/l3/users/kolya/nt-ladm-2006-03-13/linux3.unix.nt/user :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 |
|
#ls -l
итого 45 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 2006-03-15 11:41 bin drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 2006-03-15 13:21 boot lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 2006-03-15 13:18 cdrom -> media/cdrom drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4060 2006-03-16 10:38 dev drwxr-xr-x 100 root root 4096 2006-03-16 10:40 etc drwxrwsr-x 6 root staff 4096 2006-03-15 15:53 home drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2006-03-15 13:18 initrd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 2006-03-15 13:20 initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.8-2-686-smp drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2006-03-15 11:39 lib ... drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2006-03-15 13:18 opt dr-xr-xr-x 114 root root 0 2006-03-16 12:02 proc drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 1024 2006-03-16 10:08 root drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3072 2006-03-15 11:40 sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2006-03-15 13:18 srv drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 0 2006-03-16 12:02 sys drwxrwxrwt 10 root root 1024 2006-03-16 10:38 tmp drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 2006-03-15 11:34 usr drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 4096 2006-03-15 11:45 var lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 2006-03-15 13:20 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8-2-686-smp |
#ls -1
bin boot cdrom dev etc home initrd initrd.img lib lost+found ... opt proc root sbin srv sys tmp usr var vmlinuz |
#mount /mnt/ /dev/sda1
mount: /mnt/ is not a block device |
#mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/
|
#mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/hda8 on /home type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda6 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda9 on /usr type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /var type ext3 (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) /dev on /.dev type unknown (rw,bind) none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,size=5M,mode=0755) /dev/hdc on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro) /dev/sda1 on /mnt type vfat (rw) |
#cd mnt/
|
#ls -a
?????? ???????? . .. fruity Install Mobile |
#LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
|
#ls -a
. .. ?????? ???????? Install Mobile fruity |
#LANG=ua_RU.UTF-8
|
#ls -a
. .. ?????? ???????? Install Mobile fruity |
#xvidtune
Vendor: , Model: Num hsync: 1, Num vsync: 1 hsync range 0: 28.00 - 80.00 vsync range 0: 43.00 - 100.00 Video are not settable on this chip |
#vi /.bash_history
|
#vi /.bashrc
|
#vi /.bash
|
#vi /.bash_history
|
#cd /
|
#vi /.bash_history
|
#vi /.bash_profile
|
#xvidtune
Vendor: , Model: Num hsync: 1, Num vsync: 1 hsync range 0: 28.00 - 80.00 vsync range 0: 43.00 - 100.00 Video are not settable on this chip |
#mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/hda8 on /home type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda6 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda9 on /usr type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /var type ext3 (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) /dev on /.dev type unknown (rw,bind) none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,size=5M,mode=0755) /dev/hdc on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro) /dev/sda1 on /mnt type vfat (rw) |
#umount mnt/
|
#mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/hda8 on /home type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda6 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda9 on /usr type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /var type ext3 (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) /dev on /.dev type unknown (rw,bind) none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,size=5M,mode=0755) /dev/hdc on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro) |
#mount -t vfat -o iocharcat=utf-8
Usage: mount -V : print version mount -h : print this help mount : list mounted filesystems mount -l : idem, including volume labels So far the informational part. Next the mounting. The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'. Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted. mount -a [-t|-O] ... : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab mount device : mount device at the known place mount directory : mount known device here mount -t type dev dir : ordinary mount command Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device. One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere: mount --bind olddir newdir or move a subtree: mount --move olddir newdir A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom, or by label, using -L label or by uuid, using -U uuid . Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd]. For many more details, say man 8 mount . |
#mount -t vfat -o iocharcat=UTF-8
Usage: mount -V : print version mount -h : print this help mount : list mounted filesystems mount -l : idem, including volume labels So far the informational part. Next the mounting. The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'. Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted. mount -a [-t|-O] ... : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab mount device : mount device at the known place mount directory : mount known device here mount -t type dev dir : ordinary mount command Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device. One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere: mount --bind olddir newdir or move a subtree: mount --move olddir newdir A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom, or by label, using -L label or by uuid, using -U uuid . Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd]. For many more details, say man 8 mount . |
#[root@linux3:/]# mount -t vfat -o iocharcat=UTF-8
Usage: mount -V : print version mount -h : print this help mount : list mounted filesystems mount -l : idem, including volume labels So far the informational part. Next the mounting. The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'. Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted. mount -a [-t|-O] ... : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab mount device : mount device at the known place mount directory : mount known device here mount -t type dev dir : ordinary mount command Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device. One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere: mount --bind olddir newdir or move a subtree: mount --move olddir newdir A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom, or by label, using -L label or by uuid, using -U uuid . Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd]. For many more details, say man 8 mount . |
#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=UTF-8
Usage: mount -V : print version mount -h : print this help mount : list mounted filesystems mount -l : idem, including volume labels So far the informational part. Next the mounting. The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'. Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted. mount -a [-t|-O] ... : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab mount device : mount device at the known place mount directory : mount known device here mount -t type dev dir : ordinary mount command Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device. One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere: mount --bind olddir newdir or move a subtree: mount --move olddir newdir A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom, or by label, using -L label or by uuid, using -U uuid . Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd]. For many more details, say man 8 mount . |
#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=UTF-8 /dev/sda1 /mnt/
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, or too many mounted file systems |
#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf-8 /dev/sda1 /mnt/
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, or too many mounted file systems |
#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8 /dev/sda1 /mnt/
|
#ls /mnt/
Install Mobile fruity ???????????????? ???????????? |
#echo $LANG
ua_RU.UTF-8 |
#umount /mnt/
|
#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,codepage=866 /dev/sda1 /mnt/
|
#ls /mnt/
Install Mobile fruity ???????????????? ???????????? |
#umount /mnt/
|
#umount /mnt/
umount: /mnt/: not mounted |
#ывапрывап
|
#mount -t vfat -o /dev/sda1 /mnt/
Usage: mount -V : print version mount -h : print this help mount : list mounted filesystems mount -l : idem, including volume labels So far the informational part. Next the mounting. The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'. Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted. mount -a [-t|-O] ... : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab mount device : mount device at the known place mount directory : mount known device here mount -t type dev dir : ordinary mount command Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device. One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere: mount --bind olddir newdir or move a subtree: mount --move olddir newdir A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom, or by label, using -L label or by uuid, using -U uuid . Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd]. For many more details, say man 8 mount . |
#mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/
|
#ls /mnt/
?????? ???????? Install Mobile fruity |
#umount /mnt/
|
#mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/hda8 on /home type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda6 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda9 on /usr type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /var type ext3 (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) /dev on /.dev type unknown (rw,bind) none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,size=5M,mode=0755) /dev/hdc on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro) |
#mount --help
Usage: mount -V : print version mount -h : print this help mount : list mounted filesystems mount -l : idem, including volume labels So far the informational part. Next the mounting. The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'. Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted. mount -a [-t|-O] ... : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab mount device : mount device at the known place mount directory : mount known device here mount -t type dev dir : ordinary mount command Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device. One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere: mount --bind olddir newdir or move a subtree: mount --move olddir newdir A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom, or by label, using -L label or by uuid, using -U uuid . Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd]. For many more details, say man 8 mount . |
#mount -h
Usage: mount -V : print version mount -h : print this help mount : list mounted filesystems mount -l : idem, including volume labels So far the informational part. Next the mounting. The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'. Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted. mount -a [-t|-O] ... : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab mount device : mount device at the known place mount directory : mount known device here mount -t type dev dir : ordinary mount command Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device. One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere: mount --bind olddir newdir or move a subtree: mount --move olddir newdir A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom, or by label, using -L label or by uuid, using -U uuid . Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd]. For many more details, say man 8 mount . |
#apt-get install icq
Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done E: Couldn't find package icq |
#apt-get install micq
Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done E: Couldn't find package micq |
#apt-get install licq
Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: licq-plugin-qt Recommended packages: sox The following NEW packages will be installed: licq licq-plugin-qt 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/1577kB of archives. ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Selecting previously deselected package licq-plugin-qt. (Reading database ... 98827 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking licq-plugin-qt (from .../licq-plugin-qt_1.2.7-11_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package licq. Unpacking licq (from .../l/licq/licq_1.2.7-11_i386.deb) ... Setting up licq-plugin-qt (1.2.7-11) ... Setting up licq (1.2.7-11) ... |
#[root@linux3:/]# mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/hda8 on /home type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda6 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda9 on /usr type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /var type ext3 (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) /dev on /.dev type unknown (rw,bind) none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,size=5M,mode=0755) |
#clear
|
$apt-get install opera
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13 Permission denied) E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root? |
$su
Password: |
#apt-get install opera
Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done Package opera is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source E: Package opera has no installation candidate |
#apt-get install lopera
Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done E: Couldn't find package lopera |
#apt-get install brouser
Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done E: Couldn't find package brouser |
#apt-get install ibrouse
Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done E: Couldn't find package ibrouse |
#[root@linux3:user]# vi /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/hda1 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/hda8 /home ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/hda6 /tmp ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/hda9 /usr ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/hda7 /var ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/hda5 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/hdc /media/cdrom0 iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0 "/etc/fstab" 12L, 724C |
#vi sudo /etc/fstab
|
#sudo vi /etc/fstab
|
#vi /etc/fstab suda
|
$mkdir flash
mkdir: невозможно создать каталог `flash': Permission denied |
$su
Password: |
#mkdir flash
|
#ls -l
итого 46 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 2006-03-15 11:41 bin drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 2006-03-15 13:21 boot lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 2006-03-15 13:18 cdrom -> media/cdrom drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4020 2006-03-16 10:53 dev drwxr-xr-x 100 root root 4096 2006-03-16 11:29 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2006-03-16 11:37 flash drwxrwsr-x 6 root staff 4096 2006-03-15 15:53 home drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2006-03-15 13:18 initrd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 2006-03-15 13:20 initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.8-2-686-smp ... drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2006-03-15 13:18 opt dr-xr-xr-x 129 root root 0 2006-03-16 12:02 proc drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 1024 2006-03-16 11:27 root drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3072 2006-03-15 11:40 sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2006-03-15 13:18 srv drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 0 2006-03-16 12:02 sys drwxrwxrwt 13 root root 1024 2006-03-16 11:37 tmp drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 2006-03-15 11:34 usr drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 4096 2006-03-15 11:45 var lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 2006-03-15 13:20 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8-2-686-smp |
#dir -1
bin boot cdrom dev etc flash home initrd initrd.img lib ... opt proc root sbin srv sys tmp usr var vmlinuz |
$su
Password: |
#vi /etc/fstab
|
#mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/hda8 on /home type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda6 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda9 on /usr type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /var type ext3 (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) /dev on /.dev type unknown (rw,bind) none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,size=5M,mode=0755) /dev/hdc on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro,noexec,nosuid,nodev,user=user) |
#vi /etc/fstab
|
#cfdisk
|
#cfdisk /dev/hda
|
#cfdisk /dev/hda
|
#reboot
|
$su
#deb file:///cdrom/ sarge main #deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux testing _Sarge_ - Official Snapshot i386 Binary-2 (20050211)]/ unstable contrib main #deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux testing _Sarge_ - Official Snapshot i386 Binary-1 (20050211)]/ unstable contrib main Password: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/apt/sources.list" 9L, 457C 9,34 Весь |
#mkfs -h
mkfs.ext2: invalid option -- h Usage: mkfs.ext2 [-c|-t|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-f fragment-size] [-i bytes-per-inode] [-j] [-J journal-options] [-N number-of-inodes] [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os] [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory] [-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-R raid_opts] [-qvSV] device [blocks-count] |
#mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/hda8 on /home type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda6 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda9 on /usr type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /var type ext3 (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) /dev on /.dev type unknown (rw,bind) none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,size=5M,mode=0755) /dev/hdc on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro,noexec,nosuid,nodev,user=user) |
#mkfs.
mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.minix mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat |
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda10
mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 488640 inodes, 975940 blocks 48797 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 30 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16288 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
$fdisk -l /dev/hdb
bash: fdisk: command not found |
$fdisk -l hda
bash: fdisk: command not found |
$fdisk -l hdb
bash: fdisk: command not found |
$fdisk -l /dev/hda
bash: fdisk: command not found |
$su
Password: |
#fdisk -l /dev/hda
Disk /dev/hda: 40.0 GB, 40016019456 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 1 122 979933+ 83 Linux /dev/hda2 123 3648 28322595 5 Extended /dev/hda5 123 365 1951866 82 Linux swap /dev/hda6 366 487 979933+ 83 Linux /dev/hda7 488 852 2931831 83 Linux /dev/hda8 853 1338 3903763+ 83 Linux /dev/hda9 1339 3162 14651248+ 83 Linux /dev/hda10 * 3163 3648 3903763+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/hda
Disk /dev/hda: 40.0 GB, 40016019456 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 1 122 979933+ 83 Linux /dev/hda2 123 3648 28322595 5 Extended /dev/hda5 123 365 1951866 82 Linux swap /dev/hda6 366 487 979933+ 83 Linux /dev/hda7 488 852 2931831 83 Linux /dev/hda8 853 1338 3903763+ 83 Linux /dev/hda9 1339 3162 14651248+ 83 Linux /dev/hda10 * 3163 3648 3903763+ 83 Linux |
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda10 -h
mkfs.ext3: invalid option -- h Usage: mkfs.ext3 [-c|-t|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-f fragment-size] [-i bytes-per-inode] [-j] [-J journal-options] [-N number-of-inodes] [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os] [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory] [-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-R raid_opts] [-qvSV] device [blocks-count] |
#mkfs.ext3 -b 4096 /dev/hda10
mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 488640 inodes, 975940 blocks 48797 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 30 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16288 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
#mkfs.ext3 -b 1024 /dev/hda10
mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 488448 inodes, 3903760 blocks 195188 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 477 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 1024 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409, 663553, 1024001, 1990657, 2809857 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
#mount /dev/hda10 /mnt/
|
#cd mn
bash: cd: mn: No such file or directory |
#cd /mnt/
|
#[root@linux3:mnt]# dir
lost+found |
#df -h
Файловая система Разм Исп Дост Исп% смонтирована на /dev/hda1 897M 90M 760M 11% / tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm /dev/hda8 3,7G 39M 3,5G 2% /home /dev/hda6 897M 8,1M 880M 1% /tmp /dev/hda9 14G 1,7G 12G 13% /usr /dev/hda7 2,8G 121M 2,5G 5% /var /dev 897M 90M 760M 11% /.dev none 5,0M 728K 4,3M 15% /dev /dev/hdc 4,4G 4,4G 0 100% /media/cdrom0 /dev/hda10 3,7G 8,1M 3,5G 1% /mnt |
#fdisk -l /dev/hda
Disk /dev/hda: 40.0 GB, 40016019456 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 1 122 979933+ 83 Linux /dev/hda2 123 3648 28322595 5 Extended /dev/hda5 123 365 1951866 82 Linux swap /dev/hda6 366 487 979933+ 83 Linux /dev/hda7 488 852 2931831 83 Linux /dev/hda8 853 1338 3903763+ 83 Linux /dev/hda9 1339 3162 14651248+ 83 Linux /dev/hda10 * 3163 3648 3903763+ 83 Linux |
#echo 3648*8225280 | bc
30005821440 |
#mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/hda8 on /home type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda6 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda9 on /usr type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /var type ext3 (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) /dev on /.dev type unknown (rw,bind) none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,size=5M,mode=0755) /dev/hdc on /media/cdrom0 type iso9660 (ro,noexec,nosuid,nodev,user=user) /dev/hda10 on /mnt type ext3 (rw) |
#mv /var/log/
apache2 debian-installer ksymoops mail.log syslog aptitude debug lastlog mail.warn user.log auth.log dmesg lp-acct messages uucp.log base-config.log exim4 lp-errs netatalk.log wtmp base-config.timings fontconfig.log lpr.log news XFree86.0.log btmp gdm mail.err samba XFree86.0.log.old daemon.log kern.log mail.info scrollkeeper.log |
#mv /var/
backups games local log mail run spool www cache lib lock lost+found opt scrollkeeper tmp |
Время первой команды журнала | 10:40:08 2006- 3-16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 12:14:03 2006- 3-16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 26.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 5.94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 1.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008