/l3/users/tigor/nt-scale/linux3.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 |
|
#debugfs /dev/sda1
debugfs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) debugfs: help Available debugfs requests: show_debugfs_params, params Show debugfs parameters open_filesys, open Open a filesystem close_filesys, close Close the filesystem feature, features Set/print superblock features dirty_filesys, dirty Mark the filesystem as dirty init_filesys Initalize a filesystem (DESTROYS DATA) ... show_inode_info, stat Show inode information link, ln Create directory link unlink Delete a directory link mkdir Create a directory rmdir Remove a directory rm Remove a file (unlink and kill_file, if appropriate) kill_file Deallocate an inode and its blocks clri Clear an inode's contents freei Clear an inode's in-use flag debugfs: quit |
#dpkg -L parted
/. /usr /usr/share /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man8 /usr/share/man/man8/parted.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/partprobe.8.gz /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/parted /usr/share/doc/parted/changelog.Debian.gz /usr/share/doc/parted/copyright /usr/share/doc/parted/README.Debian /sbin /sbin/parted /sbin/partprobe |
#man parted
|
#apt-get install ntfs-3g
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libntfs-3g31 The following NEW packages will be installed: libntfs-3g31 ntfs-3g 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 168kB of archives. After this operation, 467kB of additional disk space will be used. ... (Reading database ... 92977 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libntfs-3g31 (from .../libntfs-3g31_1%3a1.2531-1.1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ntfs-3g. Unpacking ntfs-3g (from .../ntfs-3g_1%3a1.2531-1.1_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for hal ... Regenerating hal fdi cache ... Restarting Hardware abstraction layer: hald. Setting up libntfs-3g31 (1:1.2531-1.1) ... Setting up ntfs-3g (1:1.2531-1.1) ... |
#mount.n
mount.nfs mount.nfs4 mount.ntfs-3g |
#apt-get install sshfs
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: fuse-utils libfuse2 The following NEW packages will be installed: fuse-utils libfuse2 sshfs 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 183kB of archives. After this operation, 537kB of additional disk space will be used. ... Selecting previously deselected package sshfs. Unpacking sshfs (from .../archives/sshfs_2.1-1_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up libfuse2 (2.7.4-1.1+lenny1) ... Setting up fuse-utils (2.7.4-1.1+lenny1) ... creating fuse group... Adding group `fuse' (GID 117) ... Done. udev active, skipping device node creation. Setting up sshfs (2.1-1) ... |
#mount.
![]() mount.fuse mount.nfs mount.nfs4 mount.ntfs-3g |
#dpkg -L sshfs
/. /usr /usr/bin /usr/bin/sshfs /usr/share /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man1 /usr/share/man/man1/sshfs.1.gz /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/sshfs /usr/share/doc/sshfs/copyright /usr/share/doc/sshfs/changelog.Debian.gz /usr/share/doc/sshfs/FAQ.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/sshfs/README.Debian /usr/share/doc/sshfs/AUTHORS /usr/share/doc/sshfs/NEWS.gz /usr/share/doc/sshfs/changelog.gz /usr/share/doc/sshfs/README /usr/share/bug /usr/share/bug/sshfs /usr/share/bug/sshfs/presubj |
#sshfs
![]() missing host see `sshfs -h' for usage |
#sshfs 192.168.15.2:/etc /mmnt
![]() The authenticity of host '192.168.15.2 (192.168.15.2)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6d:64:07:69:71:46:85:c9:7e:d8:41:42:3b:4f:58:dd. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes root@192.168.15.2's password: fuse: bad mount point `/mmnt': No such file or directory |
#sshfs 192.168.15.2:/etc /mnt
root@192.168.15.2's password: |
#ls /mnt/
acpi gai.conf magic rc6.d adduser.conf gconf magic.mime rc.local adjtime gdm mailcap rcS.d aliases gimp mailcap.order rearj.cfg alsa gnome mailname reportbug.conf alternatives gnome-app-install mail.rc resolvconf apm gnome-vfs-2.0 manpath.config resolv.conf apt gnome-vfs-mime-magic menu rmt at.deny gre.d menu-methods rpc avahi groff mime.types rsyslog.conf ... emacs libpaper.d profile vim email-addresses lilalo protocols vpnc environment locale.alias python w3m esound locale.gen python2.5 wgetrc exim4 localtime rc0.d wodim.conf fam.conf logcheck rc1.d wpa_supplicant farsight login.defs rc2.d X11 fonts logrotate.conf rc3.d xdg foomatic logrotate.d rc4.d xml fstab lsb-base rc5.d |
#apt-cache search fuse
afuse - automounting file system implemented in user-space using FUSE libasound2-plugins - ALSA library additional plugins aptfs - FUSE filesystem for APT source repositories autossh - Automatically restart SSH sessions and tunnels avfs - virtual filesystem to access archives, disk images, remote locations bindfs - mirrors or overlays a local directory with altered permissions clamfs - An user-space anti-virus protected file system libconfuse-dev - Development files for libConfuse libconfuse0 - Library for parsing configuration files copyfs - Versioning filesystem for FUSE ... psmisc - Utilities that use the proc filesystem pytagsfs - maps media files to an arbitrary directory structure python-fuse - Python bindings for FUSE (Filesystems in USErland) python-quixote - A highly Pythonic Web application framework python-quixote1 - A highly Pythonic Web application framework rofs - Read-Only Filesystem for FUSE ttf-aenigma - 465 free TrueType fonts by Brian Kent ttf-sil-andika - extended smart Unicode Latin/Greek font family for literacy (Basic version) unionfs-fuse - Fuse implementation of unionfs wmbubble - A system-load meter for Window Maker that features a duck |
#apt-cache search fuse | less
|
#ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 60:23:2c:31:56:d5:a2:1d:0b:6e:54:f9:50:7a:f3:8c root@linux3 The key's randomart image is: +--[ DSA 1024]----+ | +..oo+. | | . +o =.. | | .oo+=*o | | .+oo+.= | | . E o | | | | | | | | | +-----------------+ |
#ssh-keygen -t dsa
ssh 192.168.15.2 Linux linux2.unix.nt 2.6.26-2-686 #1 SMP Thu Jan 27 00:28:05 UTC 2011 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon Feb 21 15:47:38 2011 from 192.168.15.253 l3-agent is already running: pid=31129; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#touch .hushlogin
|
#exit
exit Connection to 192.168.15.2 closed. |
#ssh 192.168.15.2
l3-agent is already running: pid=31129; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#exit
exit Connection to 192.168.15.2 closed. |
#ssh-keygen -t dsa
time rsync -a 192.168.15.2:/var/ /tmp/var/ real 0m24.603s user 0m14.625s sys 0m5.660s |
#time rsync -a 192.168.15.2:/var/ /tmp/var/
real 0m0.208s user 0m0.040s sys 0m0.032s |
#time rsync -a 192.168.15.2:/var /tmp/
real 0m0.420s user 0m0.048s sys 0m0.044s |
#man ssh_config
|
#cat ~/.ssh/config
Host * CompressionLevel 9 |
#exit
exit Connection to 192.168.15.2 closed. |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 64601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8d39ec4a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 2583 19527448+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2584 3616 7809480 82 Linux swap / Solaris |
#dd if=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 | ssh 192.168.15.2 'cat > /dev/sdb'
1+0 records in 1+0 records out 512 bytes (512 B) copied, 2.136e-05 s, 24.0 MB/s |
#ssh 192.168.15.2 file -s /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0x83, starthead 1, startsector 63, 39054897 sectors; partition 2: ID=0x82, starthead 239, startsector 39054960, 15618960 sectors |
#cfdisk /dev/sdb
|
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc065ebbe Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 2432 19535008+ 83 Linux |
#file -s /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: raw G3 data |
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 1221600 inodes, 4883752 blocks 244187 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 150 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8144 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
#uname -a
Linux linux3 2.6.26-2-686 #1 SMP Thu Jan 27 00:28:05 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux |
#ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/
kernel modules.dep modules.isapnpmap modules.seriomap modules.alias modules.ieee1394map modules.ofmap modules.symbols modules.ccwmap modules.inputmap modules.pcimap modules.usbmap |
#ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ker
![]() ls: cannot access /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-686/ker: No such file or directory |
#ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel
arch crypto drivers fs lib net sound |
#ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/fs/
9p bfs dlm fat isofs minix ntfs sysv adfs binfmt_aout.ko ecryptfs freevxfs jbd msdos ocfs2 udf affs binfmt_misc.ko efs fuse jbd2 ncpfs qnx4 ufs afs cifs exportfs gfs2 jffs2 nfs quota_v1.ko vfat autofs coda ext2 hfs jfs nfs_common quota_v2.ko xfs autofs4 configfs ext3 hfsplus lockd nfsd reiserfs befs cramfs ext4 hpfs mbcache.ko nls romfs |
#apt-cache search mkfs
dosfstools-dbg - utilities for making and checking MS-DOS FAT filesystems (debug) dosfstools - utilities for making and checking MS-DOS FAT filesystems genromfs - This is the mkfs equivalent for romfs filesystem hfsprogs - mkfs and fsck for HFS and HFS+ file systems jfsutils - utilities for managing the JFS filesystem mtd-utils - Memory Technology Device Utilities nilfs2-tools - Continuous Snapshotting Log-structured Filesystem ocfs2-tools - tools for managing OCFS2 cluster filesystems reiser4progs - administration utilities for the Reiser4 filesystem xfsprogs - Utilities for managing the XFS filesystem |
#apt-cache search mtrfs
|
#apt-cache search btrfs
|
#apt-file search mkfs
cpmtools: /usr/bin/mkfs.cpm cpmtools: /usr/share/man/man1/mkfs.cpm.1.gz dosfstools: /sbin/mkfs.msdos dosfstools: /sbin/mkfs.vfat dosfstools: /usr/share/man/man8/mkfs.msdos.8.gz dosfstools: /usr/share/man/man8/mkfs.vfat.8.gz e2fsprogs: /sbin/mkfs.ext2 e2fsprogs: /sbin/mkfs.ext3 e2fsprogs: /sbin/mkfs.ext4 e2fsprogs: /sbin/mkfs.ext4dev ... rootstrap: /usr/lib/rootstrap/modules/mkfs util-linux: /sbin/mkfs util-linux: /sbin/mkfs.bfs util-linux: /sbin/mkfs.cramfs util-linux: /sbin/mkfs.minix util-linux: /usr/share/man/man8/mkfs.8.gz util-linux: /usr/share/man/man8/mkfs.bfs.8.gz util-linux: /usr/share/man/man8/mkfs.minix.8.gz xfsprogs: /sbin/mkfs.xfs xfsprogs: /usr/share/man/man8/mkfs.xfs.8.gz |
#apt-file search mkfs | sed s/:.*// | sort -u | grep -v manpages
cpmtools dosfstools e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-dbg gfs2-tools gfs-tools hfsprogs jfsutils lustre-utils mtd-utils nilfs2-tools ntfsprogs ocfs2-tools reiser4progs reiserfsprogs rootstrap util-linux xfsprogs |
## btrfs
|
#file -s /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: Linux rev 1.0 ext3 filesystem data, UUID=193a6d43-89a2-44c2-b302-a1d13b482ad5 (large files) |
#apt-cache e2 tools
![]() E: Invalid operation e2 |
#apt-cache search e2 tools
chiark-scripts - chiark system administration scripts e2tools - utilities for manipulating files in an ext2/ext3 filesystem e2undel - Undelete utility for the ext2 file system egoboo-data - Egoboo data files egoboo - 3D dungeon crawling adventure in the spirit of NetHack iproute-dev - networking and traffic control tools - development files iproute-doc - networking and traffic control tools - documentation iproute - networking and traffic control tools libcolor-scheme-perl - Perl module to generate pleasant color schemes mahara-apache2 - Electronic portfolio, weblog, and resume builder - apache2 configuration nictools-nopci - Diagnostic tools for many non-PCI ethernet cards nictools-pci - Diagnostic tools for many PCI ethernet cards python-excelerator - module for reading/writing Excel spreadsheet files re2c - tool for generating fast C-based recognizers shishi - Command line client for the Shishi Kerberos v5 implementation system-config-lvm - A utility for graphically configuring Logical Volumes texlive-pictures - TeX Live: Packages for drawings graphics |
#apt-get install e2tools
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: e2tools 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 31.9kB of archives. After this operation, 135kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://10.0.35.1 lenny/main e2tools 0.0.16-4 [31.9kB] Fetched 31.9kB in 0s (882kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package e2tools. (Reading database ... 93061 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking e2tools (from .../e2tools_0.0.16-4_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up e2tools (0.0.16-4) ... |
#e2mkdir /dev/sdb1:/dir
|
#e2ls /dev/sdb1
dir lost+found |
#e2ls /dev/sdb1
dir lost+found |
#umount /mnt
|
#mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
|
#ls /mnt/
dir lost+found |
#ls -l /dev/sdb1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 2011-02-21 17:01 /dev/sdb1 |
#mknod b 8 17 /tmp/sdb1
![]() mknod: invalid device type `8' Try `mknod --help' for more information. |
#mknod /tmp/sdb1 b 8 17
|
#ls -l /tmp/sdb1
brw-r--r-- 1 root root 8, 17 2011-02-21 17:03 /tmp/sdb1 |
#su - user
l3-agent is already running: pid=32661; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid user@linux3:~$ e2ls /tmp/sdb1 dir lost+found user@linux3:~$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/failik count=100 bs=1024k 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.758098 s, 138 MB/s user@linux3:~$ mkfs.ext3 /tmp/failik -su: mkfs.ext3: command not found user@linux3:~$ /sbin/mkfs.ext3 /tmp/failik ... 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (4096 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. user@linux3:~$ e2ls /tmp/failik lost+found user@linux3:~$ exit logout |
#tar cvf /tmp/etc.tar /etc/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names /etc/ /etc/kde3/ /etc/kde3/kdeglobals /etc/libgda-3.0/ /etc/libgda-3.0/sales_test.db /etc/libgda-3.0/config /etc/cron.weekly/ /etc/cron.weekly/.placeholder /etc/cron.weekly/man-db ... /etc/logrotate.d/aptitude /etc/logrotate.d/unattended-upgrades /etc/logrotate.d/apt /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog /etc/logrotate.d/exim4-paniclog /etc/logrotate.d/wpa_action /etc/rc.local /etc/alsa/ /etc/alsa/modprobe-post-install.d/ /etc/alsa/modprobe-post-install.d/alsa-utils |
#tar cvf /dev/sdb1 /etc/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names /etc/ /etc/kde3/ /etc/kde3/kdeglobals /etc/libgda-3.0/ /etc/libgda-3.0/sales_test.db /etc/libgda-3.0/config /etc/cron.weekly/ /etc/cron.weekly/.placeholder /etc/cron.weekly/man-db ... /etc/logrotate.d/aptitude /etc/logrotate.d/unattended-upgrades /etc/logrotate.d/apt /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog /etc/logrotate.d/exim4-paniclog /etc/logrotate.d/wpa_action /etc/rc.local /etc/alsa/ /etc/alsa/modprobe-post-install.d/ /etc/alsa/modprobe-post-install.d/alsa-utils |
#mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) procbususb on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /mnt type ext3 (rw) |
#umount /mnt
|
#file -s /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: POSIX tar archive (GNU) |
#mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
![]() mount: you must specify the filesystem type |
#tar tvf /dev/sdb1 | less
|
#ls -l /dev/ram
![]() ls: cannot access /dev/ram: No such file or directory |
#ls -l /dev/ram
![]() ram0 ram10 ram12 ram14 ram2 ram4 ram6 ram8 ram1 ram11 ram13 ram15 ram3 ram5 ram7 ram9 |
#ls -l /dev/ram
![]() ram0 ram10 ram12 ram14 ram2 ram4 ram6 ram8 ram1 ram11 ram13 ram15 ram3 ram5 ram7 ram9 |
#ls -l /dev/ram0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-02-21 14:16 /dev/ram0 |
#ls -l /dev/tty0
crw-rw---- 1 user user 4, 0 2011-02-21 14:16 /dev/tty0 |
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 1221600 inodes, 4883752 blocks 244187 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 150 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8144 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
#file -s /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: Linux rev 1.0 ext3 filesystem data, UUID=ec91cee6-8814-4c74-8857-1f85e406b033 (large files) |
#mount UUID=ec91cee6-8814-4c74-8857-1f85e406b033 /mnt
|
#ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2011-02-21 14:16 15533a81-d773-49d0-9ccb-9c0ccff33091 -> ../../sda1 |
#partprobe
|
#ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2011-02-21 14:16 15533a81-d773-49d0-9ccb-9c0ccff33091 -> ../../sda1 |
#ls -l /dev/disk/by-
![]() by-id/ by-path/ by-uuid/ |
#e2label /dev/sda1 METKA1
|
#e2label /dev/sdb1 METKA1
|
#e2label /dev/sda1 NOLABEL
|
#mount LABEL=METKA1 /mnt
|
#ls /mnt/
lost+found |
#umount /mnt//
|
#mount -L METKA1 /mnt
|
#umount /mnt
|
#cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/sda1 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/hda /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 |
#vim /etc/apt/sources.list
--- /tmp/l3-saved-690.31115.333 2011-02-21 17:15:04.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/apt/sources.list 2011-02-21 17:15:11.000000000 +0200 @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # -# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.8 _Lenny_ - Official i386 NETINST Binary-1 20110123-01:19]/ lenny main +# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.8 _Lenny_ - Official i386 NETINST Binary-1 20110123-01:19]/ squeeze main # -#Deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.8 _Lenny_ - Official i386 NETINST Binary-1 20110123-01:19]/ lenny main +#Deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.8 _Lenny_ - Official i386 NETINST Binary-1 20110123-01:19]/ squeeze main -deb http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ lenny main -#deb-src http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ lenny main +deb http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ squeeze main +#deb-src http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ squeeze main # -#deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main -#deb-src http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main +#deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main +#deb-src http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main # -#deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main -#deb-src http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main +#deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile squeeze/volatile main +#deb-src http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile squeeze/volatile main |
#apt-get updae
![]() E: Invalid operation updae |
#apt-get update
Get:1 http://10.0.35.1 squeeze Release.gpg [1671B] Ign http://10.0.35.1 squeeze/main Translation-en_US Get:2 http://10.0.35.1 squeeze Release [69.3kB] Ign http://10.0.35.1 squeeze/main Packages Get:3 http://10.0.35.1 squeeze/main Packages [8631kB] Fetched 8702kB in 7s (1102kB/s) Reading package lists... Done |
#apt-get upgrade
![]() Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: abiword abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview alacarte apt apt-file apt-utils aptitude at at-spi avahi-daemon bash bc bind9-host binutils bluez-audio bluez-utils bogofilter-bdb build-essential capplets-data cdrdao cheese cpio cpp cpp-4.3 cron cups cups-client dasher dasher-data dbus dbus-x11 dc debianutils deskbar-applet dhcp3-client dhcp3-common diff djvulibre-desktop dnsutils dpkg dpkg-dev e2fsprogs ed ekiga empathy eog epiphany-browser epiphany-browser-data epiphany-extensions ... pkg-config powermgmt-base pm-utils psfontmgr psmisc python-4suite-doc python-4suite-xml python-gdbm python-gnupginterface python-software-properties python-xdg rdesktop resolvconf rsync sane-utils software-properties-gtk sshfs ssl-cert strace ttf-dejavu-extra ttf-dejavu unzip update-notifier-common usbutils vbetool wodim xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils x-ttcidfont-conf x11-xserver-utils xauth xinit xbase-clients xfonts-base xserver-xorg-input-all zip e2tools gs-common gs-esp libbrlapi0.5 librarian0 libxcb-render-util0 oss-compat python-gdata ssh vpnc xkb-data Install these packages without verification [y/N]? Y Get:1 http://10.0.35.1 squeeze/main openssl 0.9.8o-4 [1052kB] 0% [1 openssl 0/1052kB 0%]^C |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.13 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.138/1.138/1.138/0.000 ms |
#ping ya.ru
PING ya.ru (213.180.204.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from www.yandex.ru (213.180.204.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=52.3 ms ^C --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 52.361/52.361/52.361/0.000 ms |
#apt-get upgrade
![]() Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: abiword abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview alacarte apt apt-file apt-utils aptitude at at-spi avahi-daemon bash bc bind9-host binutils bluez-audio bluez-utils bogofilter-bdb build-essential capplets-data cdrdao cheese cpio cpp cpp-4.3 cron cups cups-client dasher dasher-data dbus dbus-x11 dc debianutils deskbar-applet dhcp3-client dhcp3-common diff djvulibre-desktop dnsutils dpkg dpkg-dev e2fsprogs ed ekiga empathy eog epiphany-browser epiphany-browser-data epiphany-extensions ... Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/g/ghostscript/gs-esp_8.71~dfsg2-9_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/b/brltty/libbrlapi0.5_4.2-7_i386.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/r/rarian/librarian0_0.8.1-5_i386.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/x/xcb-util/libxcb-render-util0_0.3.6-1_i386.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/o/oss-compat/oss-compat_0.0.4+nmu3_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/p/python-gdata/python-gdata_2.0.8-1.1_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/o/openssh/ssh_5.5p1-6_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/v/vpnc/vpnc_0.5.3r449-2.1_i386.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/x/xkeyboard-config/xkb-data_1.8-2_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? |
#apt-get upgrade
![]() Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: abiword abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview alacarte apt apt-file apt-utils aptitude at at-spi avahi-daemon bash bc bind9-host binutils bluez-audio bluez-utils bogofilter-bdb build-essential capplets-data cdrdao cheese cpio cpp cpp-4.3 cron cups cups-client dasher dasher-data dbus dbus-x11 dc debianutils deskbar-applet dhcp3-client dhcp3-common diff djvulibre-desktop dnsutils dpkg dpkg-dev e2fsprogs ed ekiga empathy eog epiphany-browser epiphany-browser-data epiphany-extensions ... Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/g/ghostscript/gs-esp_8.71~dfsg2-9_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/b/brltty/libbrlapi0.5_4.2-7_i386.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/r/rarian/librarian0_0.8.1-5_i386.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/x/xcb-util/libxcb-render-util0_0.3.6-1_i386.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/o/oss-compat/oss-compat_0.0.4+nmu3_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/p/python-gdata/python-gdata_2.0.8-1.1_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/o/openssh/ssh_5.5p1-6_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/v/vpnc/vpnc_0.5.3r449-2.1_i386.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) Failed to fetch http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/pool/main/x/xkeyboard-config/xkb-data_1.8-2_all.deb Could not connect to 10.0.35.1:9999 (10.0.35.1). - connect (111 Connection refused) E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? |
#apt-get upgrade
![]() Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: abiword abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview alacarte apt apt-file apt-utils aptitude at at-spi avahi-daemon bash bc bind9-host binutils bluez-audio bluez-utils bogofilter-bdb build-essential capplets-data cdrdao cheese cpio cpp cpp-4.3 cron cups cups-client dasher dasher-data dbus dbus-x11 dc debianutils deskbar-applet dhcp3-client dhcp3-common diff djvulibre-desktop dnsutils dpkg dpkg-dev e2fsprogs ed ekiga empathy eog epiphany-browser epiphany-browser-data epiphany-extensions ... pkg-config powermgmt-base pm-utils psfontmgr psmisc python-4suite-doc python-4suite-xml python-gdbm python-gnupginterface python-software-properties python-xdg rdesktop resolvconf rsync sane-utils software-properties-gtk sshfs ssl-cert strace ttf-dejavu-extra ttf-dejavu unzip update-notifier-common usbutils vbetool wodim xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils x-ttcidfont-conf x11-xserver-utils xauth xinit xbase-clients xfonts-base xserver-xorg-input-all zip e2tools gs-common gs-esp libbrlapi0.5 librarian0 libxcb-render-util0 oss-compat python-gdata ssh vpnc xkb-data Install these packages without verification [y/N]? Y Get:1 http://10.0.35.1 squeeze/main openssl 0.9.8o-4 [1052kB] 0% [1 openssl 0/1052kB 0%]^C |
#vim /etc/apt/sources.list
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3560.3969.802 2011-02-22 10:42:20.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/apt/sources.list 2011-02-22 10:42:33.000000000 +0200 @@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ # #Deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.8 _Lenny_ - Official i386 NETINST Binary-1 20110123-01:19]/ squeeze main -deb http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ squeeze main +deb http://debian.org.ua/debian/ squeeze main +#deb http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ squeeze main #deb-src http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ squeeze main # #deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main |
#apt-get update
Get:1 http://debian.org.ua squeeze Release.gpg [1671B] Ign http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main Translation-en_US Get:2 http://debian.org.ua squeeze Release [69.3kB] Get:3 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main Packages [6565kB] Fetched 6635kB in 18s (351kB/s) Reading package lists... Done |
#vim /etc/apt/sources.list
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3560.20916.1887 2011-02-22 10:43:29.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/apt/sources.list 2011-02-22 10:44:10.000000000 +0200 @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # #Deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.8 _Lenny_ - Official i386 NETINST Binary-1 20110123-01:19]/ squeeze main -deb http://debian.org.ua/debian/ squeeze main +deb http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ squeeze main #deb http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ squeeze main #deb-src http://10.0.35.1:9999/debian/ squeeze main # |
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/sda1 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/hda /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
Host * CompressionLevel 9
Время первой команды журнала | 15:31:04 2011- 2-21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 09:42:56 2011- 2-22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 11.88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 2.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008