| /l3/users/27-07-2009/nt-fbsdnet/fbsd4.net.nt/user :1 :2 :3 |
|
|
$ssh user@192.168.16.7
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.7 (192.168.16.7)' can't be established. DSA key fingerprint is 85:66:04:0d:64:83:45:f3:35:58:eb:35:cc:e5:92:50. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Host key verification failed. |
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$ssh user@192.168.16.7
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.7 (192.168.16.7)' can't be established. DSA key fingerprint is 85:66:04:0d:64:83:45:f3:35:58:eb:35:cc:e5:92:50. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.7' (DSA) to the list of known hosts. user@192.168.16.7's password: Linux debiant 2.6.18-5-xen-686 #1 SMP Fri Jun 1 05:05:24 UTC 2007 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Jul 27 18:42:32 2009 from fbsd25.net.nt l3-agent is already running: pid=1259; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
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$arp -an
? (192.168.16.7) at 00:16:3e:00:00:07 on re0 [ethernet] ? (192.168.16.204) at 00:16:35:7d:81:ee on re0 [ethernet] ? (192.168.16.254) at 00:04:75:75:46:b1 on re0 [ethernet] |
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$ping 192.168.16.7
PING 192.168.16.7 (192.168.16.7): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.7: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.148 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.7: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.185 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.7: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.7: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.124 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.7: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.166 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.7: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.7 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 6 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.124/0.162/0.189/0.022 ms |
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$ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:3e:44:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
|
$cd ~
|
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$ls
Desktop gdb.core ug-bsdnet.pdf ug-lnet.pdf |
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#vi /etc/inetd.conf
|
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#/etc/rc.d/i
ike ip6addrctl ipfs ipnat isdnd inetd ip6fw ipfw ipsec initrandom ipfilter ipmon ipxrouted |
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#/etc/rc.d/inetd restart
Stopping inetd. Starting inetd. |
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#exit
exit |
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$ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:01:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:02:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
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$ifconfig -a
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:01:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:02:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
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$sudo netstat -rn
Password: Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 8 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 53 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.204 00:16:35:7d:81:ee UHLW 1 2622 re0 974 192.168.16.254 00:04:75:75:46:b1 UHLW 2 22 re0 1119 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
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$ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:3e:44:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
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$ssh user@192.168.16.7
user@192.168.16.7's password: Linux debiant 2.6.18-5-xen-686 #1 SMP Fri Jun 1 05:05:24 UTC 2007 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Wed Jul 29 17:50:00 2009 from host202.net.nt l3-agent is already running: pid=1259; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
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$su
Password: su: Sorry |
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$su
Password: |
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#exit
exit |
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$ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:01:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:02:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
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$cd /usr/ports/
|
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$cd /usr/ports/ne
net/ net-im/ net-mgmt/ net-p2p/ news/ |
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$cd /usr/ports/net/
|
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$ne
neqn newaliases newgrp nex netstat newfs newkey nextboot network-admin newfs_msdos newsyslog |
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$network-admin
(network-admin:1433): Liboobs-WARNING **: Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: No such file or directory (network-admin:1433): Liboobs-WARNING **: OobsSession object hasn't connected to the bus, cannot register OobsObject (network-admin:1433): Liboobs-WARNING **: could send message, OobsSession hasn't connected to the bus (network-admin:1433): Liboobs-WARNING **: OobsSession object hasn't connected to the bus, cannot register OobsObject (network-admin:1433): Liboobs-WARNING **: could send message, OobsSession hasn't connected to the bus (network-admin:1433): Liboobs-CRITICAL **: oobs_session_get_platform: assertion `priv->connection != NULL' failed |
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$su -
Password: |
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#cd /usr/ports/net/
|
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#ls
nc6 ssltunnel-server ncp ssmping ncplib ssvnc ndisc6 stone nemesis straw nepenthes stund nepim suckblow net-http sup net6 tableutil netatalk tac_plus-libradius ... p5-Net-MovableType yazproxy p5-Net-NBName yptransitd p5-Net-NBsocket ytalk p5-Net-NIS zebra p5-Net-NIS-Listgroup zebra-server p5-Net-OAuth zillion p5-Net-OpenDHT zniper p5-Net-OpenID-Consumer zsync p5-Net-Packet ztelnet p5-Net-Packet-Target |
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#ls
nc6 ssltunnel-server ncp ssmping ncplib ssvnc ndisc6 stone nemesis straw nepenthes stund nepim suckblow net-http sup net6 tableutil netatalk tac_plus-libradius ... p5-Net-MovableType yazproxy p5-Net-NBName yptransitd p5-Net-NBsocket ytalk p5-Net-NIS zebra p5-Net-NIS-Listgroup zebra-server p5-Net-OAuth zillion p5-Net-OpenDHT zniper p5-Net-OpenID-Consumer zsync p5-Net-Packet ztelnet p5-Net-Packet-Target |
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#net
netstat network-admin |
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#net
netstat network-admin |
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#network-admin
(network-admin:1528): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: |
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#cd network-admin
bash: cd: network-admin: No such file or directory |
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#make search name=ipcalc
Port: net/ipcalc Moved: net-mgmt/ipcalc Date: 2004-02-22 Reason: new category Port: net/sipcalc Moved: net-mgmt/sipcalc Date: 2004-02-22 Reason: new category |
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#pwd
/usr/ports/net |
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#cd ..
|
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#ne
neqn newaliases newgrp nex netstat newfs newkey nextboot network-admin newfs_msdos newsyslog |
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#necd /
bash: necd: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ |
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#cd /
|
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#make search name=ipcalc
make: don't know how to make search. Stop |
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#make search -r /name=ipcalc
make: don't know how to make search. Stop |
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#cd usr
|
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#make search name=ipcalc
make: don't know how to make search. Stop |
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#cd ports
|
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#ls
.cvsignore arabic emulators mbone shells CHANGES archivers finance misc sysutils COPYRIGHT astro french multimedia textproc GIDs audio ftp net ukrainian INDEX-6 benchmarks games net-im vietnamese KNOBS biology german net-mgmt www LEGAL cad graphics net-p2p x11 MOVED chinese hebrew news x11-clocks Makefile comms hungarian palm x11-drivers Mk converters irc polish x11-fm README databases japanese ports-mgmt x11-fonts Templates deskutils java portuguese x11-servers Tools devel korean print x11-themes UIDs distfiles lang russian x11-toolkits UPDATING dns mail science x11-wm accessibility editors math security |
|
#cd net
|
|
#ls
nc6 ssltunnel-server ncp ssmping ncplib ssvnc ndisc6 stone nemesis straw nepenthes stund nepim suckblow net-http sup net6 tableutil netatalk tac_plus-libradius ... p5-Net-MovableType yazproxy p5-Net-NBName yptransitd p5-Net-NBsocket ytalk p5-Net-NIS zebra p5-Net-NIS-Listgroup zebra-server p5-Net-OAuth zillion p5-Net-OpenDHT zniper p5-Net-OpenID-Consumer zsync p5-Net-Packet ztelnet p5-Net-Packet-Target |
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#cd ip
ip6_int/ ipfw-graph/ ipsumdump/ ipw-firmware/ ipa_ip6fw/ ipgrab/ ipsvd/ ipw-firmware-kmod/ ipa_ipfw/ iplog/ ipv6socket_scrub/ ipex/ ipsorc/ ipvs/ |
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#make search name=ipcalc
Port: net/ipcalc Moved: net-mgmt/ipcalc Date: 2004-02-22 Reason: new category Port: net/sipcalc Moved: net-mgmt/sipcalc Date: 2004-02-22 Reason: new category |
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#cd ipcalc
bash: cd: ipcalc: No such file or directory |
|
#ls | less
|
|
#pwd
/usr/ports/net |
|
#ping ya.ru
PING ya.ru (93.158.134.8): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 93.158.134.8: icmp_seq=0 ttl=50 time=54.341 ms ^C --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 54.341/54.341/54.341/0.000 ms |
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#cd /usr/ports/net-mgmt/ipcalc/
|
|
#make install
===> Vulnerability check disabled, database not found => ipcalc-0.41.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/. => Attempting to fetch from http://jodies.de/ipcalc-archive/. ipcalc-0.41.tar.gz 100% of 21 kB 160 kBps ===> Extracting for ipcalc-0.41 => MD5 Checksum OK for ipcalc-0.41.tar.gz. => SHA256 Checksum OK for ipcalc-0.41.tar.gz. ===> ipcalc-0.41 depends on file: /usr/local/bin/perl5.8.8 - found ===> Patching for ipcalc-0.41 ===> ipcalc-0.41 depends on file: /usr/local/bin/perl5.8.8 - found ===> ipcalc-0.41 depends on file: /usr/local/bin/perl5.8.8 - found ===> Configuring for ipcalc-0.41 ===> Installing for ipcalc-0.41 ===> ipcalc-0.41 depends on file: /usr/local/bin/perl5.8.8 - found ===> Generating temporary packing list ===> Checking if net-mgmt/ipcalc already installed install -o root -g wheel -m 555 /usr/ports/net-mgmt/ipcalc/work/ipcalc-0.41/ipcalc /usr/local/bin/ipcalc ===> Registering installation for ipcalc-0.41 |
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#cd net-mgmt/
|
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#ls
Makefile isic p5-Net-IP-Match-XS NeTraMet jffnms p5-Net-IP-Resolver TkTopNetFlows junipoll p5-Net-IPv4Addr aggregate kismet p5-Net-IPv6Addr aguri knowlan p5-Net-Netmask aircrack-ng libsmi p5-Net-SNMP airport macroscope p5-NetAddr-IP angst mbrowse p5-NetAddr-IP-Lite annextools mrtg p5-POE-Component-SNMP ap-utils mrtg-ping-probe p5-SNMP ... ipacctd p5-Altoids wdiag ipaudit p5-Cflow weathermap ipcad p5-Cisco-Reconfig weplab ipcalc p5-Mon whatmask ipfm p5-NSNMP wide-dhcp ipplan p5-Nagios-Plugin yabm ipsectrace p5-Net-ACL zabbix ipv6calc p5-Net-CIDR zabbix-agent ipv6gen p5-Net-IP irrtoolset p5-Net-IP-Match-Regexp |
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#ipcalc
Usage: ipcalc [options] <ADDRESS>[[/]<NETMASK>] [NETMASK] ipcalc takes an IP address and netmask and calculates the resulting broadcast, network, Cisco wildcard mask, and host range. By giving a second netmask, you can design sub- and supernetworks. It is also intended to be a teaching tool and presents the results as easy-to-understand binary values. -n --nocolor Don't display ANSI color codes. -b --nobinary Suppress the bitwise output. -c --class Just print bit-count-mask of given address. -h --html Display results as HTML (not finished in this version). -v --version Print Version. ... ipcalc 192.168.0.1/24 ipcalc 192.168.0.1/255.255.128.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 0.0.63.255 ipcalc <ADDRESS1> - <ADDRESS2> deaggregate address range ipcalc <ADDRESS>/<NETMASK> --s a b c split network to subnets where a b c fits in. ! New HTML support not yet finished. ipcalc 0.41 |
|
#ipcalc 192.168.63.0/28
Address: 192.168.63.0 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 Netmask: 255.255.255.240 = 28 11111111.11111111.11111111.1111 0000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.15 00000000.00000000.00000000.0000 1111 => Network: 192.168.63.0/28 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0001 HostMax: 192.168.63.14 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.15 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1111 Hosts/Net: 14 Class C, Private Internet |
|
#ipcalc
Usage: ipcalc [options] <ADDRESS>[[/]<NETMASK>] [NETMASK] ipcalc takes an IP address and netmask and calculates the resulting broadcast, network, Cisco wildcard mask, and host range. By giving a second netmask, you can design sub- and supernetworks. It is also intended to be a teaching tool and presents the results as easy-to-understand binary values. -n --nocolor Don't display ANSI color codes. -b --nobinary Suppress the bitwise output. -c --class Just print bit-count-mask of given address. -h --html Display results as HTML (not finished in this version). -v --version Print Version. ... ipcalc 192.168.0.1/24 ipcalc 192.168.0.1/255.255.128.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 0.0.63.255 ipcalc <ADDRESS1> - <ADDRESS2> deaggregate address range ipcalc <ADDRESS>/<NETMASK> --s a b c split network to subnets where a b c fits in. ! New HTML support not yet finished. ipcalc 0.41 |
|
#ipcalc -n 192.168.63.0/28 255.255.63.0
INVALID NETMASK INVALID MASK2: 255.255.63.0 Address: 192.168.63.0 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 Netmask: 255.255.255.240 = 28 11111111.11111111.11111111.1111 0000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.15 00000000.00000000.00000000.0000 1111 => Network: 192.168.63.0/28 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0001 HostMax: 192.168.63.14 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.15 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1111 Hosts/Net: 14 Class C, Private Internet Supernet Netmask: 255.255.255.0 = 24 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.255 00000000.00000000.00000000. 11111111 Network: 192.168.63.0/24 11000000.10101000.00111111. 00000000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111. 00000001 HostMax: 192.168.63.254 11000000.10101000.00111111. 11111110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.255 11000000.10101000.00111111. 11111111 Hosts/Net: 254 Class C, Private Internet |
|
#ipcalc -n 192.168.63.0/28 255.255.255.0
Address: 192.168.63.0 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 Netmask: 255.255.255.240 = 28 11111111.11111111.11111111.1111 0000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.15 00000000.00000000.00000000.0000 1111 => Network: 192.168.63.0/28 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0001 HostMax: 192.168.63.14 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.15 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1111 Hosts/Net: 14 Class C, Private Internet Supernet Netmask: 255.255.255.0 = 24 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.255 00000000.00000000.00000000. 11111111 Network: 192.168.63.0/24 11000000.10101000.00111111. 00000000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111. 00000001 HostMax: 192.168.63.254 11000000.10101000.00111111. 11111110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.255 11000000.10101000.00111111. 11111111 Hosts/Net: 254 Class C, Private Internet |
|
#ipcalc -n 192.168.63.0/28 255.255.63
INVALID NETMASK INVALID MASK2: 255.255.63.0 Address: 192.168.63.0 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 Netmask: 255.255.255.240 = 28 11111111.11111111.11111111.1111 0000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.15 00000000.00000000.00000000.0000 1111 => Network: 192.168.63.0/28 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0001 HostMax: 192.168.63.14 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.15 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1111 Hosts/Net: 14 Class C, Private Internet Supernet Netmask: 255.255.255.0 = 24 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.255 00000000.00000000.00000000. 11111111 Network: 192.168.63.0/24 11000000.10101000.00111111. 00000000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111. 00000001 HostMax: 192.168.63.254 11000000.10101000.00111111. 11111110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.255 11000000.10101000.00111111. 11111111 Hosts/Net: 254 Class C, Private Internet |
|
#ipcalc
Usage: ipcalc [options] <ADDRESS>[[/]<NETMASK>] [NETMASK] ipcalc takes an IP address and netmask and calculates the resulting broadcast, network, Cisco wildcard mask, and host range. By giving a second netmask, you can design sub- and supernetworks. It is also intended to be a teaching tool and presents the results as easy-to-understand binary values. -n --nocolor Don't display ANSI color codes. -b --nobinary Suppress the bitwise output. -c --class Just print bit-count-mask of given address. -h --html Display results as HTML (not finished in this version). -v --version Print Version. ... ipcalc 192.168.0.1/24 ipcalc 192.168.0.1/255.255.128.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 0.0.63.255 ipcalc <ADDRESS1> - <ADDRESS2> deaggregate address range ipcalc <ADDRESS>/<NETMASK> --s a b c split network to subnets where a b c fits in. ! New HTML support not yet finished. ipcalc 0.41 |
|
#ipcalc -n 192.168.63.0/28 255.255.224=27
INVALID MASK2: 255.255.224=27 Address: 192.168.63.0 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 Netmask: 255.255.255.240 = 28 11111111.11111111.11111111.1111 0000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.15 00000000.00000000.00000000.0000 1111 => Network: 192.168.63.0/28 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0001 HostMax: 192.168.63.14 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.15 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1111 Hosts/Net: 14 Class C, Private Internet Supernet Netmask: 255.255.255.0 = 24 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.255 00000000.00000000.00000000. 11111111 Network: 192.168.63.0/24 11000000.10101000.00111111. 00000000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111. 00000001 HostMax: 192.168.63.254 11000000.10101000.00111111. 11111110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.255 11000000.10101000.00111111. 11111111 Hosts/Net: 254 Class C, Private Internet |
|
#ipcalc -n 192.168.63.0/28
Address: 192.168.63.0 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 Netmask: 255.255.255.240 = 28 11111111.11111111.11111111.1111 0000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.15 00000000.00000000.00000000.0000 1111 => Network: 192.168.63.0/28 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0001 HostMax: 192.168.63.14 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.15 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1111 Hosts/Net: 14 Class C, Private Internet õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root |
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#ipcalc -n 192.168.63.0/28 255.255.255.224
Address: 192.168.63.0 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 Netmask: 255.255.255.240 = 28 11111111.11111111.11111111.1111 0000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.15 00000000.00000000.00000000.0000 1111 => Network: 192.168.63.0/28 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 0001 HostMax: 192.168.63.14 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.15 11000000.10101000.00111111.0000 1111 Hosts/Net: 14 Class C, Private Internet Supernet Netmask: 255.255.255.224 = 27 11111111.11111111.11111111.111 00000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.31 00000000.00000000.00000000.000 11111 Network: 192.168.63.0/27 11000000.10101000.00111111.000 00000 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 11000000.10101000.00111111.000 00001 HostMax: 192.168.63.30 11000000.10101000.00111111.000 11110 Broadcast: 192.168.63.31 11000000.10101000.00111111.000 11111 Hosts/Net: 30 Class C, Private Internet |
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#ipcalc
Usage: ipcalc [options] <ADDRESS>[[/]<NETMASK>] [NETMASK] ipcalc takes an IP address and netmask and calculates the resulting broadcast, network, Cisco wildcard mask, and host range. By giving a second netmask, you can design sub- and supernetworks. It is also intended to be a teaching tool and presents the results as easy-to-understand binary values. -n --nocolor Don't display ANSI color codes. -b --nobinary Suppress the bitwise output. -c --class Just print bit-count-mask of given address. -h --html Display results as HTML (not finished in this version). -v --version Print Version. ... ipcalc 192.168.0.1/24 ipcalc 192.168.0.1/255.255.128.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 0.0.63.255 ipcalc <ADDRESS1> - <ADDRESS2> deaggregate address range ipcalc <ADDRESS>/<NETMASK> --s a b c split network to subnets where a b c fits in. ! New HTML support not yet finished. ipcalc 0.41 |
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#ipcalc --n c s v 63.0/28 255.255.255.224
INVALID ADDRESS: c INVALID MASK1: s INVALID MASK2: v Address: 192.168.1.1 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000001 Netmask: 255.255.255.0 = 24 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.0.255 00000000.00000000.00000000. 11111111 => Network: 192.168.1.0/24 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000 HostMin: 192.168.1.1 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000001 HostMax: 192.168.1.254 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111110 Broadcast: 192.168.1.255 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111 Hosts/Net: 254 Class C, Private Internet |
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#ipcalc -n -c -s -v 192.168.63.0/28 255.255.255.224
Argument for -s is missing or invalid |
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#ipcalc -nsv92.168.63.0/28 255.255.255.224
Argument for -s is missing or invalid |
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#ipcalc
Usage: ipcalc [options] <ADDRESS>[[/]<NETMASK>] [NETMASK] ipcalc takes an IP address and netmask and calculates the resulting broadcast, network, Cisco wildcard mask, and host range. By giving a second netmask, you can design sub- and supernetworks. It is also intended to be a teaching tool and presents the results as easy-to-understand binary values. -n --nocolor Don't display ANSI color codes. -b --nobinary Suppress the bitwise output. -c --class Just print bit-count-mask of given address. -h --html Display results as HTML (not finished in this version). -v --version Print Version. ... ipcalc 192.168.0.1/24 ipcalc 192.168.0.1/255.255.128.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 0.0.63.255 ipcalc <ADDRESS1> - <ADDRESS2> deaggregate address range ipcalc <ADDRESS>/<NETMASK> --s a b c split network to subnets where a b c fits in. ! New HTML support not yet finished. ipcalc 0.41 |
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#ipcalc -nv 192.168.63.0/28 255.255.255.224
0.41 |
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#ipcalc -nc192.168.63.0/28 255.255.255.224
|
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#ipcalc -nb192.168.63.0/28 255.255.255.224
Address: 192.168.63.0 Netmask: 255.255.255.240 = 28 Wildcard: 0.0.0.15 => Network: 192.168.63.0/28 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 HostMax: 192.168.63.14 Broadcast: 192.168.63.15 Hosts/Net: 14 Class C, Private Internet Supernet Netmask: 255.255.255.224 = 27 Wildcard: 0.0.0.31 Network: 192.168.63.0/27 HostMin: 192.168.63.1 HostMax: 192.168.63.30 Broadcast: 192.168.63.31 Hosts/Net: 30 Class C, Private Internet |
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#ipcalc -nb 192.168.54/27 255.255.255.224
Address: 192.168.54.0 Netmask: 255.255.255.224 = 27 Wildcard: 0.0.0.31 => Network: 192.168.54.0/27 HostMin: 192.168.54.1 HostMax: 192.168.54.30 Broadcast: 192.168.54.31 Hosts/Net: 30 Class C, Private Internet |
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#ipcalc
Usage: ipcalc [options] <ADDRESS>[[/]<NETMASK>] [NETMASK] ipcalc takes an IP address and netmask and calculates the resulting broadcast, network, Cisco wildcard mask, and host range. By giving a second netmask, you can design sub- and supernetworks. It is also intended to be a teaching tool and presents the results as easy-to-understand binary values. -n --nocolor Don't display ANSI color codes. -b --nobinary Suppress the bitwise output. -c --class Just print bit-count-mask of given address. -h --html Display results as HTML (not finished in this version). -v --version Print Version. ... ipcalc 192.168.0.1/24 ipcalc 192.168.0.1/255.255.128.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 0.0.63.255 ipcalc <ADDRESS1> - <ADDRESS2> deaggregate address range ipcalc <ADDRESS>/<NETMASK> --s a b c split network to subnets where a b c fits in. ! New HTML support not yet finished. ipcalc 0.41 |
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#ipcalc -nr192.168.54.0/27 255.255.255.224
deaggregate 192.168.54.0 - 255.255.255.224 192.168.54.0/23 192.168.56.0/21 192.168.64.0/18 192.168.128.0/17 192.169.0.0/16 192.170.0.0/15 192.172.0.0/14 192.176.0.0/12 192.192.0.0/10 ... 255.255.192.0/19 255.255.224.0/20 255.255.240.0/21 255.255.248.0/22 255.255.252.0/23 255.255.254.0/24 255.255.255.0/25 255.255.255.128/26 255.255.255.192/27 255.255.255.224/32 |
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#ipcalc
Usage: ipcalc [options] <ADDRESS>[[/]<NETMASK>] [NETMASK] ipcalc takes an IP address and netmask and calculates the resulting broadcast, network, Cisco wildcard mask, and host range. By giving a second netmask, you can design sub- and supernetworks. It is also intended to be a teaching tool and presents the results as easy-to-understand binary values. -n --nocolor Don't display ANSI color codes. -b --nobinary Suppress the bitwise output. -c --class Just print bit-count-mask of given address. -h --html Display results as HTML (not finished in this version). -v --version Print Version. ... ipcalc 192.168.0.1/24 ipcalc 192.168.0.1/255.255.128.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 ipcalc 192.168.0.1 0.0.63.255 ipcalc <ADDRESS1> - <ADDRESS2> deaggregate address range ipcalc <ADDRESS>/<NETMASK> --s a b c split network to subnets where a b c fits in. ! New HTML support not yet finished. ipcalc 0.41 |
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#ipcalc -nrs192.168.54.0/27 255.255.255.224
Argument for -s is missing or invalid |
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#cd /
|
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#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:01:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:02:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
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#ifconfig re1 192.168.54.1 255.255.255.224
|
|
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.54.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 255.255.255.224
ether 00:16:4e:00:01:04
...
re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:02:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
|
#ifconfig re1 192.168.54.1/275.255.255.224
|
|
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.54.1 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 255.255.255.224
ether 00:16:4e:00:01:04
...
re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:02:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
|
#vim /etc/rc.
|
|
#vim /etc/rc.conf
|
|
#vim /etc/nestart
|
|
#~
bash: /etc/nestart: No such file or directory |
|
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.16.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255
ether 00:16:4e:00:00:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
re1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
inet 192.168.54.1 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 255.255.255.224
ether 00:16:4e:00:01:04
...
re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING>
ether 00:16:4e:00:02:04
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
|
|
#ping 192.168.54.30
PING 192.168.54.30 (192.168.54.30): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ... 64 bytes from 192.168.54.30: icmp_seq=96 ttl=64 time=0.233 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.54.30: icmp_seq=97 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.54.30: icmp_seq=98 ttl=64 time=0.183 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.54.30: icmp_seq=99 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.54.30: icmp_seq=100 ttl=64 time=0.262 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.54.30: icmp_seq=101 ttl=64 time=0.298 ms ^C --- 192.168.54.30 ping statistics --- 102 packets transmitted, 23 packets received, 77% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.183/0.254/0.443/0.053 ms |
|
#vim /etc/rc.conf
|
| Время первой команды журнала | 17:42:10 2009- 7-27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Время последней команды журнала | 19:49:07 2009- 7-29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в журнале | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 11.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 3.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 2.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.82 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
| Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1
2
3
4
Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса,
нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008