Hostname
Материал из Xgu.ru
Checking your Linux host name
First, see if your host name is set correclty using the following commands:
uname -n
hostname -a
hostname -s
hostname -d
hostname -f
hostname
If the above commands return correctly with no errors then all may be well; however, you may want to read on to verify that all settings are correct.
Configuring /etc/hosts
If your IP address is assigned to you by a DHCP server, then /etc/hosts is configured as follows:
127.0.0.1 mybox.mydomain.com localhost.localdomain localhost mybox
If you have a static IP address, then /etc/hosts is configured as follows:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.0.10 mybox.mydomain.com mybox
Setting the Host Name using "hostname"
After updating the /etc/hosts file correctly, the "hostname" command should be run as follows to set your hostname:
hostname mybox.mydomain.com
Checking /etc/HOSTNAME (if present)
You may or may not have the file /etc/HOSTNAME:
mybox.mydomain.com
Checking /etc/sysconfig/network
If you have a static IP address, then /etc/sysconfig/network is configured as follows:
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME="mybox.mydomain.com"
...
If your IP address is assigned to you by a DHCP server, and you wish to update the local DNS server through Dynamic DNS, then /etc/sysconfig/network is configured as follows:
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME="mybox.mydomain.com"
DHCP_HOSTNAME="mybox.mydomain.com"
...
It makes more sense to move this "DHCP_HOSTNAME" variable into /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 (or appropriate NIC cfg file). So the above section has been moved, see below. If you have only 1 NIC, then the above struck section works fine, but with more than 1 NIC it makes no sense. Maybe this is true for the "'HOSTNAME" line too, maybe that line should be moved into /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 as well. I will investigate further. By default RHL places HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain in /etc/sysconfig/network.
Checking /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
This is checked with the following command:
cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
If you need to set this file, you can either reboot or set it now with the following command:
echo mybox.mydomain.com > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
Dynamic DNS - Updating the local DNS server with your host name and DHCP IP
For Red Hat Linux if you receive your IP address from a DHCP server, you may update the local DNS server by adding the following line to the correct ifcfg file in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts, such as ifcfg-eth0 or ifcfg-eth1:
DHCP_HOSTNAME="mybox.mydomain.com"
or if running Debian, edit /etc/network/interfaces as follows (adding the hostname line):
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hostname mybox.mydomain.com
Updated information about ddns:
Kill the dhclient process ("killall dhclient") - make sure it is gone
Then restart networking - "service network restart"
Updated information for ddns on Gentoo:
killall dhclient
Edit /etc/conf.d/net
uncomment and modify the line as follows:
dhcpcd_eth0="-h yourhostname"
reboot or restart your network subsystem
Thanks to Jack for the Gentoo information!
For more info in Debian, see "man interfaces" and scroll down to"The dhcp Method".
WINS - Updating the local WINS server with your host name and IP
If you wish to update the local WINS server, then use SAMBA, and configure it to point to the local WINS server. samba.html i.e. update the /etc/samba/smb.conf "wins server = " entry with the WINS server addresses for your network - be sure not to enable "wins support = yes" as that will make Linux a WINS server.
Changing the hostname while in X-Windows
Changing the hostname while in X-Windows can be problematic. Most often, new windows cannot be opened. Either
1. change the hostname while the X-Windows is not running or
2. in X-Windows change the hostname, then restart X-Windows.
[править] Установка имени хоста при помощи DHCP
- http://www.unix.org.ua/orelly/networking/tcpip/ch09_05.htm
- http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=275733
- https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dhcp3/+bug/90388
Скрипт, который находит в DNS имя для IP-адреса
и делает из него hostname:
Скрипт sethostname
#!/bin/sh
HOSTNAME=$(host $(ifconfig eth0| grep inet \
| awk '{print$2}' |grep :.| awk -F: '{print $2}' \
)| grep ^Name | sed 's/.*: //')
echo $HOSTNAME > /etc/hostname
hostname $HOSTNAME
