[ править ]

Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Файлы
Статистика
Справка
О программе

Журнал

Вторник (02/21/12)

/dev/pts/4

15:41:22

#ifconfig | less

15:41:33

#ip link

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:1b:21:ad:7c:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: pan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN
    link/ether 0a:af:fd:50:3a:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

15:41:44

#dmesg | grep eth

[    0.296242] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed [\_SB_.PCI0._OSC] (Node f24406c8), AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20110316/psparse-536)
[    0.296249] ACPI: Marking method _OSC as Serialized because of AE_ALREADY_EXISTS error
[    0.304599] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed [\_SB_.PCI0._OSC] (Node f24406c8), AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20110316/psparse-536)
[    0.304667] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed [\_SB_.PCI0._OSC] (Node f24406c8), AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20110316/psparse-536)
[    1.494272] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: (PCI Express:2.5GB/s:Width x1) 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33
[    1.494275] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[    1.494297] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: MAC: 7, PHY: 6, PBA No: 1062FF-0FF
[    1.627420] e1000e 0000:30:00.0: eth1: (PCI Express:2.5GB/s:Width x1) 00:1b:21:ad:7c:cd
[    1.627423] e1000e 0000:30:00.0: eth1: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[    1.627436] e1000e 0000:30:00.0: eth1: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: E46981-005
...
[79016.904879] e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[79016.904884] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO
[79018.260993] e1000e: eth1 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[79018.260997] e1000e 0000:30:00.0: eth1: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO
[79042.176139] e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Down
[79043.804164] e1000e: eth1 NIC Link is Down
[79064.444876] e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[79064.444881] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO
[79064.464996] e1000e: eth1 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[79064.465000] e1000e 0000:30:00.0: eth1: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO

15:42:11

#dmesg | grep eth | less

15:42:41

#mii-tool .

SIOCGMIIPHY on '.' failed: No such device

15:42:53

#mii-tool

SIOCGMIIREG on eth0 failed: Input/output error
SIOCGMIIREG on eth0 failed: Input/output error
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
SIOCGMIIREG on eth1 failed: Input/output error
SIOCGMIIREG on eth1 failed: Input/output error
eth1: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok

15:42:54

#apt-cache search eth-tool

15:43:01

#apt-cache search eth tool

libace-flreactor-5.7.7 - ACE-GUI reactor integration for Fl
libace-tkreactor-5.7.7 - ACE-GUI reactor integration for Tk
adns-tools - Asynchronous-capable DNS client library and utilities
aldo - Morse code training program
amap-align - Protein multiple alignment by sequence annealing
aoetools - tools to assist in using ATA over Ethernet
apt-listbugs - tool which lists critical bugs before each apt installation
audex - Audio grabber tool for KDE
autopsy - graphical interface to SleuthKit
backup2l - low-maintenance backup/restore tool
...
vim-latexsuite - view, edit and compile LaTeX documents from within Vim
vobcopy - A tool to copy DVD VOBs to hard disk
wakeonlan - Sends 'magic packets' to wake-on-LAN enabled ethernet adapters
watchupstream - Look for newer upstream releases
weka-doc - Machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks
weka - Machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks
xapian-omega - CGI search interface and indexers using Xapian
apache2-utils - utility programs for webservers
devscripts - scripts to make the life of a Debian Package maintainer easier
policykit-1 - framework for managing administrative policies and privileges

15:43:06

#apt-cache search eth tool | less

15:43:14

#apt-cache search eth tool | grep eth.*tool

etherwake - A little tool to send magic Wake-on-LAN packets
ethtool - display or change Ethernet device settings
nethogs - Net top tool grouping bandwidth per process

15:43:19

#apt-get install ethtool

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ethtool
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 71.8 kB of archives.
After this operation, 266 kB of additional disk space will be used.
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  ethtool
Install these packages without verification [y/N]? Y
Get:1 http://10.0.35.1/debian/ squeeze/main ethtool i386 1:2.6.34-3 [71.8 kB]
Fetched 71.8 kB in 2s (26.4 kB/s)
Selecting previously deselected package ethtool.
(Reading database ... 112006 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking ethtool (from .../ethtool_1%3a2.6.34-3_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up ethtool (1:2.6.34-3) ...

15:43:32

#ifconfig -l

ifconfig: option `-l' not recognised.
ifconfig: `--help' gives usage information.

15:43:54

#ifconfig -a

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33
          inet addr:10.0.35.45  Bcast:10.0.35.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20f:feff:fee6:dd33/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1772513 errors:0 dropped:30 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:386387 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:918134473 (875.6 MiB)  TX bytes:37779679 (36.0 MiB)
          Interrupt:19 Memory:f0180000-f01a0000
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1b:21:ad:7c:cd
...
          RX packets:4175 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:4175 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:1128560 (1.0 MiB)  TX bytes:1128560 (1.0 MiB)
pan0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 0a:af:fd:50:3a:6c
          BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

15:43:56

#ifconfig -a | less

15:44:00

#ifconfig | less

15:44:05

#ip link

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:1b:21:ad:7c:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: pan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN
    link/ether 0a:af:fd:50:3a:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

15:44:52

#ethtool

ethtool: bad command line argument(s)
For more information run ethtool -h

15:45:32

#ethtool eth0

Settings for eth0:
        Supported ports: [ TP ]
        Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                1000baseT/Full
        Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
        Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                1000baseT/Full
        Advertised pause frame use: No
...
        Duplex: Full
        Port: Twisted Pair
        PHYAD: 1
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: on
        MDI-X: off
        Supports Wake-on: pumbg
        Wake-on: g
        Current message level: 0x00000001 (1)
        Link detected: yes

15:45:35

#ethtool eth1

Settings for eth1:
        Supported ports: [ TP ]
        Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                1000baseT/Full
        Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
        Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                1000baseT/Full
        Advertised pause frame use: No
...
        Duplex: Full
        Port: Twisted Pair
        PHYAD: 1
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: on
        MDI-X: on
        Supports Wake-on: pumbg
        Wake-on: g
        Current message level: 0x00000001 (1)
        Link detected: yes

15:45:54

#mii-tool

SIOCGMIIREG on eth0 failed: Input/output error
SIOCGMIIREG on eth0 failed: Input/output error
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
SIOCGMIIREG on eth1 failed: Input/output error
SIOCGMIIREG on eth1 failed: Input/output error
eth1: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok

15:46:43

#apt-cache search mii diag

mii-diag - A little tool to manipulate network cards

15:47:28

#apt-get install mii-diag

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  nictools-pci nictools-nopci
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  mii-diag
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 18.3 kB of archives.
After this operation, 77.8 kB of additional disk space will be used.
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  mii-diag
Install these packages without verification [y/N]? Y
Get:1 http://10.0.35.1/debian/ squeeze/main mii-diag i386 2.11-3 [18.3 kB]
Fetched 18.3 kB in 1s (11.3 kB/s)
Selecting previously deselected package mii-diag.
(Reading database ... 112018 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking mii-diag (from .../mii-diag_2.11-3_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up mii-diag (2.11-3) ...

15:47:39

#mii-diag

Using the default interface 'eth0'.
SIOCGMIIREG on eth0 failed: Input/output error
Basic registers of MII PHY #1:  1140 792d 02a8 0390 0de1 41e1 0005 ffff.
 The autonegotiated capability is 01e0.
The autonegotiated media type is 100baseTx-FD.
 Basic mode control register 0x1140: Auto-negotiation enabled.
 You have link beat, and everything is working OK.
 Your link partner advertised 41e1: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx 10baseT-FD 10baseT.
   End of basic transceiver information.

15:47:41

#mii-diag eth0

SIOCGMIIREG on eth0 failed: Input/output error
Basic registers of MII PHY #1:  1140 792d 02a8 0390 0de1 41e1 0005 ffff.
 The autonegotiated capability is 01e0.
The autonegotiated media type is 100baseTx-FD.
 Basic mode control register 0x1140: Auto-negotiation enabled.
 You have link beat, and everything is working OK.
 Your link partner advertised 41e1: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx 10baseT-FD 10baseT.
   End of basic transceiver information.

15:47:51

#mii-diag eth1

SIOCGMIIREG on eth1 failed: Input/output error
Basic registers of MII PHY #1:  1140 796d 0141 0cb1 0de1 41e1 0005 ffff.
 The autonegotiated capability is 01e0.
The autonegotiated media type is 100baseTx-FD.
 Basic mode control register 0x1140: Auto-negotiation enabled.
 You have link beat, and everything is working OK.
 Your link partner advertised 41e1: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx 10baseT-FD 10baseT.
   End of basic transceiver information.

15:47:55

#lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82Q35 Express DRAM Controller (rev 02)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82Q35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 02)
00:03.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 82Q35 Express MEI Controller (rev 02)
00:03.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82Q35 Express PT IDER Controller (rev 02)
00:03.3 Serial controller: Intel Corporation 82Q35 Express Serial KT Controller (rev 02)
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82566DM-2 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 02)
00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02)
00:1a.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 02)
00:1a.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 02)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev 92)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801IO (ICH9DO) LPC Interface Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801IR/IO/IH (ICH9R/DO/DH) 4 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 02)
30:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82574L Gigabit Network Connection

15:50:13

#lspci | less

15:51:42

#lspci | less

15:51:57

#ifconfig eth0

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33
          inet addr:10.0.35.45  Bcast:10.0.35.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20f:feff:fee6:dd33/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1785077 errors:0 dropped:30 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:389495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:920878403 (878.2 MiB)  TX bytes:38187170 (36.4 MiB)
          Interrupt:19 Memory:f0180000-f01a0000

15:52:04

#lspci -v | less

15:53:31

#lspci -v | less

15:54:02

#lspci -v | less

15:54:33

#ifconfig eth1

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1b:21:ad:7c:cd
          inet addr:10.0.100.37  Bcast:10.255.255.255  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::21b:21ff:fead:7ccd/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1081248 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5180 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:86798309 (82.7 MiB)  TX bytes:391338 (382.1 KiB)
          Interrupt:17 Memory:f0280000-f02a0000

15:54:35

#lspci -v | less

15:54:52

#find /sys -name \*eth0\*

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:19.0/net/eth0
/sys/class/net/eth0

15:58:01

#find /sys -name \*eth1\*

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:30:00.0/net/eth1
/sys/class/net/eth1

16:00:22

#man lspci

прошло 11 минут

16:12:16

#apt-get install vlan

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  vlan
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 39.6 kB of archives.
After this operation, 176 kB of additional disk space will be used.
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  vlan
Install these packages without verification [y/N]? Y
Get:1 http://10.0.35.1/debian/ squeeze/main vlan i386 1.9-3 [39.6 kB]
Fetched 39.6 kB in 0s (0 B/s)
Selecting previously deselected package vlan.
(Reading database ... 112023 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking vlan (from .../archives/vlan_1.9-3_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up vlan (1.9-3) ...

16:12:30

#vconfig add eth0 10

WARNING:  Could not open /proc/net/vlan/config.  Maybe you need to load the 8021q module, or maybe you are not using PROCFS??
Added VLAN with VID == 10 to IF -:eth0:-

16:12:37

#ifconfig eth0.10

eth0.10   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33
          BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

16:12:41

#vconfig add eth0 20

Added VLAN with VID == 20 to IF -:eth0:-

16:12:44

#ifconfig eth0.20

eth0.20   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33
          BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

16:12:46

#vconfig del eth0 20

Unknown command -:del:-
Usage: add             [interface-name] [vlan_id]
       rem             [vlan-name]
       set_flag        [interface-name] [flag-num]       [0 | 1]
       set_egress_map  [vlan-name]      [skb_priority]   [vlan_qos]
       set_ingress_map [vlan-name]      [skb_priority]   [vlan_qos]
       set_name_type   [name-type]
* The [interface-name] is the name of the ethernet card that hosts
  the VLAN you are talking about.
* The vlan_id is the identifier (0-4095) of the VLAN you are operating on.
* skb_priority is the priority in the socket buffer (sk_buff).
* vlan_qos is the 3 bit priority in the VLAN header
* name-type:  VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5),
              DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5)
* FLAGS:  1 REORDER_HDR  When this is set, the VLAN device will move the
            ethernet header around to make it look exactly like a real
            ethernet device.  This may help programs such as DHCPd which
            read the raw ethernet packet and make assumptions about the
            location of bytes.  If you don't need it, don't turn it on, because
            there will be at least a small performance degradation.  Default
            is OFF.

16:13:44

#vconfig rem eth0 20

ERROR: trying to remove VLAN -:eth0:- error: Invalid argument

16:13:47

#vconfig rem eth0 10

ERROR: trying to remove VLAN -:eth0:- error: Invalid argument

16:13:49

#vconfig rem eth0.10

Removed VLAN -:eth0.10:-

16:14:22

#vconfig rem eth0.20

Removed VLAN -:eth0.20:-

16:14:25

#ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33
          inet addr:10.0.35.45  Bcast:10.0.35.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20f:feff:fee6:dd33/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1820521 errors:0 dropped:30 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:394554 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:925814669 (882.9 MiB)  TX bytes:38777448 (36.9 MiB)
          Interrupt:19 Memory:f0180000-f01a0000
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1b:21:ad:7c:cd
...
          RX bytes:89074634 (84.9 MiB)  TX bytes:391489 (382.3 KiB)
          Interrupt:17 Memory:f0280000-f02a0000
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:4237 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:4237 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:1135516 (1.0 MiB)  TX bytes:1135516 (1.0 MiB)

16:19:33

#ssh 10.0.35.203

middling# sh arp
 IP ARP table
  IP Address      MAC Address       Type    Port
  --------------- ----------------- ------- ----
  10.0.35.41      000ffe-7eb8fb     dynamic 12
  10.0.35.42      000ffe-7eb92f     dynamic 6
  10.0.35.43      0007e9-0c4511     dynamic 1
  10.0.35.44      000ffe-7ea77b     dynamic 7
  10.0.35.45      000ffe-e6dd33     dynamic 4
Connection to 10.0.35.203 closed.

16:22:44

#ifconfig eth0.10 192.168.10.5

SIOCSIFADDR: No such device
eth0.10: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device

16:23:04

#vconfig add eth0 10

Added VLAN with VID == 10 to IF -:eth0:-

16:23:08

#ifconfig eth0.10 192.168.10.5

16:23:13

#ifconfig eth0.20 192.168.20.5

16:23:17

#ping 192.168.20.4

PING 192.168.20.4 (192.168.20.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.20.4: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.542 ms
^C
--- 192.168.20.4 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.542/0.542/0.542/0.000 ms

16:23:21

#ping -f 192.168.20.4

PING 192.168.20.4 (192.168.20.4) 56(84) bytes of data.

16:23:55

#^C

16:25:30

#^C

/dev/pts/4

16:27:28

#vim /etc/network/interfaces

16:30:24

#cat /etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0 eth0.10 eth0.20
iface eth0 inet static
        address 10.0.35.45
        netmask 255.255.255.0
...
        gateway 10.0.35.1
        # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
        dns-nameservers 10.0.35.1
        dns-search unix.nt
iface eth0.10 inet static
        address 192.168.10.1
        netmask 255.255.255.0
iface eth0.20 inet static
        address 192.168.20.1
        netmask 255.255.255.0

16:31:00

#vconfig

Expecting argc to be 3-5, inclusive.  Was: 1
Usage: add             [interface-name] [vlan_id]
       rem             [vlan-name]
       set_flag        [interface-name] [flag-num]       [0 | 1]
       set_egress_map  [vlan-name]      [skb_priority]   [vlan_qos]
       set_ingress_map [vlan-name]      [skb_priority]   [vlan_qos]
       set_name_type   [name-type]
* The [interface-name] is the name of the ethernet card that hosts
  the VLAN you are talking about.
* The vlan_id is the identifier (0-4095) of the VLAN you are operating on.
* skb_priority is the priority in the socket buffer (sk_buff).
* vlan_qos is the 3 bit priority in the VLAN header
* name-type:  VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5),
              DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5)
* FLAGS:  1 REORDER_HDR  When this is set, the VLAN device will move the
            ethernet header around to make it look exactly like a real
            ethernet device.  This may help programs such as DHCPd which
            read the raw ethernet packet and make assumptions about the
            location of bytes.  If you don't need it, don't turn it on, because
            there will be at least a small performance degradation.  Default
            is OFF.

16:32:51

#ip link

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:1b:21:ad:7c:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: pan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN
    link/ether 0a:af:fd:50:3a:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
7: eth0.10@eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
    link/ether 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: eth0.20@eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
    link/ether 00:0f:fe:e6:dd:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

16:33:10

#ip link | grep @eth0

7: eth0.10@eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
8: eth0.20@eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP

16:34:05

#vim /etc/network/interfaces

--- /tmp/l3-saved-27323.16930.27913	2012-02-21 17:34:40.000000000 +0200
+++ /etc/network/interfaces	2012-02-21 17:34:56.000000000 +0200
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 iface eth0.10 inet static
 	address 192.168.10.5
 	netmask 255.255.255.0
+	broadcast 192.168.10.255
 
 iface eth0.20 inet static
 	address 192.168.20.5

16:34:56

#ifconfig eth0.10 down

16:35:00

#vconfig del eth0.10

Unknown command -:del:-
Usage: add             [interface-name] [vlan_id]
       rem             [vlan-name]
       set_flag        [interface-name] [flag-num]       [0 | 1]
       set_egress_map  [vlan-name]      [skb_priority]   [vlan_qos]
       set_ingress_map [vlan-name]      [skb_priority]   [vlan_qos]
       set_name_type   [name-type]
* The [interface-name] is the name of the ethernet card that hosts
  the VLAN you are talking about.
* The vlan_id is the identifier (0-4095) of the VLAN you are operating on.
* skb_priority is the priority in the socket buffer (sk_buff).
* vlan_qos is the 3 bit priority in the VLAN header
* name-type:  VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5),
              DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5)
* FLAGS:  1 REORDER_HDR  When this is set, the VLAN device will move the
            ethernet header around to make it look exactly like a real
            ethernet device.  This may help programs such as DHCPd which
            read the raw ethernet packet and make assumptions about the
            location of bytes.  If you don't need it, don't turn it on, because
            there will be at least a small performance degradation.  Default
            is OFF.

16:35:08

#vconfig rem eth0.10

Removed VLAN -:eth0.10:-

16:35:12

#ifup eth0.10

Set name-type for VLAN subsystem. Should be visible in /proc/net/vlan/config
Added VLAN with VID == 10 to IF -:eth0:-

16:37:32

## http://xgu.ru/wiki/xen/drbd

Среда (02/22/12)

/dev/pts/2

09:10:47

#ssh 10.0.35.203

10.0.35.41 is alive, time = 1 ms
middling# ping 10.0.35.43
10.0.35.43 is alive, time = 1 ms
middling# ping 10.0.35.44
10.0.35.44 is alive, time = 1 ms
middling# ping 10.0.35.41
10.0.35.41 is alive, time = 1 ms
middling# ping 10.0.35.42
Target did not respond.
middling# ping 10.0.35.42
...
middling(config)# sh run
Running configuration:
; J8164A Configuration Editor; Created on release #H.10.83
hostname "middling"
ip default-gateway 10.0.3.4
ip routing
snmp-server community "45544545" Unrestricted
vlan 1
   name "DEFAULT_VLAN"
Connection to 10.0.35.203 closed.

09:17:12

#cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

09:18:16

#for i in 1 2 3 4; do route add -net 192.168.${i}0.0/24 gw 10.0.35.4$i ; done

09:18:22

#ping 192.168.10.2

PING 192.168.10.2 (192.168.10.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.10.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1008ms

09:18:36

#ping 192.168.20.3

PING 192.168.20.3 (192.168.20.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.20.3 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

09:18:39

#ping 192.168.30.4

PING 192.168.30.4 (192.168.30.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.30.4 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

09:18:42

#ping 192.168.40.1

PING 192.168.40.1 (192.168.40.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.40.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

09:18:46

#cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

09:18:50

#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

09:20:32

#ping 192.168.30.2

PING 192.168.30.2 (192.168.30.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.30.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

09:22:00

#ping 192.168.40.3

PING 192.168.40.3 (192.168.40.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.40.3: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=5.91 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.40.3: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.689 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.40.3: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.702 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.40.3: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.597 ms
^C
--- 192.168.40.3 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.597/1.976/5.917/2.275 ms

09:22:06

#ping 192.168.10.4

PING 192.168.10.4 (192.168.10.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=1 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.517 ms
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.538 ms
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=3 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.755 ms
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=4 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.820 ms
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=5 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=0.476 ms
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=6 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=0.504 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=7 ttl=64 time=0.580 ms
^C
--- 192.168.10.4 ping statistics ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, time 5997ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.476/0.598/0.820/0.127 ms

09:22:18

#ping 192.168.10.4

PING 192.168.10.4 (192.168.10.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=1 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.786 ms
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.659 ms
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=3 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.650 ms
From 10.0.35.41: icmp_seq=4 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 192.168.10.4)
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.820 ms
^C
--- 192.168.10.4 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.650/0.728/0.820/0.082 ms

09:25:58

#traceroute -I 192.168.10.4

traceroute to 192.168.10.4 (192.168.10.4), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
^C

09:26:03

#traceroute -I 192.168.10.4 n

Cannot handle "packetlen" cmdline arg `n' on position 2 (argc 3)

09:26:04

#traceroute -I 192.168.10.4 -n

traceroute to 192.168.10.4 (192.168.10.4), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  10.0.35.41  0.426 ms  0.426 ms  0.426 ms
 2  192.168.10.4  0.430 ms  0.430 ms  0.429 ms

09:26:06

#traceroute -I 192.168.10.4 -n

traceroute to 192.168.10.4 (192.168.10.4), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  10.0.35.41  0.141 ms  0.140 ms  0.140 ms
 2  192.168.10.4  0.370 ms  0.609 ms  0.610 ms

09:26:41

#ping 192.168.40.3

PING 192.168.40.3 (192.168.40.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.40.3: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.546 ms
^C
--- 192.168.40.3 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.546/0.546/0.546/0.000 ms

09:26:47

#ping 192.168.30.2

PING 192.168.30.2 (192.168.30.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.30.2 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 5040ms

09:26:56

#ping 192.168.20.1

PING 192.168.20.1 (192.168.20.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.20.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.503 ms
^C
--- 192.168.20.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.503/0.503/0.503/0.000 ms

09:27:00

#ping 192.168.10.4

PING 192.168.10.4 (192.168.10.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.10.4: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.590 ms
^C
--- 192.168.10.4 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.590/0.590/0.590/0.000 ms

09:27:04

#ping 192.168.30.2

PING 192.168.30.2 (192.168.30.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.30.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 999ms

09:27:07

#ping 192.168.20.2

PING 192.168.20.2 (192.168.20.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.201 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.495 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.492 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.547 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=0.504 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=0.548 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=7 ttl=64 time=0.497 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=8 ttl=64 time=0.494 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=9 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms
^C
--- 192.168.20.2 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 7999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.161/0.437/0.548/0.141 ms

09:27:23

#ping 192.168.20.2

PING 192.168.20.2 (192.168.20.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.338 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.493 ms
^C
--- 192.168.20.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.338/0.415/0.493/0.080 ms

09:31:02

#ping 192.168.20.1

PING 192.168.20.1 (192.168.20.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.20.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.466 ms
^C
--- 192.168.20.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.466/0.466/0.466/0.000 ms

09:31:03

#ping 192.168.20.1

PING 192.168.20.1 (192.168.20.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.20.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.496 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.774 ms
^C
--- 192.168.20.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.496/0.635/0.774/0.139 ms

09:31:10

#ping 192.168.20.2

PING 192.168.20.2 (192.168.20.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.225 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.545 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.538 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.538 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=0.541 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=0.534 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=7 ttl=64 time=0.539 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.20.2: icmp_req=8 ttl=64 time=0.545 ms
^C
--- 192.168.20.2 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 8 received, 0% packet loss, time 6997ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.225/0.500/0.545/0.107 ms

09:31:18

#traceroute -I 192.168.20.1

traceroute to 192.168.20.1 (192.168.20.1), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
^C

09:31:32

#traceroute -I 192.168.20.1 -n

traceroute to 192.168.20.1 (192.168.20.1), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  10.0.35.42  0.528 ms  0.527 ms  0.526 ms
 2  10.0.35.1  0.869 ms  0.870 ms  0.870 ms
 3  10.0.64.155  1.120 ms  1.120 ms  1.121 ms
 4  * * *
 5  * * *
 6  * * *
 7  * * *
 8  * * *
 9  * * *
...
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

09:32:06

#ssh 10.0.35.42

root@10.0.35.42's password:
Linux debian2 2.6.39-bpo.2-686-pae #1 SMP Thu Aug 4 11:02:22 UTC 2011 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Wed Feb 22 10:01:15 2012 from 10.0.35.40
l3-agent is already running: pid=2911; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid

09:33:43

#route -n

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         10.0.35.1       0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
10.0.35.0       0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
192.168.10.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0.10

09:33:45

#ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0f:fe:7e:b9:2f
          inet addr:10.0.35.42  Bcast:10.0.35.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20f:feff:fe7e:b92f/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:74921 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:20971 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:16425281 (15.6 MiB)  TX bytes:3172655 (3.0 MiB)
          Interrupt:19 Memory:f0180000-f01a0000
eth0.10   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0f:fe:7e:b9:2f
...
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:1212 (1.1 KiB)  TX bytes:22309 (21.7 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:150 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:150 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:14167 (13.8 KiB)  TX bytes:14167 (13.8 KiB)

09:34:06

#ifconfig eth0.10 down

Файлы

/etc/network/interfaces

/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

/etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0 eth0.10 eth0.20
iface eth0 inet static
        address 10.0.35.45
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network 10.0.35.0
        broadcast 10.0.35.255
        gateway 10.0.35.1
        # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
        dns-nameservers 10.0.35.1
        dns-search unix.nt
iface eth0.10 inet static
        address 192.168.10.1
        netmask 255.255.255.0
iface eth0.20 inet static
        address 192.168.20.1
        netmask 255.255.255.0

/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Статистика

Время первой команды журнала 15:41:22 2012- 2-21

Время последней команды журнала 09:34:06 2012- 2-22

Количество командных строк в журнале 101

Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % 16.83

Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % 0.00

Суммарное время работы с терминалом ^*, час 1.32

Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 1.27

Частота использования команд

`ping`	20	\|================\| 16.81%
`ifconfig`	16	\|=============\| 13.45%
`vconfig`	11	\|=========\| 9.24%
`less`	11	\|=========\| 9.24%
`lspci`	7	\|=====\| 5.88%
`traceroute`	6	\|=====\| 5.04%
`apt-cache`	5	\|====\| 4.20%
`grep`	4	\|===\| 3.36%
`ip`	4	\|===\| 3.36%
`ethtool`	3	\|==\| 2.52%
`cat`	3	\|==\| 2.52%
`apt-get`	3	\|==\| 2.52%
`mii-diag`	3	\|==\| 2.52%
`ssh`	3	\|==\| 2.52%
`mii-tool`	3	\|==\| 2.52%
`vim`	2	\|=\| 1.68%
`dmesg`	2	\|=\| 1.68%
`^C`	2	\|=\| 1.68%
`find`	2	\|=\| 1.68%
`man`	1	\|\| 0.84%
`ip_forward`	1	\|\| 0.84%
`ifup`	1	\|\| 0.84%
`route`	1	\|\| 0.84%
`#`	1	\|\| 0.84%
`for`	1	\|\| 0.84%
`echo`	1	\|\| 0.84%
`do`	1	\|\| 0.84%
`done`	1	\|\| 0.84%

____
*) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются

Справка

Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного: всё происходит само собой. Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:

В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l

bash: l: command not found
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4
Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой. Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.

$ find / -name abc

find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C

Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id

uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc

2a3,5 > if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then > . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion > fi
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc
В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.

Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
```
$ whoami
```
```
user
```
```
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?
```
в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
```
$ whoami
```
```
user
```
Интересно, кто я?

Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:

$ whoami

user

$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?

Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
-
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
в этом мире.

В журнале это будет выглядеть так:

$ whoami

user

Интересно, кто я?

Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
мы зарегистрировались в системе.

Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
в этом мире.

Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой используйте символ "-", один в строке.

Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=

Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале. Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat. Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, содержимое файла будет показано в журнале в специально отведённой для этого секции.

Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал, нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot. После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое должно быть в журнале.

Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке. Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах, в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения.
```
1
    2
3   
    4
```
Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.

О программе

LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

$Id$