18:12:18
|
#ping 172.16.1.
^C |
| /l3/users/eb/2009/linux4/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 |
|
|
#ping 172.16.1.1
PING 172.16.1.1 (172.16.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.590 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.544 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.641 ms ^C --- 172.16.1.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.544/0.591/0.641/0.048 ms |
|
#ping 192.168.101.2
PING 192.168.101.2 (192.168.101.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.101.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=1.01 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.101.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.699 ms ^C --- 192.168.101.2 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.699/0.857/1.016/0.161 ms |
|
#ping 192.168.101.1
PING 192.168.101.1 (192.168.101.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.101.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2015ms |
|
#ping 192.168.101.1
PING 192.168.101.1 (192.168.101.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.101.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3022ms |
|
#ping 192.168.101.2
PING 192.168.101.2 (192.168.101.2) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.101.2 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 999ms |
|
#ping 192.168.101.2
PING 192.168.101.2 (192.168.101.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.101.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.875 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.101.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.684 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.101.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=0.713 ms ^C --- 192.168.101.2 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.684/0.757/0.875/0.086 ms |
|
#vi /etc/network/i
|
|
#vi /etc/network/interfaces
|
|
#ping 192.168.301.2
ping: unknown host 192.168.301.2 |
|
#ping 192.168.302.2
ping: unknown host 192.168.302.2 |
|
#ping 192.168.302.2
ping: unknown host 192.168.302.2 |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.926 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.912 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=1.15 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.912/0.998/1.156/0.111 ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.100
PING 10.0.35.100 (10.0.35.100) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 10.0.35.100 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2014ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.100
PING 10.0.35.100 (10.0.35.100) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 10.0.35.100 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 4031ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=1.00 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.987 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=1.13 ms ^X64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=0.944 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=0.886 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.886/0.990/1.133/0.088 ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2015ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2006ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.920 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.719 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.719/0.819/0.920/0.104 ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.904 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.911 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=0.955 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.904/0.923/0.955/0.033 ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.996 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.938 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=0.918 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.918/0.950/0.996/0.048 ms |
|
#ssh 192.168.15.254
^C |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 15 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 14111ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.889 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.906 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.889/0.897/0.906/0.031 ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 88 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 86999ms |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.992 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.909 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=0.938 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.909/0.946/0.992/0.042 ms |
|
#ls /
bin data etc home lib media opt root selinux sys usr vmlinuz boot dev flash initrd.img lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var |
|
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.898 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.951 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.898/0.924/0.951/0.040 ms |
|
#ls /
bin data etc home lib media opt root selinux sys usr vmlinuz boot dev flash initrd.img lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var |
|
#ls /etc
a2ps.cfg crontab gshadow- localtime openoffice rpc a2ps-site.cfg cron.weekly gtk-2.0 logcheck openvpn rsyslog.conf adduser.conf dbus-1 hal login.defs opt screenrc adjtime debconf.conf hesiod.conf logrotate.conf pam.conf scsi_id.config aliases debian_version host.conf logrotate.d pam.d securetty alternatives debsums-ignore hostname lsb-base pango security anacrontab default hosts.allow lvm papersize services apache2 defoma hosts.deny magic passwd sgml apm deluser.conf iceweasel magic.mime passwd- shadow approx dhcp3 inetd.conf mailcap perl shadow- ... ca-certificates.conf gai.conf kernel-img.conf modules rc1.d ts.conf calendar gamin ldap monit rc2.d ucf.conf console gconf ld.so.cache motd rc3.d udev console-cyrillic gdm ld.so.conf motd.tail rc4.d vim ConsoleKit gre.d ld.so.conf.d mtab rc5.d wgetrc console-setup groff libaudit.conf mysql rc6.d X11 cron.d group libpaper.d nanorc rc.local xdg cron.daily group- lilalo network rcS.d xml cron.hourly grub.d locale.alias networks resolv.conf cron.monthly gshadow locale.gen nsswitch.conf rmt |
|
#ls /etc/init.d/
anacron exim4 lvm2 openbsd-inetd single aoetools gdm mdadm openvpn skeleton apache2 glibc.sh mdadm-raid portmap ssh atd hal module-init-tools procps stop-bootlogd aumix halt monit rc stop-bootlogd-single bootlogd hostname.sh mountall-bootclean.sh rc.local sudo bootmisc.sh hwclockfirst.sh mountall.sh rcS syslog-ng checkfs.sh hwclock.sh mountdevsubfs.sh README udev checkroot.sh ifupdown mountkernfs.sh reboot udev-mtab console-cyrillic ifupdown-clean mountnfs-bootclean.sh rmnologin umountfs console-screen.kbd.sh keyboard-setup mountnfs.sh rsync umountnfs.sh console-setup keymap.sh mountoverflowtmp rsyslog umountroot cron killprocs mtab.sh screen-cleanup urandom dbus lpd networking sendsigs x11-common |
|
#ls /etc/init.d/rc.local
/etc/init.d/rc.local |
|
#cat /etc/init.d/rc.local
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: rc.local
# Required-Start: $remote_fs
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Run /etc/rc.local if it exist
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
...
echo "Error: argument '$1' not supported" >&2
exit 3
;;
stop)
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 start|stop" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
|
|
#vi /etc/ssh/ssh
|
|
#vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
--- /tmp/l3-saved-26883.3141.27506 2009-06-03 21:17:19.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/ssh/sshd_config 2009-06-03 21:17:37.000000000 +0300 @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # See the sshd(8) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for -Port 4001 +Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 |
|
#traceroute 10.0.35.1
traceroute to 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets connect: Network is unreachable |
|
#ip poute
Object "poute" is unknown, try "ip help". |
|
#ip route
|
|
#ip route
|
|
#ping 192.168.102.1
connect: Network is unreachable |
|
#ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:76:a0:a9:12
BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
Interrupt:20 Base address:0xcc00
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1b:fc:7d:bb:1e
BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
|
|
#vi //etc/network/interfaces
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3732.13694.23910 2009-06-04 09:51:12.000000000 +0300
+++ //etc/network/interfaces 2009-06-04 09:51:43.000000000 +0300
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet static
- adress 192.168.102.2
+ address 192.168.102.2
# address 192.168.15.4
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.102.0
# network 192.168.15.0
- broadcast 192.168.15.255
+# broadcast 192.168.15.255
# gateway 192.168.15.254
gateway 192.168.102.1
|
|
#netstat -n
Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 3162 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7391 @/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11227 @/tmp/.ICE-unix/3303 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11226 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11225 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11224 ... unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7386 @/var/run/hald/dbus-sTMUCH50Qe unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7385 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7364 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7363 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7350 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7349 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7303 /dev/log unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7301 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7002 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7001 |
|
#netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.102.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.102.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
|
#ip route
192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.2 default via 192.168.102.1 dev eth0 |
|
#cat /etc/de
debconf.conf debian_version debsums-ignore default/ defoma/ deluser.conf |
|
#cat /etc/def
default/ defoma/ |
|
#cat /etc/default/
aoetools cron exim4 kdm.d/ monit rcS syslog-ng apache2 dbus hal locale ntpdate rsync tmpfs bootlogd debsums halt lpd openvpn rsyslog useradd console-setup devpts ifupdown mdadm portmap ssh |
|
#cat /etc/default/openvpn
# This is the configuration file for /etc/init.d/openvpn # # Start only these VPNs automatically via init script. # Allowed values are "all", "none" or space separated list of # names of the VPNs. If empty, "all" is assumed. # #AUTOSTART="all" #AUTOSTART="none" #AUTOSTART="home office" # # Refresh interval (in seconds) of default status files # located in /var/run/openvpn.$NAME.status # Defaults to 10, 0 disables status file generation # #STATUSREFRESH=10 #STATUSREFRESH=0 # Optional arguments to openvpn's command line OPTARGS="" |
|
#host ya.ru
ya.ru A 213.180.204.8 |
|
#dig ya.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ya.ru ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 62832 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 2993 IN A 213.180.204.8 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ya.ru. 2993 IN NS ns5.yandex.ru. ya.ru. 2993 IN NS ns1.yandex.ru. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.yandex.ru. 175264 IN A 213.180.193.1 ns5.yandex.ru. 175264 IN A 213.180.204.1 ;; Query time: 2 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 10:48:11 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 114 |
|
#mii-tool
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth1' failed: Invalid argument |
|
#mii-tool eth0
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok |
|
#dig eb.co.ua
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> eb.co.ua ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39192 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;eb.co.ua. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: eb.co.ua. 3030 IN SOA dns.eb.co.ua. uiyn.email.ua. 200712056 10800 3600 604800 3600 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 10:56:16 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 77 |
|
#dix mail.ru MX
bash: dix: command not found |
|
#dix mail.ru
bash: dix: command not found |
|
#dig mail.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> mail.ru ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59611 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 6, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;mail.ru. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: mail.ru. 2884 IN A 194.67.57.226 mail.ru. 2884 IN A 194.67.57.20 ... mail.ru. 2571 IN NS ns.mail.ru. mail.ru. 2571 IN NS ns5.mail.ru. mail.ru. 2571 IN NS ns4.mail.ru. mail.ru. 2571 IN NS ns2.mail.ru. mail.ru. 2571 IN NS ns3.mail.ru. mail.ru. 2571 IN NS ns1.mail.ru. ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 10:57:30 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 196 |
|
#dig mail.ru MX
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> mail.ru MX ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14251 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 6, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;mail.ru. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: mail.ru. 3545 IN MX 10 mxs.mail.ru. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ... mail.ru. 2567 IN NS ns5.mail.ru. mail.ru. 2567 IN NS ns1.mail.ru. mail.ru. 2567 IN NS ns3.mail.ru. mail.ru. 2567 IN NS ns2.mail.ru. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: mxs.mail.ru. 3545 IN A 94.100.176.20 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 10:57:34 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 168 |
|
#dig ua NS
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ua NS ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27436 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 10, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 4 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ua. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: ua. 172779 IN NS ns2.nic.fr. ua. 172779 IN NS cd1.ns.ua. ... ua. 172779 IN NS sunic.sunet.se. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns2.nic.fr. 109147 IN A 192.93.0.4 ns2.nic.fr. 109147 IN AAAA 2001:660:3005:1::1:2 sunic.sunet.se. 5364 IN A 192.36.125.2 sunic.sunet.se. 5364 IN AAAA 2001:6b0:7::2 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 10:58:15 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 334 |
|
#dig tj ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> tj ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 24372 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 5, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;tj. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: tj. 172783 IN NS tjmirror.eastera.tj. tj. 172783 IN NS ns2.tojikiston.com. tj. 172783 IN NS phloem.uoregon.edu. tj. 172783 IN NS ns1.nic.tj. tj. 172783 IN NS ns-tj.ripe.net. ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 10:59:05 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 165 |
|
#host eb.co.ua
eb.co.ua A record currently not present |
|
#host @eb.co.ua
*** invalid answer name \@eb.co.ua after A query for @eb.co.ua @eb.co.ua does not exist, try again |
|
#dig tj ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> tj ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 30922 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 5, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;tj. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: tj. 172664 IN NS tjmirror.eastera.tj. tj. 172664 IN NS ns-tj.ripe.net. tj. 172664 IN NS phloem.uoregon.edu. tj. 172664 IN NS ns1.nic.tj. tj. 172664 IN NS ns2.tojikiston.com. ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:01:04 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 165 |
|
#dig ua
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ua ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 7197 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ua. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ua. 10351 IN SOA updates-denied.kolo.net. domain-master.nic.net.ua. 2009060401 7205 3602 3024000 21600 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:05:23 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 101 |
|
#dig ua ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ua ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 54504 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 10, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 4 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ua. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: ua. 172325 IN NS ns-ua.ripe.net. ua. 172325 IN NS he1.ns.ua. ... ua. 172325 IN NS ns2.nic.fr. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns2.nic.fr. 108693 IN A 192.93.0.4 ns2.nic.fr. 108693 IN AAAA 2001:660:3005:1::1:2 sunic.sunet.se. 4910 IN A 192.36.125.2 sunic.sunet.se. 4910 IN AAAA 2001:6b0:7::2 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:05:48 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 334 |
|
#host sunic.sunet.se.
sunic.sunet.se A 192.36.125.2 |
|
#whois 192.36.125.2
OrgName: RIPE Network Coordination Centre OrgID: RIPE Address: P.O. Box 10096 City: Amsterdam StateProv: PostalCode: 1001EB Country: NL ReferralServer: whois://whois.ripe.net:43 NetRange: 192.36.0.0 - 192.38.255.255 CIDR: 192.36.0.0/15, 192.38.0.0/16 ... abuse-mailbox: abuse@sunet.se mnt-by: SUNET-MNT mnt-by: NORDUNET-MNT source: RIPE # Filtered % Information related to '192.36.125.0/24AS1653' route: 192.36.125.0/24 descr: SUNET-BACKBONE origin: AS1653 mnt-by: SUNET-MNT source: RIPE # Filtered |
|
#dig eb.co.ua mx
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> eb.co.ua mx ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17267 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;eb.co.ua. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: eb.co.ua. 572 IN MX 10 alpha.eb.co.ua. eb.co.ua. 572 IN MX 20 bravo.eb.co.ua. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: eb.co.ua. 2 IN NS ns2.eb.co.ua. eb.co.ua. 2 IN NS ns1.eb.co.ua. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: alpha.eb.co.ua. 2 IN A 62.80.163.45 bravo.eb.co.ua. 2 IN A 212.109.52.53 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:08:13 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 138 |
|
#dig eb.co.ua ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> eb.co.ua ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4930 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;eb.co.ua. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: eb.co.ua. 30 IN NS ns2.eb.co.ua. eb.co.ua. 30 IN NS ns1.eb.co.ua. ;; Query time: 37 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:08:20 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 62 |
|
#dig eb.co.ua mx
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> eb.co.ua mx ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 18305 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;eb.co.ua. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: eb.co.ua. 289 IN MX 20 bravo.eb.co.ua. eb.co.ua. 289 IN MX 10 alpha.eb.co.ua. ... co.ua. 13644 IN NS NS3.UADNS.COM. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: NS1.UADNS.COM. 96275 IN A 91.209.206.160 NS2.UADNS.COM. 96275 IN A 82.144.221.78 NS3.UADNS.COM. 96275 IN A 213.186.114.206 NS4.UADNS.COM. 96275 IN A 91.209.206.154 ;; Query time: 22 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:12:55 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 215 |
|
#dig eb.co.ua ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> eb.co.ua ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 41259 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;eb.co.ua. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: eb.co.ua. 26 IN NS ns1.eb.co.ua. eb.co.ua. 26 IN NS ns2.eb.co.ua. ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:14:45 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 62 |
|
#host ukrtel.net
ukrtel.net A 195.5.46.19 |
|
#host ukrtelecom.com.ua
ukrtelecom.com.ua A record currently not present |
|
#host ukrtelecom.ua
ukrtelecom.ua A 195.5.46.19 |
|
#dig ukrtelecom.ua
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ukrtelecom.ua ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 58122 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 3 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ukrtelecom.ua. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: ukrtelecom.ua. 172789 IN A 195.5.46.19 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ... ukrtelecom.ua. 172789 IN NS expert.ukrtel.net. ukrtelecom.ua. 172789 IN NS ns.colocall.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.colocall.net. 81478 IN A 62.149.2.60 expert.ukrtel.net. 172622 IN A 195.5.6.10 alphasite.ukrpack.net. 172622 IN A 195.230.150.70 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:16:53 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 202 |
|
#dig ukrtelecom.ua mx
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ukrtelecom.ua mx ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 62549 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 3 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ukrtelecom.ua. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: ukrtelecom.ua. 163398 IN MX 30 cascade2.ukrtelecom.net. ukrtelecom.ua. 163398 IN MX 10 cascade1.ukrtelecom.net. ... ukrtelecom.ua. 172755 IN NS expert.ukrtel.net. ukrtelecom.ua. 172755 IN NS ns2.ukrtelecom.ua. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.colocall.net. 81444 IN A 62.149.2.60 expert.ukrtel.net. 172588 IN A 195.5.6.10 alphasite.ukrpack.net. 172588 IN A 195.230.150.70 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:17:28 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 247 |
|
#dig ukrtelecom.ua ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ukrtelecom.ua ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51014 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 3 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ukrtelecom.ua. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: ukrtelecom.ua. 172749 IN NS ns.colocall.net. ukrtelecom.ua. 172749 IN NS ns2.ukrtelecom.ua. ukrtelecom.ua. 172749 IN NS expert.ukrtel.net. ukrtelecom.ua. 172749 IN NS alphasite.ukrpack.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.colocall.net. 81438 IN A 62.149.2.60 expert.ukrtel.net. 172582 IN A 195.5.6.10 alphasite.ukrpack.net. 172582 IN A 195.230.150.70 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:17:34 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 186 |
|
#dig @ns2.ukrtelecom.ua version.bind chaos txt
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @ns2.ukrtelecom.ua version.bind chaos txt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20219 ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH TXT "9.4.3" ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH NS version.bind. ;; Query time: 81 msec ;; SERVER: 82.207.67.6#53(82.207.67.6) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:18:26 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 62 |
|
#dig @kyivstar.net
|
|
#dig kyivstar.net mx
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net mx ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 65414 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;kyivstar.net. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: kyivstar.net. 84906 IN MX 10 coca.i.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 84906 IN MX 20 fanta.i.kyivstar.net. ... kyivstar.net. 84906 IN NS ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.kyivstar.net. 85337 IN A 193.41.60.55 ns1.kyivstar.net. 85348 IN A 193.41.60.18 ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. 84906 IN A 195.64.225.199 star.kyivstar.net. 85328 IN A 193.41.60.25 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:32:51 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 226 |
|
#dig kyivstar.net ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 41892 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 4 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;kyivstar.net. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: kyivstar.net. 84895 IN NS star.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 84895 IN NS ns1.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 84895 IN NS ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. kyivstar.net. 84895 IN NS ns.kyivstar.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.kyivstar.net. 85326 IN A 193.41.60.55 ns1.kyivstar.net. 85337 IN A 193.41.60.18 ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. 84895 IN A 195.64.225.199 star.kyivstar.net. 85317 IN A 193.41.60.25 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:33:02 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 181 |
|
#dig kyivstar.net
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 54525 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;kyivstar.net. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: kyivstar.net. 84734 IN A 193.41.60.108 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ... kyivstar.net. 84585 IN NS star.kyivstar.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.kyivstar.net. 85016 IN A 193.41.60.55 ns1.kyivstar.net. 85027 IN A 193.41.60.18 ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. 84585 IN A 195.64.225.199 star.kyivstar.net. 85007 IN A 193.41.60.25 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:38:12 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 197 |
|
#apt-get instal bind9
E: Invalid operation instal |
|
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: portmap Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: bind9utils Suggested packages: bind9-doc resolvconf ufw ... Setting up bind9utils (1:9.6.0.dfsg.P1-2) ... Setting up bind9 (1:9.6.0.dfsg.P1-2) ... Adding group `bind' (GID 112) ... Done. Adding system user `bind' (UID 108) ... Adding new user `bind' (UID 108) with group `bind' ... Not creating home directory `/var/cache/bind'. wrote key file "/etc/bind/rndc.key" # Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
|
#dpkg -L bind9
/. /etc /etc/apparmor.d /etc/apparmor.d/force-complain /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.named /etc/ufw /etc/ufw/applications.d /etc/ufw/applications.d/bind9 /etc/init.d /etc/init.d/bind9 ... /usr/sbin /usr/sbin/dnssec-dsfromkey /usr/sbin/dnssec-keyfromlabel /usr/sbin/named /usr/bin /var /var/run /var/run/named /var/cache /var/cache/bind |
|
#cat /etc/
Display all 182 possibilities? (y or n) |
|
#cat /etc/b
bash.bashrc bash_completion.d/ bindresvport.blacklist blkid.tab.old bash_completion bind/ blkid.tab |
|
#cat /etc/bind
bind/ bindresvport.blacklist |
|
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named.
//
// Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the
// structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize
// this configuration file.
//
// If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";
// prime the server with knowledge of the root servers
zone "." {
...
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.0";
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.255";
};
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
|
|
#vi /etc/bind/named.conf
|
|
#}
named.conf named.conf.local named.conf.options |
|
#vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3732.11935.21646 2009-06-04 11:58:12.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/bind/named.conf.options 2009-06-04 11:59:26.000000000 +0300
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
// Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
- // forwarders {
- // 0.0.0.0;
- // };
+ forwarders {
+ 10.0.35.1;
+ };
auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
listen-on-v6 { any; };
|
|
#vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
|
|
#/etc/init.d/b
bind9 bootlogd bootmisc.sh |
|
#/etc/init.d/bind9 start
Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
|
#~
bind/ bindresvport.blacklist |
|
#vi /etc/bind/
|
|
#vi /etc/bind/
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3732.6951.21394 2009-06-04 12:07:33.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/resolv.conf 2009-06-04 12:09:15.000000000 +0300 @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -nameserver 10.0.35.1 +nameserver 127.0.0.1 +# nameserver 10.0.35.1 domain unix.nt |
|
#vi /etc/init.d/
|
|
#vi /etc/init.d/
|
Display all 182 possibilities? (y or n)
bash.bashrc bash_completion.d/ bindresvport.blacklist blkid.tab.old bash_completion bind/ blkid.tab
bind/ bindresvport.blacklist
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named.
//
// Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the
// structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize
// this configuration file.
//
// If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";
// prime the server with knowledge of the root servers
zone "." {
type hint;
file "/etc/bind/db.root";
};
// be authoritative for the localhost forward and reverse zones, and for
// broadcast zones as per RFC 1912
zone "localhost" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.local";
};
zone "127.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.127";
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.0";
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.255";
};
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
debconf.conf debian_version debsums-ignore default/ defoma/ deluser.conf
default/ defoma/
aoetools cron exim4 kdm.d/ monit rcS syslog-ng apache2 dbus hal locale ntpdate rsync tmpfs bootlogd debsums halt lpd openvpn rsyslog useradd console-setup devpts ifupdown mdadm portmap ssh
# This is the configuration file for /etc/init.d/openvpn # # Start only these VPNs automatically via init script. # Allowed values are "all", "none" or space separated list of # names of the VPNs. If empty, "all" is assumed. # #AUTOSTART="all" #AUTOSTART="none" #AUTOSTART="home office" # # Refresh interval (in seconds) of default status files # located in /var/run/openvpn.$NAME.status # Defaults to 10, 0 disables status file generation # #STATUSREFRESH=10 #STATUSREFRESH=0 # Optional arguments to openvpn's command line OPTARGS=""
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: rc.local
# Required-Start: $remote_fs
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Run /etc/rc.local if it exist
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
do_start() {
if [ -x /etc/rc.local ]; then
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_begin_msg "Running local boot scripts (/etc/rc.local)"
/etc/rc.local
ES=$?
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg $ES
return $ES
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
do_start
;;
restart|reload|force-reload)
echo "Error: argument '$1' not supported" >&2
exit 3
;;
stop)
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 start|stop" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
| Время первой команды журнала | 18:12:18 2009- 6- 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Время последней команды журнала | 12:01:19 2009- 6- 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 18.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 1.98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 4.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
| Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1
2
3
4
Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса,
нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008