/l3/users/30-03-2008/fbsd-net/fbsd6.unix.nt/root |
|
#ls -l
total 86 -rw------- 1 root wheel 1205 28 ÍÁÒ 16:56 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 19 28 ÍÁÒ 18:14 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 38 28 ÍÁÒ 18:14 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 801 16 ÑÎ× 00:33 .cshrc -rw------- 1 root wheel 164 15 ÍÁÒ 15:54 .history -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 143 16 ÑÎ× 00:33 .k5login -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 51 28 ÍÁÒ 18:15 .l3rc -rw------- 1 root wheel 41 28 ÍÁÒ 00:06 .lesshst drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 28 ÍÁÒ 18:17 .lilalo -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 293 16 ÑÎ× 00:33 .login -rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 251 16 ÑÎ× 00:33 .profile drwx------ 2 root wheel 512 15 ÍÁÒ 15:57 .ssh drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 28 ÍÁÒ 00:00 .vnc -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 5160 28 ÍÁÒ 16:49 install -rw------- 1 root wheel 53312 28 ÍÁÒ 16:38 mbox |
#LANG=C
|
#ls -l
total 86 -rw------- 1 root wheel 1205 Mar 28 16:56 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 19 Mar 28 18:14 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 38 Mar 28 18:14 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 801 Jan 16 00:33 .cshrc -rw------- 1 root wheel 164 Mar 15 15:54 .history -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 143 Jan 16 00:33 .k5login -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 51 Mar 28 18:15 .l3rc -rw------- 1 root wheel 41 Mar 28 00:06 .lesshst drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Mar 28 18:17 .lilalo -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 293 Jan 16 00:33 .login -rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 251 Jan 16 00:33 .profile drwx------ 2 root wheel 512 Mar 15 15:57 .ssh drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 28 00:00 .vnc -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 5160 Mar 28 16:49 install -rw------- 1 root wheel 53312 Mar 28 16:38 mbox |
#su - user
|
$ping ya.ru
PING ya.ru (213.180.204.8): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 213.180.204.8: icmp_seq=0 ttl=54 time=29.380 ms ^C --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 29.380/29.380/29.380/0.000 ms |
$ls -l
total 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 user wheel 512 Mar 15 15:06 Desktop |
$exit
exit |
#ifconfig re2 192.168.25.1/27
|
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 184 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.213 00:14:c2:05:9e:4a UHLW 1 132 re0 1000 192.168.16.254 00:04:76:a1:ef:bb UHLW 1 237 re0 1157 192.168.25/27 link#3 UC 0 0 re2 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:01:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) ... options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.25.1 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.25.31 ether 00:16:3e:00:02:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ping 192.168.25.30
PING 192.168.25.30 (192.168.25.30): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ... ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ^C --- 192.168.25.30 ping statistics --- 25 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:01:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) ... options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.25.1 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.25.31 ether 00:16:3e:00:02:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 184 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.213 00:14:c2:05:9e:4a UHLW 1 214 re0 933 192.168.16.254 00:04:76:a1:ef:bb UHLW 1 281 re0 1190 192.168.25/27 link#3 UC 0 0 re2 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:01:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) ... options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.25.1 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.25.31 ether 00:16:3e:00:02:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ping 192.168.25.30
PING 192.168.25.30 (192.168.25.30): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.25.30: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.623 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.30: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.183 ms ^C --- 192.168.25.30 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.183/0.403/0.623/0.220 ms |
#ping 192.168.25.
PING 192.168.25.158 (192.168.25.158): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ^C --- 192.168.25.158 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#tcp
tcpdchk tcpdmatch tcpdrop tcpdump tcpslice |
#tcp
tcpdchk tcpdmatch tcpdrop tcpdump tcpslice |
#ping 192.168.25.62
PING 192.168.25.62 (192.168.25.62): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ^C --- 192.168.25.62 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 184 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.24 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 2 re0 1151 192.168.16.213 00:14:c2:05:9e:4a UHLW 1 332 re0 287 192.168.16.254 00:04:76:a1:ef:bb UHLW 1 353 re0 1174 192.168.25/27 link#3 UC 0 0 re2 192.168.25.30 00:16:3e:00:01:05 UHLW 1 9 re2 913 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#route add default gw 192.168.25.30
route: bad address: gw |
#route add default 92.168.25.30
add net default: gateway 192.168.25.30 |
#ping 192.168.25.62
PING 192.168.25.62 (192.168.25.62): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=115 ttl=63 time=1.042 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=116 ttl=63 time=1.468 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=117 ttl=63 time=1.032 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=118 ttl=63 time=1.412 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=119 ttl=63 time=1.171 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=120 ttl=63 time=1.095 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=121 ttl=63 time=0.981 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=122 ttl=63 time=1.105 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=123 ttl=63 time=1.089 ms ... 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=131 ttl=63 time=1.175 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=132 ttl=63 time=0.974 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=133 ttl=63 time=1.096 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=134 ttl=63 time=0.951 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=135 ttl=63 time=1.159 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.62: icmp_seq=136 ttl=63 time=1.042 ms ^C --- 192.168.25.62 ping statistics --- 137 packets transmitted, 22 packets received, 83% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.951/1.126/1.468/0.144 ms |
#ping 192.168.25.94
4 5 00 5400 0525 0 0000 40 01 c1d4 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 0528 0 0000 40 01 c1d1 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 052b 0 0000 40 01 c1ce 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 052e 0 0000 40 01 c1cb 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 ... 4 5 00 5400 059d 0 0000 40 01 c15c 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 05a1 0 0000 40 01 c158 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 05a4 0 0000 40 01 c155 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 ^C --- 192.168.25.94 ping statistics --- 52 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.25.94
PING 192.168.25.94 (192.168.25.94): 56 data bytes 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 05af 0 0000 40 01 c14a 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 05b5 0 0000 40 01 c144 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 05b8 0 0000 40 01 c141 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 ... 4 5 00 5400 05e9 0 0000 40 01 c110 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 05ec 0 0000 40 01 c10d 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 ^X36 bytes from 192.168.25.30: Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 05f1 0 0000 40 01 c108 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.94 ^C --- 192.168.25.94 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#route -n
usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args] |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.25.30 UGS 0 283 re2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 184 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.24 00:16:3e:00:00:04 UHLW 1 2 re0 735 192.168.16.213 00:14:c2:05:9e:4a UHLW 1 562 re0 1130 192.168.16.254 00:04:76:a1:ef:bb UHLW 1 444 re0 1174 192.168.25/27 link#3 UC 0 0 re2 192.168.25.30 00:16:3e:00:01:05 UHLW 2 9 re2 497 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#5 UHL lo0 ff01:5::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#ping 192.168.25.94
PING 192.168.25.94 (192.168.25.94): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.25.94: icmp_seq=35 ttl=62 time=1.866 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.94: icmp_seq=36 ttl=62 time=1.829 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.94: icmp_seq=37 ttl=62 time=1.846 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.94: icmp_seq=38 ttl=62 time=1.781 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.94: icmp_seq=39 ttl=62 time=1.863 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.94: icmp_seq=40 ttl=62 time=1.908 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.94: icmp_seq=41 ttl=62 time=1.995 ms ^C --- 192.168.25.94 ping statistics --- 42 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 83% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 1.781/1.870/1.995/0.062 ms |
#ping 192.168.25.126
PING 192.168.25.126 (192.168.25.126): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.25.126 ping statistics --- 27 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.25.126
PING 192.168.25.126 (192.168.25.126): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=58 ttl=61 time=2.640 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=59 ttl=61 time=2.638 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=60 ttl=61 time=2.642 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=61 ttl=61 time=2.626 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=62 ttl=61 time=2.640 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=63 ttl=61 time=2.494 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=64 ttl=61 time=2.658 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=65 ttl=61 time=2.656 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=66 ttl=61 time=2.653 ms ^C --- 192.168.25.126 ping statistics --- 67 packets transmitted, 9 packets received, 86% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.494/2.627/2.658/0.048 ms |
#ping 192.168.25.126
PING 192.168.25.126 (192.168.25.126): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=0 ttl=61 time=2.621 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=2.713 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=2.420 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=2.618 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=2.314 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=2.417 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=6 ttl=61 time=2.712 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=7 ttl=61 time=2.207 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=8 ttl=61 time=2.325 ms ... 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=19 ttl=61 time=2.477 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=20 ttl=61 time=2.339 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=21 ttl=61 time=2.317 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=22 ttl=61 time=2.370 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=23 ttl=61 time=2.414 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.126: icmp_seq=24 ttl=61 time=2.627 ms ^C --- 192.168.25.126 ping statistics --- 25 packets transmitted, 25 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.169/2.474/2.713/0.171 ms |
#ping 192.168.25.158
PING 192.168.25.158 (192.168.25.158): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=30 ttl=60 time=2.896 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=31 ttl=60 time=3.213 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=32 ttl=60 time=3.194 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=33 ttl=60 time=2.935 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=34 ttl=60 time=3.129 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=35 ttl=60 time=2.930 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=36 ttl=60 time=3.146 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=37 ttl=60 time=3.552 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=38 ttl=60 time=3.010 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=39 ttl=60 time=2.992 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=40 ttl=60 time=3.150 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=41 ttl=60 time=3.193 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.25.158: icmp_seq=42 ttl=60 time=3.617 ms ^C --- 192.168.25.158 ping statistics --- 43 packets transmitted, 13 packets received, 69% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.896/3.151/3.617/0.213 ms |
#/etc/rc.d/netif restart
Stopping network: lo0 re0 re1 re2 plip0. lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active |
#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=669). lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active add net default: gateway 192.168.16.254 Additional routing options:. |
#traceroute 192.168.25.62
traceroute to 192.168.25.62 (192.168.25.62), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 debian (192.168.16.254) 10.407 ms 0.601 ms 0.904 ms 2 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 0.854 ms 0.311 ms 0.929 ms 3 192.168.70.1 (192.168.70.1) 29.590 ms 11.965 ms 40.170 ms 4 ip.194.150.93.65.veer.net.ua (194.150.93.65) 27.834 ms 10.868 ms 37.149 ms 5 uplink.veer.net.ua (194.150.92.2) 11.428 ms 11.539 ms 8.690 ms 6 kyiv1-xe-11-1-0-113.ett.ua (80.93.113.25) 9.970 ms !N 28.961 ms !N 83.029 ms !N õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root |
#traceroute 192.168.25.62
traceroute to 192.168.25.62 (192.168.25.62), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 debian (192.168.16.254) 10.407 ms 0.601 ms 0.904 ms 2 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 0.854 ms 0.311 ms 0.929 ms 3 192.168.70.1 (192.168.70.1) 29.590 ms 11.965 ms 40.170 ms 4 ip.194.150.93.65.veer.net.ua (194.150.93.65) 27.834 ms 10.868 ms 37.149 ms 5 uplink.veer.net.ua (194.150.92.2) 11.428 ms 11.539 ms 8.690 ms 6 kyiv1-xe-11-1-0-113.ett.ua (80.93.113.25) 9.970 ms !N 28.961 ms !N 83.029 ms !N õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:01:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:02:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:01:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:02:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> inet 192.168.16.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.16.255 ether 00:16:3e:00:00:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re1: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:01:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:3e:00:02:06 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#LANG=C
|
#LANG=C
|
#LANG=C
|
#pkg_add -r xinetd
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.3-release/Latest/xinetd.tbz... Done. |
#pkg_add -r xinetd
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.3-release/Latest/xinetd.tbz... Done. |
#pkg_add -r xinetd
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.3-release/Latest/xinetd.tbz... Done. |
#top
last pid: 33644; load averages: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 up 3+14:49:49 09:06:36 27 processes 0.0 running 0.0 sleepin 0.0 0.4 99.6 CPU states: % user, % nice, % system, % interrupt, % idle Mem: 31M Active, 225M Inact, 125M Wired, 111M Buf, 611M Free 1014 40K 7172 27 0.00 Sw119 userM Total, 2015M Free 288K 7064 4 0.00 867 root 96 17956K 9744K select 0:17 gdm-binary 8 8484K 7240K nanslp 0:08 perl5.8.8 30035 PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU COMMAND ... 30025 root 1 96 0 6280K 3296K select 0:00 0.00% sshd 799 root 1 96 0 1296K 824K select 0:00 0.00% usbd 23386 root 1 96 0 7284K 6184K select 0:00 0.00% Xvnc 30072 root 1 8 0 3324K 2180K wait 0:00 0.00% bash 30029 root 1 96 0 1348K 936K select 0:00 0.00% script 909 smmsp 1 20 0 3408K 2796K pause 0:00 0.00% sendmail 23385 root 1 -8 0 17984K 10056K piperd 0:00 0.00% gdm-binary 33644 root 1 96 0 2292K 1480K RUN 0:00 0.00% top 967 root 1 5 0 1352K 936K ttyin 0:00 0.00% getty 899 root 1 96 0 3552K 2672K select 0:00 0.00% sshd |
#top
last pid: 33644; load averages: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 up 3+14:49:49 09:06:36 27 processes 0.0 running 0.0 sleepin 0.0 0.4 99.6 CPU states: % user, % nice, % system, % interrupt, % idle Mem: 31M Active, 225M Inact, 125M Wired, 111M Buf, 611M Free 1014 40K 7172 27 0.00 Sw119 userM Total, 2015M Free 288K 7064 4 0.00 867 root 96 17956K 9744K select 0:17 gdm-binary 8 8484K 7240K nanslp 0:08 perl5.8.8 30035 PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU COMMAND ... 30025 root 1 96 0 6280K 3296K select 0:00 0.00% sshd 799 root 1 96 0 1296K 824K select 0:00 0.00% usbd 23386 root 1 96 0 7284K 6184K select 0:00 0.00% Xvnc 30072 root 1 8 0 3324K 2180K wait 0:00 0.00% bash 30029 root 1 96 0 1348K 936K select 0:00 0.00% script 909 smmsp 1 20 0 3408K 2796K pause 0:00 0.00% sendmail 23385 root 1 -8 0 17984K 10056K piperd 0:00 0.00% gdm-binary 33644 root 1 96 0 2292K 1480K RUN 0:00 0.00% top 967 root 1 5 0 1352K 936K ttyin 0:00 0.00% getty 899 root 1 96 0 3552K 2672K select 0:00 0.00% sshd |
#top
last pid: 33644; load averages: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 up 3+14:49:49 09:06:36 27 processes 0.0 running 0.0 sleepin 0.0 0.4 99.6 CPU states: % user, % nice, % system, % interrupt, % idle Mem: 31M Active, 225M Inact, 125M Wired, 111M Buf, 611M Free 1014 40K 7172 27 0.00 Sw119 userM Total, 2015M Free 288K 7064 4 0.00 867 root 96 17956K 9744K select 0:17 gdm-binary 8 8484K 7240K nanslp 0:08 perl5.8.8 30035 PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU COMMAND ... 30025 root 1 96 0 6280K 3296K select 0:00 0.00% sshd 799 root 1 96 0 1296K 824K select 0:00 0.00% usbd 23386 root 1 96 0 7284K 6184K select 0:00 0.00% Xvnc 30072 root 1 8 0 3324K 2180K wait 0:00 0.00% bash 30029 root 1 96 0 1348K 936K select 0:00 0.00% script 909 smmsp 1 20 0 3408K 2796K pause 0:00 0.00% sendmail 23385 root 1 -8 0 17984K 10056K piperd 0:00 0.00% gdm-binary 33644 root 1 96 0 2292K 1480K RUN 0:00 0.00% top 967 root 1 5 0 1352K 936K ttyin 0:00 0.00% getty 899 root 1 96 0 3552K 2672K select 0:00 0.00% sshd |
#pkg_add -r mc
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.3-release/Latest/mc.tbz... Done. |
#pkg_add -r mc
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.3-release/Latest/mc.tbz... Done. |
#pkg_add -r mc
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.3-release/Latest/mc.tbz... Done. |
#telnet 192.168.16.24 chargen
Trying 192.168.16.24... Connected to fbsd4.unix.nt. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host. |
#telnet 192.168.16.24 chargen
Trying 192.168.16.24... Connected to fbsd4.unix.nt. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host. |
#telnet 192.168.16.24 chargen
Trying 192.168.16.24... Connected to fbsd4.unix.nt. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host. |
#telnet 192.168.16.24 chargen
Trying 192.168.16.24... Connected to fbsd4.unix.nt. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host. |
#ssh fbsd2
^C |
#ssh fbsd2
^C |
#ssh fbsd2
^C |
#ssh fbsd2
^C |
#ssh fbsd4
The authenticity of host 'fbsd4.unix.nt (192.168.16.24)' can't be established. DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'fbsd4.unix.nt' (DSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: Last login: Tue Apr 1 10:28:23 2008 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=75938; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#ssh fbsd4
The authenticity of host 'fbsd4.unix.nt (192.168.16.24)' can't be established. DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'fbsd4.unix.nt' (DSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: Last login: Tue Apr 1 10:28:23 2008 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=75938; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#ssh fbsd4
The authenticity of host 'fbsd4.unix.nt (192.168.16.24)' can't be established. DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'fbsd4.unix.nt' (DSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: Last login: Tue Apr 1 10:28:23 2008 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=75938; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#ssh fbsd4
The authenticity of host 'fbsd4.unix.nt (192.168.16.24)' can't be established. DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'fbsd4.unix.nt' (DSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: Last login: Tue Apr 1 10:28:23 2008 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=75938; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#ssh fbsd2
ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host |
#ssh fbsd2
ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host |
#ssh fbsd2
ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host |
#exit
exit Connection to fbsd4.unix.nt closed. |
#exit
exit Connection to fbsd4.unix.nt closed. |
#exit
exit Connection to fbsd4.unix.nt closed. |
#exit
exit Connection to fbsd4.unix.nt closed. |
#ipfw
usage: ipfw [options] do "ipfw -h" or see ipfw manpage for details õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ × /var/mail/root |
#uname -a
FreeBSD fbsd6.unix.nt 6.3-RELEASE FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP i386 |
#uname -a
FreeBSD fbsd6.unix.nt 6.3-RELEASE FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 root@dessler.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SMP i386 |
#ipfw list
ipfw: getsockopt(IP_FW_GET): Protocol not available |
#ipfw list
ipfw: getsockopt(IP_FW_GET): Protocol not available |
#ipfw list
ipfw: getsockopt(IP_FW_GET): Protocol not available |
Время первой команды журнала | 20:17:54 2008- 3-28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 10:27:15 2008- 4- 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 78 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 26.92 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 1.23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008