#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf
removable_route_flush="NO" # Flush routes when removing an interface #gif_interfaces="gif0 gif1" # Examples typically for a router. #gifconfig_gif0="10.1.1.1 10.1.2.1" # Examples typically for a router. #gifconfig_gif1="10.1.1.2 10.1.2.2" # Examples typically for a router. defaultrouter="NO" # Set to default gateway (or NO). static_routes="" # Set to static route list (or leave empty). natm_static_routes="" # Set to static route list for NATM (or leave empty). router_enable="NO" # Set to YES to enable a routing daemon. router="/sbin/routed" # Name of routing daemon to use if enabled. router_flags="-q" # Flags for routing daemon. ... #ipv6_router_flags="-q" # If you want to run a routing daemon on an end #ipv6_network_interfaces="ed0 ep0" # Examples for router rtsol_flags="" # Flags to IPv6 router solicitation. rtadvd_enable="NO" # Set to YES to enable an IPv6 router # this router becomes a possible candidate # IPv6 default router for local subnets. mroute6d_enable="NO" # Do IPv6 multicast routing. mroute6d_program="/usr/local/sbin/pim6dd" # Name of IPv6 multicast mroute6d_flags="" # Flags to IPv6 multicast routing daemon. jail_socket_unixiproute_only="YES" # Route only TCP/IP within a jail |
#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf | less
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#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf | less
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#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf | cat -n | less
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#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf | cat -n | less
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#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf | less
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#grep route /etc/defaults/rc.conf | less
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#vim /etc/rc.conf
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#vim /etc/rc.conf
![]() |
#rm /etc/.rc.conf.swp
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#rm /etc/.rc.conf.swp
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#vim /etc/rc.conf
![]() --- /tmp/l3-saved-3289.21068.26904 2009-07-31 19:16:46.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/rc.conf 2009-07-31 19:20:31.000000000 +0300 @@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866" usbd_enable="YES" inetd_enable=yes -ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.250 netmask 255.255.255.0" defaultrouter="192.168.16.254" -hostname="fbsdvm.unix.nt" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 255.255.255.0" hostname="fbsd4.net.nt" +static_routes="54_32 54_64 54_96 54_128" +route_54_32="-net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30" +route_54_64="-net 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30" +route_54_96="-net 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30" +route_54_128="-net 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30" |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
![]() --- /tmp/l3-saved-3289.21068.26904 2009-07-31 19:16:46.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/rc.conf 2009-07-31 19:20:31.000000000 +0300 @@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866" usbd_enable="YES" inetd_enable=yes -ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.250 netmask 255.255.255.0" defaultrouter="192.168.16.254" -hostname="fbsdvm.unix.nt" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 255.255.255.0" hostname="fbsd4.net.nt" +static_routes="54_32 54_64 54_96 54_128" +route_54_32="-net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30" +route_54_64="-net 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30" +route_54_96="-net 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30" +route_54_128="-net 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30" |
#mail
![]() Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help. "/var/mail/root": 708 messages 691 new 708 unread U 1 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 16:20 24/938 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 2 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 16:30 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 3 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 16:40 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 4 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 16:50 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 5 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 17:00 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 6 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 17:10 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 7 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 17:20 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 8 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 17:30 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " ... Subject: Cron <root@fbsdvm> ntpdate ntp.psn.ru X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/var/log> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> 24 Jul 19:40:23 ntpdate[959]: adjust time server 194.149.67.130 offset 0.047718 sec & q Saved 1 message in mbox Held 707 messages in /var/mail/root |
#mail
Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help. "/var/mail/root": 708 messages 691 new 708 unread U 1 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 16:20 24/938 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 2 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 16:30 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 3 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 16:40 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 4 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 16:50 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 5 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 17:00 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 6 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 17:10 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 7 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 17:20 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " U 8 root@fbsdvm.unix.nt Fri Jul 24 17:30 24/936 "Cron <root@fbsdvm> " ... Subject: Cron <root@fbsdvm> ntpdate ntp.psn.ru X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/var/log> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> 24 Jul 19:40:23 ntpdate[959]: adjust time server 194.149.67.130 offset 0.047718 sec & q Saved 1 message in mbox Held 707 messages in /var/mail/root |
#cat /etc/rc.conf
![]() sshd_enable="yes" font8x14="cp866-8x14" font8x16="cp866b-8x16" font8x8="cp866-8x8" keymap="ru.koi8-r" keyrate="normal" local_startup="/usr/local/etc/rc.d" mousechar_start="3" moused_enable="YES" saver="fire" scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866" usbd_enable="YES" inetd_enable=yes defaultrouter="192.168.16.254" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 255.255.255.0" hostname="fbsd4.net.nt" static_routes="54_32 54_64 54_96 54_128" route_54_32="-net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_64="-net 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_96="-net 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_128="-net 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30" |
#cat /etc/rc.conf
sshd_enable="yes" font8x14="cp866-8x14" font8x16="cp866b-8x16" font8x8="cp866-8x8" keymap="ru.koi8-r" keyrate="normal" local_startup="/usr/local/etc/rc.d" mousechar_start="3" moused_enable="YES" saver="fire" scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866" usbd_enable="YES" inetd_enable=yes defaultrouter="192.168.16.254" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 255.255.255.0" hostname="fbsd4.net.nt" static_routes="54_32 54_64 54_96 54_128" route_54_32="-net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_64="-net 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_96="-net 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_128="-net 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30" |
#netstat -rn -f inet > /tmp/before
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#netstat -rn -f inet > /tmp/before
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#/etc/rc.d/routing restart
![]() default 192.168.16.254 done 192.168.54.32 192.168.54.30 done 192.168.54.64 192.168.54.30 done 192.168.54.96 192.168.54.30 done 192.168.54.128 192.168.54.30 done add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30 add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30 add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30 add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30 Additional routing options:. |
#/etc/rc.d/routing restart
default 192.168.16.254 done 192.168.54.32 192.168.54.30 done 192.168.54.64 192.168.54.30 done 192.168.54.96 192.168.54.30 done 192.168.54.128 192.168.54.30 done add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30 add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30 add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30 add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30 Additional routing options:. |
#netstat -rn -f inet > /tmp/after
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#netstat -rn -f inet > /tmp/after
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#vimdiff /tmp/after /tmp/before
![]() 192.168.16 link#1 Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 1684 re0 UH 0 96 lo0 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 1107 re0 745 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UHLW 1 5459 re0 193 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 75 re0 1175 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 "/192.168.54.30 00:16:3e:00:01:04 UHLW 5 0 re1 1189 ... 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 6 re1 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 772 re1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root |
#vimdiff /tmp/after /tmp/before
192.168.16 link#1 Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 1684 re0 UH 0 96 lo0 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 1107 re0 745 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UHLW 1 5459 re0 193 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 75 re0 1175 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 "/192.168.54.30 00:16:3e:00:01:04 UHLW 5 0 re1 1189 ... 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 6 re1 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 772 re1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root |
#netstat -rn
![]() Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 48 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 96 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 1235 re0 692 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UHLW 1 5459 re0 140 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 79 re0 1163 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 ... 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 23 re1 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 48 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 96 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.7 00:16:3e:00:00:07 UHLW 1 1235 re0 692 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UHLW 1 5459 re0 140 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 79 re0 1163 192.168.54/27 link#2 UC 0 0 re1 ... 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 0 re1 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30 UGS 0 23 re1 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#/etc/netstart restart
![]() devd already running? (pid=705). lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30: route already in table route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30: route already in table route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30: route already in table route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30: route already in table Additional routing options:. |
#/etc/netstart restart
devd already running? (pid=705). lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net 192.168.54.32: gateway 192.168.54.30: route already in table route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net 192.168.54.64: gateway 192.168.54.30: route already in table route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net 192.168.54.96: gateway 192.168.54.30: route already in table route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net 192.168.54.128: gateway 192.168.54.30: route already in table Additional routing options:. |
#cat /etc/sysctl.conf
![]() # $FreeBSD: src/etc/sysctl.conf,v 1.8 2003/03/13 18:43:50 mux Exp $ # # This file is read when going to multi-user and its contents piped thru # ``sysctl'' to adjust kernel values. ``man 5 sysctl.conf'' for details. # # Uncomment this to prevent users from seeing information about processes that # are being run under another UID. #security.bsd.see_other_uids=0 net.inet6.ip6.v6only=0 net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 |
#cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# $FreeBSD: src/etc/sysctl.conf,v 1.8 2003/03/13 18:43:50 mux Exp $ # # This file is read when going to multi-user and its contents piped thru # ``sysctl'' to adjust kernel values. ``man 5 sysctl.conf'' for details. # # Uncomment this to prevent users from seeing information about processes that # are being run under another UID. #security.bsd.see_other_uids=0 net.inet6.ip6.v6only=0 net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
![]() --- /tmp/l3-saved-1193.12299.32593 2009-07-31 19:30:59.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/rc.conf 2009-07-31 19:31:48.000000000 +0300 @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ inetd_enable=yes defaultrouter="192.168.16.254" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 255.255.255.0" +ifconfig_re1="inet 192.168.54.1 netmask 255.255.255.224" hostname="fbsd4.net.nt" static_routes="54_32 54_64 54_96 54_128" route_54_32="-net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30" |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-1193.12299.32593 2009-07-31 19:30:59.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/rc.conf 2009-07-31 19:31:48.000000000 +0300 @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ inetd_enable=yes defaultrouter="192.168.16.254" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 255.255.255.0" +ifconfig_re1="inet 192.168.54.1 netmask 255.255.255.224" hostname="fbsd4.net.nt" static_routes="54_32 54_64 54_96 54_128" route_54_32="-net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30" |
#cd /usr/ports/security/xinetd/
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#make install
![]() configure: WARNING: ## ------------------------------------------ ## configure: WARNING: ## Report this to the AC_PACKAGE_NAME lists. ## configure: WARNING: ## ------------------------------------------ ## checking for rpc/pmap_clnt.h... yes checking sys/socket.h usability... yes checking sys/socket.h presence... yes checking for sys/socket.h... yes checking sys/signal.h usability... yes checking sys/signal.h presence... yes checking for sys/signal.h... yes ... cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o access.o access.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o addr.o addr.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o builtins.o builtins.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o child.o child.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o conf.o conf.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o confparse.o confparse.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o connection.o connection.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o env.o env.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o ident.o ident.c ^Cgmake: *** [makeprog] Interrupt: 2 |
#make install
![]() configure: WARNING: ## ------------------------------------------ ## configure: WARNING: ## Report this to the AC_PACKAGE_NAME lists. ## configure: WARNING: ## ------------------------------------------ ## checking for rpc/pmap_clnt.h... yes checking sys/socket.h usability... yes checking sys/socket.h presence... yes checking for sys/socket.h... yes checking sys/signal.h usability... yes checking sys/signal.h presence... yes checking for sys/signal.h... yes ... cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o access.o access.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o addr.o addr.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o builtins.o builtins.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o child.o child.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o conf.o conf.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o confparse.o confparse.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o connection.o connection.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o env.o env.c cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I../libs/include -c -o ident.o ident.c ^Cgmake: *** [makeprog] Interrupt: 2 |
#cd /usr/ports/security/xinetd/
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sshd_enable="yes" font8x14="cp866-8x14" font8x16="cp866b-8x16" font8x8="cp866-8x8" keymap="ru.koi8-r" keyrate="normal" local_startup="/usr/local/etc/rc.d" mousechar_start="3" moused_enable="YES" saver="fire" scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866" usbd_enable="YES" inetd_enable=yes defaultrouter="192.168.16.254" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 255.255.255.0" hostname="fbsd4.net.nt" static_routes="54_32 54_64 54_96 54_128" route_54_32="-net 192.168.54.32/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_64="-net 192.168.54.64/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_96="-net 192.168.54.96/27 192.168.54.30" route_54_128="-net 192.168.54.128/27 192.168.54.30"
# $FreeBSD: src/etc/sysctl.conf,v 1.8 2003/03/13 18:43:50 mux Exp $ # # This file is read when going to multi-user and its contents piped thru # ``sysctl'' to adjust kernel values. ``man 5 sysctl.conf'' for details. # # Uncomment this to prevent users from seeing information about processes that # are being run under another UID. #security.bsd.see_other_uids=0 net.inet6.ip6.v6only=0 net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
Время первой команды журнала | 17:43:56 2009- 7-31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 20:40:03 2009- 7-31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 15.84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 0.80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 2.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008