/l3/users/devi/xen-seminar-preparation/crimson.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 |
|
#pkill
pkill: No matching criteria specified Usage: pkill [-SIGNAL] [-fvx] [-n|-o] [-P PPIDLIST] [-g PGRPLIST] [-s SIDLIST] [-u EUIDLIST] [-U UIDLIST] [-G GIDLIST] [-t TERMLIST] [PATTERN] |
#pkill -1 l3-agent
|
#apt-get install vim
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: vim-common vim-runtime Suggested packages: ctags vim-doc vim-scripts The following NEW packages will be installed vim vim-common vim-runtime 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 7267kB of archives. ... Selecting previously deselected package vim-common. (Reading database ... 22930 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking vim-common (from .../vim-common_1%3a7.0-035+1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package vim-runtime. Unpacking vim-runtime (from .../vim-runtime_1%3a7.0-035+1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package vim. Unpacking vim (from .../vim_1%3a7.0-035+1_i386.deb) ... Setting up vim-common (7.0-035+1) ... Setting up vim-runtime (7.0-035+1) ... Setting up vim (7.0-035+1) ... |
#vi ~/.bash_profile
2a3,4 > export EDITOR=vim > |
#apt-cache search 2.6.16
linux-doc-2.6.16 - Linux kernel specific documentation for version 2.6.16 linux-headers-2.6.16-2 - Common header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 linux-headers-2.6.16-2-486 - Header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 on 486-class machines linux-headers-2.6.16-2-686 - Header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 machines linux-headers-2.6.16-2-686-smp - Header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 SMP machines linux-headers-2.6.16-2-all - All header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 linux-headers-2.6.16-2-all-i386 - All header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 linux-headers-2.6.16-2-k7 - Header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 on AMD K7 machines linux-headers-2.6.16-2-k7-smp - Header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 on AMD K7 SMP machines linux-headers-2.6.16-2-vserver - Common header files for Linux kernel 2.6.16 ... spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-486 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-486) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-686 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-686) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-686-smp - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-686-smp) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-k7 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-k7) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-k7-smp - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-k7-smp) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-486 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-486) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-686 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-686) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-686-smp - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-686-smp) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-k7 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-k7) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-k7-smp - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-k7-smp) |
#apt-cache search 2.6.16 linux source
linux-patch-debian-2.6.16 - Debian patches to version 2.6.16 of the Linux kernel linux-source-2.6.16 - Linux kernel source for version 2.6.16 with Debian patches loop-aes-2.6.16-2-486 - loop-AES encryption modules for kernel 2.6.16-2-486 loop-aes-2.6.16-2-686 - loop-AES encryption modules for kernel 2.6.16-2-686 loop-aes-2.6.16-2-686-smp - loop-AES encryption modules for kernel 2.6.16-2-686-smp loop-aes-2.6.16-2-k7 - loop-AES encryption modules for kernel 2.6.16-2-k7 loop-aes-2.6.16-2-k7-smp - loop-AES encryption modules for kernel 2.6.16-2-k7-smp loop-aes-2.6.16-2-vserver-686 - loop-AES encryption modules for kernel 2.6.16-2-vserver-686 loop-aes-2.6.16-2-vserver-k7 - loop-AES encryption modules for kernel 2.6.16-2-vserver-k7 misdn-modules-2.6.16-1-486 - mISDN modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-486) ... spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-486 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-486) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-686 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-686) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-686-smp - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-686-smp) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-k7 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-k7) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-1-k7-smp - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-1-k7-smp) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-486 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-486) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-686 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-686) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-686-smp - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-686-smp) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-k7 - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-k7) spca5xx-modules-2.6.16-2-k7-smp - spca5xx modules for Linux (kernel 2.6.16-2-k7-smp) |
#apt-get install linux-source-2.6.16
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: bzip2 Suggested packages: libncurses-dev kernel-package libqt3-mt-dev The following NEW packages will be installed bzip2 linux-source-2.6.16 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 40.5MB of archives. After unpacking 40.8MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? |
#apt-get install ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done E: Couldn't find package ntp.psn.ru |
#apt-get install ntpdate
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Suggested packages: ntp The following NEW packages will be installed ntpdate 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 41.6kB of archives. After unpacking 164kB of additional disk space will be used. Get: 1 http://debian.org.ua etch/main ntpdate 1:4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1 [41.6kB] Fetched 41.6kB in 0s (75.9kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package ntpdate. (Reading database ... 25955 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking ntpdate (from .../ntpdate_1%3a4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1_i386.deb) ... Setting up ntpdate (4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1) ... Running ntpdate to synchronize clock. |
#date
Thu Aug 10 16:22:04 UTC 2006 |
#ls /etc/te
terminfo/ texmf/ |
#dpkg -l | grep zone
|
#dpkg -l | grep time
ii libdb4.2 4.2.52-23.1 Berkeley v4.2 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdb4.3 4.3.29-6 Berkeley v4.3 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdb4.4 4.4.20-3 Berkeley v4.4 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libgcrypt11 1.2.2-3 LGPL Crypto library - runtime library ii libgdbm3 1.8.3-3 GNU dbm database routines (runtime version) ii libgnutls11 1.0.16-14+b1 GNU TLS library - runtime library ii libgnutls12 1.2.11-2 the GNU TLS library - runtime library ii libgnutls13 1.4.1-1 the GNU TLS library - runtime library ii libident 0.22-3 simple RFC1413 client library - runtime ii libkrb53 1.4.3-8 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries ... ii libsigc++-1.2-5c2 1.2.7-2 type-safe Signal Framework for C++ - runtime ii libsigc++-2.0-0c2a 2.0.16-3 type-safe Signal Framework for C++ - runtime ii libslang2 2.0.6-2 The S-Lang programming library - runtime ver ii libtasn1-2 0.2.17-2 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime) ii libtasn1-3 0.3.5-2 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime) ii libtextwrap1 0.1-5 text-wrapping library with i18n - runtime ii ntpdate 4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1 The ntpdate client for setting system time f ii time 1.7-21 The GNU time program for measuring cpu resou ii vim-runtime 7.0-035+1 Vi IMproved - Runtime files ii zlib1g 1.2.3-13 compression library - runtime |
#dpkg -l | grep time
ii libdb4.2 4.2.52-23.1 Berkeley v4.2 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdb4.3 4.3.29-6 Berkeley v4.3 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdb4.4 4.4.20-3 Berkeley v4.4 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libgcrypt11 1.2.2-3 LGPL Crypto library - runtime library ii libgdbm3 1.8.3-3 GNU dbm database routines (runtime version) ii libgnutls11 1.0.16-14+b1 GNU TLS library - runtime library ii libgnutls12 1.2.11-2 the GNU TLS library - runtime library ii libgnutls13 1.4.1-1 the GNU TLS library - runtime library ii libident 0.22-3 simple RFC1413 client library - runtime ii libkrb53 1.4.3-8 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries ... ii libsigc++-1.2-5c2 1.2.7-2 type-safe Signal Framework for C++ - runtime ii libsigc++-2.0-0c2a 2.0.16-3 type-safe Signal Framework for C++ - runtime ii libslang2 2.0.6-2 The S-Lang programming library - runtime ver ii libtasn1-2 0.2.17-2 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime) ii libtasn1-3 0.3.5-2 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime) ii libtextwrap1 0.1-5 text-wrapping library with i18n - runtime ii ntpdate 4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1 The ntpdate client for setting system time f ii time 1.7-21 The GNU time program for measuring cpu resou ii vim-runtime 7.0-035+1 Vi IMproved - Runtime files ii zlib1g 1.2.3-13 compression library - runtime |
#dpkg -l | grep time | less
|
#apropos time | grep zone
tzconfig (8) - set the local timezone tzfile (5) - time zone information tzselect (1) - view timezones tzselect (8) - select a time zone zdump (1) - time zone dumper zic (8) - time zone compiler |
#tzconfig
Your current time zone is set to Unknown Do you want to change that? [n]: y Please enter the number of the geographic area in which you live: 1) Africa 7) Australia 2) America 8) Europe 3) US time zones 9) Indian Ocean 4) Canada time zones 10) Pacific Ocean 5) Asia 11) Use System V style time zones 6) Atlantic Ocean 12) None of the above Then you will be shown a list of cities which represent the time zone ... Minsk Monaco Moscow Nicosia Oslo Paris Prague Riga Rome Samara San_Marino Sarajevo Simferopol Skopje Sofia Stockholm Tallinn Tirane Tiraspol Uzhgorod Vaduz Vatican Vienna Vilnius Warsaw Zagreb Zaporozhye Zurich Please enter the name of one of these cities or zones You just need to type enough letters to resolve ambiguities Press Enter to view all of them again Name: [] Kiev Your default time zone is set to 'Europe/Kiev'. Local time is now: Thu Aug 10 19:23:38 EEST 2006. Universal Time is now: Thu Aug 10 16:23:38 UTC 2006. |
#date
Thu Aug 10 19:23:46 EEST 2006 |
#apt-cache search xen | more
|
#apt-cache search xen | grep ^xen
xen-docs-3.0 - documentation for XEN, a Virtual Machine Monitor xen-hypervisor-3.0-i386 - The Xen Hypervisor for i386 xen-hypervisor-3.0-i386-pae - The Xen Hypervisor for i386 (pae enabled version) xen-ioemu-3.0 - XEN administrative tools xen-tools - Tools to manage debian XEN virtual servers xen-utils-3.0 - XEN administrative tools xengine - A benchmark program for the X Window System. |
#dpkg -l | grep xen
ii libc6-xen 2.3.6-15 GNU C Library: Shared libraries [Xen version ii linux-image-2.6-xen-vserver-686 2.6.16+0.2 Linux kernel 2.6 image on PPro/Celeron/PII/P ii linux-image-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 2.6.16-17 Linux kernel 2.6.16 image on PPro/Celeron/PI ii linux-modules-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 2.6.16-17 Linux kernel modules 2.6.16 image on PPro/Ce ii xen-hypervisor-3.0-i386 3.0.2+hg9697-1 The Xen Hypervisor for i386 ii xen-hypervisor-3.0-i386-pae 3.0.2+hg9697-1 The Xen Hypervisor for i386 (pae enabled ver ii xen-tools 2.2-3 Tools to manage debian XEN virtual servers ii xen-utils-3.0 3.0.2+hg9697-1 XEN administrative tools |
#dpkg -l | grep ^xen
|
#dpkg -l | grep xen-
ii linux-image-2.6-xen-vserver-686 2.6.16+0.2 Linux kernel 2.6 image on PPro/Celeron/PII/P ii linux-image-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 2.6.16-17 Linux kernel 2.6.16 image on PPro/Celeron/PI ii linux-modules-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 2.6.16-17 Linux kernel modules 2.6.16 image on PPro/Ce ii xen-hypervisor-3.0-i386 3.0.2+hg9697-1 The Xen Hypervisor for i386 ii xen-hypervisor-3.0-i386-pae 3.0.2+hg9697-1 The Xen Hypervisor for i386 (pae enabled ver ii xen-tools 2.2-3 Tools to manage debian XEN virtual servers ii xen-utils-3.0 3.0.2+hg9697-1 XEN administrative tools |
#killall w3m
bash: killall: command not found |
#w
19:27:51 up 1:15, 4 users, load average: 0.03, 0.04, 0.00 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root tty1 - 13Jul06 1:09m 0.09s 0.07s ssh devi@10.0.3 devi tty2 - 13Jul06 28days 0.13s 0.10s script -f -q /h root tty3 - 13Jul06 0.00s 0.09s 0.01s script -f -q /r devi tty4 - 13Jul06 28days 0.09s 0.09s script -f -q /h |
#ping mail.ru
PING mail.ru (194.67.57.26) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=1 ttl=112 time=101 ms --- mail.ru ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 101.210/101.210/101.210/0.000 ms |
#vi /boot/grub/
|
#vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
|
#vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
23a24,37 > > title Linux 2.6.17 > root (hd0,0) > initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.17-prexen > kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17-prexen root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 > > title Xen 3.0 / Linux 2.6.16 > root (hd0,0) > kernel /boot/xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz > module /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.16-xen0 root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 > > > ################# NO LINES EXCEPT COMMENTS BELOW THIS LINE ########## > |
#ls
linux-source-2.6.16.tar.bz2 |
#tar xfj linux-source-2.6.16.tar.bz2
|
#ls ~devi/
xen |
#ls ~devi/xen/
linux-2.6.16-xen3.0.2-hg9629.patch.gz |
#zcat ~devi/xen/linux-2.6.16-xen3.0.2-hg9629.patch.gz | patch -p1
|
#cd linux-source-2.6.16
|
#zcat ~devi/xen/linux-2.6.16-xen3.0.2-hg9629.patch.gz | patch -p1
patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/kmap_types.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/mmu_context.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/mmu.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/page.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/param.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/pci.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/pgalloc.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/pgtable-2level-defs.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/pgtable-2level.h patching file include/asm-i386/mach-xen/asm/pgtable-3level-defs.h ... patching file mm/memory.c patching file mm/mmap.c patching file mm/page_alloc.c Hunk #1 succeeded at 422 (offset 4 lines). Hunk #2 succeeded at 717 (offset 5 lines). patching file net/core/dev.c patching file net/core/skbuff.c patching file net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_proto_tcp.c patching file net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_proto_udp.c patching file scripts/Makefile.xen |
#make menuconfig
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu x x |
#ls /boot/
config-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 System.map-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 xen-3.0-i386.gz grub vmlinuz-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz initrd.img-2.6.17-prexen vmlinuz-2.6.17-prexen |
#scp devi@192.168.15.254:/boot/config*prexen /boot/
The authenticity of host '192.168.15.254 (192.168.15.254)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6f:48:13:41:a9:66:cb:02:0a:ca:65:38:70:45:79:d7. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.15.254' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: config-2.6.17-prexen 100% 53KB 52.8KB/s 00:00 |
#ls /boot/
config-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 initrd.img-2.6.17-prexen vmlinuz-2.6.17-prexen config-2.6.17-prexen System.map-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 xen-3.0-i386.gz grub vmlinuz-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz |
#cp /boot/config-2.6.17-prexen .config
|
#yes '' | make oldconfig
* generic/default IDE chipset support (IDE_GENERIC) [M/n/?] m CMD640 chipset bugfix/support (BLK_DEV_CMD640) [Y/n/?] y CMD640 enhanced support (BLK_DEV_CMD640_ENHANCED) [N/y/?] n PNP EIDE support (BLK_DEV_IDEPNP) [N/m/?] n PCI IDE chipset support (BLK_DEV_IDEPCI) [Y/n/?] y Sharing PCI IDE interrupts support (IDEPCI_SHARE_IRQ) [Y/n/?] y Boot off-board chipsets first support (BLK_DEV_OFFBOARD) [N/y/?] n Generic PCI IDE Chipset Support (BLK_DEV_GENERIC) [N/m] n OPTi 82C621 chipset enhanced support (EXPERIMENTAL) (BLK_DEV_OPTI621) [N/m/?] n ... IOMEGA parallel port (imm - newer drives) (SCSI_IMM) [M/n/?] m ppa/imm option - Use slow (but safe) EPP-16 (SCSI_IZIP_EPP16) [N/y/?] n ppa/imm option - Assume slow parport control register (SCSI_IZIP_SLOW_CTR) [N/y/?] n NCR53c406a SCSI support (SCSI_NCR53C406A) [M/n/?] m NCR Dual 700 MCA SCSI support (SCSI_NCR_D700) [M/n/?] m SYM53C8XX Version 2 SCSI support (SCSI_SYM53C8XX_2) [M/n/?] m DMA addressing mode (SCSI_SYM53C8XX_DMA_ADDRESSING_MODE) [1] 1 default tagged command queue depth (SCSI_SYM53C8XX_DEFAULT_TAGS) [16] 16 maximum number of queued commands (SCSI_SYM53C8XX_MAX_TAGS) [64] 64 use port IO (SCSI_SYM53C8XX_IOMAPPED) [N/y/?] (NEW) IBM Power Linux RAID adapter support (SCSI_IPR) [M/n/?] m |
#make menuconfig
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Subarchitecture Type (Xen-compatible) ---> x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu <Select> < Exit > < Help > x x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj |
#make-kpkg --append-to-version -xen0 kernel_image
National Semiconductor DP8381x series PCI Ethernet support (NATSEMI) [Y/n/m/?] y PCI NE2000 and clones support (see help) (NE2K_PCI) [Y/n/m/?] y RealTek RTL-8139 C+ PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support (EXPERIMENTAL) (8139CP) [Y/n/m/?] y RealTek RTL-8129/8130/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support (8139TOO) [Y/n/m/?] y Use PIO instead of MMIO (8139TOO_PIO) [Y/n/?] y Support for uncommon RTL-8139 rev. K (automatic channel equalization) (8139TOO_TUNE_TWISTER) [Y/n/?] y Support for older RTL-8129/8130 boards (8139TOO_8129) [Y/n/?] y Use older RX-reset method (8139_OLD_RX_RESET) [N/y/?] n SiS 900/7016 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support (SIS900) [Y/n/m/?] y SMC EtherPower II (EPIC100) [Y/n/m/?] y ... PS/2 mouse (MOUSE_PS2) [M/n/y/?] m Serial mouse (MOUSE_SERIAL) [M/n/y/?] m DEC VSXXX-AA/GA mouse and VSXXX-AB tablet (MOUSE_VSXXXAA) [M/n/y/?] m * * Joysticks * Joysticks (INPUT_JOYSTICK) [Y/n/?] y Classic PC analog joysticks and gamepads (JOYSTICK_ANALOG) [M/n/y/?] m Assasin 3D and MadCatz Panther devices (JOYSTICK_A3D) [M/n/y/?] m Logitech ADI digital joysticks and gamepads (JOYSTICK_ADI) [M/n/y/?] m |
#dpkg -i ../linux-
linux-source-2.6.16/ linux-source-2.6.16.tar.bz2 linux-xenu-2.6.16-xen0_2.6.16-xen0-10.00.Custom_i386.deb |
#make-kpkg --append-to-version -xen0 kernel_image
Selecting previously deselected package linux-xenu-2.6.16-xen0. (Reading database ... 26484 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking linux-xenu-2.6.16-xen0 (from .../linux-xenu-2.6.16-xen0_2.6.16-xen0-10.00.Custom_i386.deb) ... Setting up linux-xenu-2.6.16-xen0 (2.6.16-xen0-10.00.Custom) ... |
#apt-cache search initrd tools
cramfsprogs - Tools for CramFs (Compressed ROM File System) cryptsetup - configures encrypted block devices initramfs-tools - tools for generating an initramfs initrd-tools - tools to create initrd image for prepackaged Linux kernel yaird - Yet Another mkInitRD |
#apt-get install initrd-tools
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: cramfsprogs dash The following NEW packages will be installed cramfsprogs dash initrd-tools 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 140kB of archives. After unpacking 446kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y ... Selecting previously deselected package dash. (Reading database ... 27216 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking dash (from .../archives/dash_0.5.3-3_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package cramfsprogs. Unpacking cramfsprogs (from .../cramfsprogs_1.1-6_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package initrd-tools. Unpacking initrd-tools (from .../initrd-tools_0.1.84.1_all.deb) ... Setting up dash (0.5.3-3) ... Setting up cramfsprogs (1.1-6) ... Setting up initrd-tools (0.1.84.1) ... |
#. /etc/bash_completion
|
#mkinitr
mkinitramfs mkinitramfs-kpkg mkinitrd |
#mkinitrd -o /boot/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0 2.6.16-
2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 2.6.16-xen0 |
#mkinitrd -o /boot/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0 2.6.16-xen0
|
#vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
14c14 < default 0 --- > default 1 32c32 < kernel /boot/xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz --- > kernel /boot/xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz dom0_mem=262144 33a34 > module /boot/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0 |
#cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8) # grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8), # grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub # and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/. ## default num # Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and # the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used. # # You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry # is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'. ... # howmany=all ## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option ## e.g. memtest86=true ## memtest86=false # memtest86=true ## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system ## can be true or false # updatedefaultentry=false ## ## End Default Options ## ### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST |
#ls /boot/
config-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 initrd.img-2.6.17-prexen xen-3.0-i386.gz config-2.6.17-prexen System.map-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz config-xenu-2.6.16-xen0 System.map-xenu-2.6.16-xen0 xenu-linux-2.6.16-xen0 grub vmlinuz-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0 vmlinuz-2.6.17-prexen |
#vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
33c33 < module /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.16-xen0 root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 --- > module /boot/xenu-linux-2.6.16-xen0 root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 |
#cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8) # grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8), # grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub # and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/. ## default num # Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and # the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used. # # You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry # is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'. ... # howmany=all ## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option ## e.g. memtest86=true ## memtest86=false # memtest86=true ## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system ## can be true or false # updatedefaultentry=false ## ## End Default Options ## ### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST |
#reboot
|
#vi /etc/network/interfaces
7d6 < 13c12 < netmask 255.0.0.0 --- > netmask 255.255.255.0 |
#ifup eth0
ifup: interface eth0 already configured |
#ifdown
|
#ifup eth0
|
#ping mail.ru
|
#vi /etc/resolv.conf
2a3 > |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1009ms |
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:21:0E:12:EC inet addr:10.0.35.100 Bcast:10.0.35.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::213:21ff:fe0e:12ec/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:21 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:64 (64.0 b) TX bytes:1452 (1.4 KiB) Interrupt:16 Memory:f8000000-f8011100 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1503 (1.4 KiB) TX bytes:1503 (1.4 KiB) |
#route -n
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.0.35.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
#mii-tool
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok eth1: no link |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms |
#ping -n 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.0.35.100 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.0.35.100 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.0.35.100 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.0.35.100 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.0.35.100 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, +5 errors, 100% packet loss, time 6018ms , pipe 3 |
#vi /etc/network/interfaces
10,11c10,11 < address 10.0.35.100 < gateway 10.0.35.1 --- > address 192.168.15.100 > gateway 192.168.15.254 13c13 < dns-nameservers 10.0.35.1 --- > dns-nameservers 192.168.15.254 |
#ifdown eth0
SIOCDELRT: No such process |
#ifup eth0
|
#ping -n 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.79 ms --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.790/3.790/3.790/0.000 ms |
#ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
10 Aug 21:00:04 ntpdate[3086]: step time server 194.149.67.130 offset -0.656806 sec |
#ping mail.ru
PING mail.ru (194.67.57.26) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from mail.ru (194.67.57.26): icmp_seq=1 ttl=112 time=100 ms --- mail.ru ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 100.940/100.940/100.940/0.000 ms |
#apt-cache search yaird
yaird - Yet Another mkInitRD |
#ls /lib/modules/
2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 2.6.16-xen0 2.6.17-prexen |
#cd /boot/
|
#ls -l
total 15164 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63279 2006-07-16 06:43 config-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54035 2006-08-10 20:04 config-2.6.17-prexen -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43643 2006-08-10 20:14 config-xenu-2.6.16-xen0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2006-08-10 20:47 grub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3477504 2006-08-10 20:44 initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3592192 2006-07-13 05:36 initrd.img-2.6.17-prexen -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 678290 2006-07-16 06:43 System.map-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 666633 2006-08-10 20:34 System.map-xenu-2.6.16-xen0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1198417 2006-07-16 06:42 vmlinuz-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1648739 2006-07-13 05:33 vmlinuz-2.6.17-prexen -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 226308 2006-05-31 13:07 xen-3.0-i386.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248792 2006-05-31 13:07 xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3561084 2006-08-10 20:34 xenu-linux-2.6.16-xen0 |
#mkinitr
mkinitramfs mkinitramfs-kpkg mkinitrd |
#mkinitramfs -o /boot/
config-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 System.map-xenu-2.6.16-xen0 config-2.6.17-prexen vmlinuz-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 config-xenu-2.6.16-xen0 vmlinuz-2.6.17-prexen grub/ xen-3.0-i386.gz initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0 xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz initrd.img-2.6.17-prexen xenu-linux-2.6.16-xen0 System.map-2.6.16-2-xen-vserver-686 |
#mkinitramfs -o /boot/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2 2.6.16-xen0
|
#file /boot/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2
/boot/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Thu Aug 10 21:07:12 2006, max compression |
#cp /boot/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2 /tmp/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2.gz
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#cd /tmp
|
#gzip -d initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2.gz
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#file initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2
initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC) |
#apt-get install mkinitramfs
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done E: Couldn't find package mkinitramfs |
#ls
initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2 |
#mkdir initrd
|
#cd initrd
|
#cat ../initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0-v2 | cpio -i
14395 blocks |
#ls
bin conf etc init lib modules sbin scripts |
#less sbin/
|
#less
|
#less sbin/
|
# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8) # grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8), # grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub # and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/. ## default num # Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and # the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used. # # You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry # is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'. # WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not change this entry to 'saved' or your # array will desync and will not let you boot your system. default 1 ## timeout sec # Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry # (normally the first entry defined). timeout 5 # Pretty colours color cyan/blue white/blue title Linux 2.6.17 root (hd0,0) initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.17-prexen kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17-prexen root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 title Xen 3.0 / Linux 2.6.16 root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/xen-3.0-i386-pae.gz dom0_mem=262144 module /boot/xenu-linux-2.6.16-xen0 root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 module /boot/initrd.img-2.6.16-xen0 ################# NO LINES EXCEPT COMMENTS BELOW THIS LINE ########## ## password ['--md5'] passwd # If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing # control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the # command 'lock' # e.g. password topsecret # password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/ # password topsecret # # examples # # title Windows 95/98/NT/2000 # root (hd0,0) # makeactive # chainloader +1 # # title Linux # root (hd0,1) # kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro # # # Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST ### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST ## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified ## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below ## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs ## ## Start Default Options ## ## default kernel options ## default kernel options for automagic boot options ## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z ## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted. ## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro ## kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro ## kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro # kopt=root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 ro ## default grub root device ## e.g. groot=(hd0,0) # groot=(hd0,0) ## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options ## e.g. alternative=true ## alternative=false # alternative=true ## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options ## e.g. lockalternative=true ## lockalternative=false # lockalternative=false ## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the ## alternatives ## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5 # defoptions= ## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options ## e.g. lockold=false ## lockold=true # lockold=false ## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option # xenhopt= ## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option # xenkopt=console=tty0 ## altoption boot targets option ## multiple altoptions lines are allowed ## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options ## altoptions=(single-user) single # altoptions=(single-user mode) single ## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst ## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the ## alternative kernel options ## e.g. howmany=all ## howmany=7 # howmany=all ## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option ## e.g. memtest86=true ## memtest86=false # memtest86=true ## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system ## can be true or false # updatedefaultentry=false ## ## End Default Options ## ### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
Время первой команды журнала | 06:36:10 2006- 7-13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 21:08:45 2006- 8-10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 10.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 2.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008