/l3/trainings/nt-bsdnet/2006-04-03/fbsd3.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 |
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#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.15.254 UGS 0 99 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.3 192.168.15.3 UGS 0 0 em0 192.168.15 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.15.3 link#1 UHLW 2 0 em0 192.168.15.21 00:01:02:b4:61:10 UHLW 1 17 em0 932 192.168.15.254 00:0a:01:d4:d1:39 UHLW 2 11 em0 1160 |
#route delete 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.15.3
delete net 192.168.3.0: gateway 192.168.15.3 |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.15.254 UGS 0 99 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.15 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.15.3 link#1 UHLW 1 0 em0 192.168.15.21 00:01:02:b4:61:10 UHLW 1 17 em0 915 192.168.15.254 00:0a:01:d4:d1:39 UHLW 2 11 em0 1143 |
#!net
netstat -rn -f inet Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.15.254 UGS 0 366 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.15 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.15.21 00:01:02:b4:61:10 UHLW 1 17 em0 619 192.168.15.254 00:0a:01:d4:d1:39 UHLW 2 11 em0 1171 |
#!ar
arp -an ? (192.168.15.21) at 00:01:02:b4:61:10 on em0 [ethernet] ? (192.168.15.254) at 00:0a:01:d4:d1:39 on em0 [ethernet] |
#ping 192.168.1.198
![]() PING 192.168.1.198 (192.168.1.198): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.1.198 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#!ar
arp -an ? (192.168.15.21) at 00:01:02:b4:61:10 on em0 [ethernet] ? (192.168.15.254) at 00:0a:01:d4:d1:39 on em0 [ethernet] |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.15.23 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet 192.168.24.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.24.255 inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig xl0 up
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#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.15.23 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet 192.168.24.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.24.255 inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig xl0
![]() |
#ifconfig xl0 down
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#mc
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#vi /etc/rc.conf
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#vi /etc/rc.conf
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#vim /etc/rc.conf
12c12,13 < ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.15.23 netmask 255.255.255.0" --- > ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 255.255.255.192" > ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 255.255.255.192" 20a22,28 > > #defaultrouter=192.168.16.254 > #static_routes="16_0 16_64 16_128 16_192" > #route_16_0="-net 192.168.16.0 192.168.16.1" > #route_16_64="-net 192.168.16. 192.168.16. > #route_16_128="-net 192.168.16. > #route_16_192="-net 192.168.16. |
#shutdown now
Shutdown NOW! shutdown: [pid 1827] |
#ifconfig
exit em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ping 192.168.16.130
PING 192.168.16.130 (192.168.16.130): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.190 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.160 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.166 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.147 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.166 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.172 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.130 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 6 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.147/0.167/0.190/0.013 ms |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16.64/26 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.16.128/26 link#2 UC 0 0 xl0 192.168.16.130 00:04:75:82:53:43 UHLW 1 15 xl0 1165 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UH lo0 fe80::%em0/64 link#1 UC em0 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 UHL lo0 fe80::%xl0/64 link#2 UC xl0 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#3 UHL lo0 ff01::/32 ::1 U lo0 ff02::%em0/32 link#1 UC em0 ff02::%xl0/32 link#2 UC xl0 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 UC lo0 |
#ping 192.168.16.65
![]() PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.16.66
PING 192.168.16.66 (192.168.16.66): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.66: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.065 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.66: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.66: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.66: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.66 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.039/0.047/0.065/0.011 ms |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ping 192.168.16.193
![]() PING 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ^C --- 192.168.16.193 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.16.160
![]() PING 192.168.16.160 (192.168.16.160): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.16.160 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.16.130
PING 192.168.16.130 (192.168.16.130): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.180 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.130 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.161/0.171/0.180/0.008 ms |
#route add 192.168.16
![]() .route: writing to routing socket: Invalid argument add host 192.168.16: Invalid argument |
#!if
ifconfig em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
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#netstat -rn
exit Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16.64/26 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.16.65 00:0a:5e:05:36:92 UHLW 1 9 em0 949 192.168.16.128/26 link#2 UC 0 0 xl0 192.168.16.130 00:04:75:82:53:43 UHLW 1 5 xl0 838 Internet6: ... fe80::%em0/64 link#1 UC em0 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 UHL lo0 fe80::%xl0/64 link#2 UC xl0 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#3 UHL lo0 ff01::/32 ::1 U lo0 ff02::%em0/32 link#1 UC em0 ff02::%xl0/32 link#2 UC xl0 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 UC lo0 |
#ping 192.168.16.65
![]() PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.16.2
![]() PING 192.168.16.2 (192.168.16.2): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ^C --- 192.168.16.2 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.16.65
![]() PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ping: sendto: Host is down ^C --- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#!if
ifconfig em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig em0 192.168.16.66/26
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#ifconfig em0 192.168.16.129/26
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#ifconfig xl0 192.168.16.129/26
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#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig em0 192.168.16.66/26
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#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ping 192.168.16.130
PING 192.168.16.130 (192.168.16.130): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.160 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.130 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.160/0.166/0.173/0.007 ms |
#ping 192.168.16.65
![]() PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect status: no carrier xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig\
![]() > q bash: ifconfigq: command not found |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect status: no carrier xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 192.168.16.66 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.127 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet6 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 192.168.16.191 ether 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#ping 192.168.1.65
![]() PING 192.168.1.65 (192.168.1.65): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ^C --- 192.168.1.65 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.16.65
PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.221 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.183 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.183/0.202/0.221/0.019 ms |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
7c7 < defaultrouter="192.168.15.254" --- > defaultrouter="192.168.16.65" |
#/etc/rc.d/r
![]() ramdisk rarpd root routing rwho ramdisk-own rcconf.sh route6d rpcbind random resolv routed rtadvd |
#/etc/rc.d/routing restart
add net default: gateway 192.168.16.65 Additional routing options:. |
#man route
|
#man route
|
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.65 UGS 0 0 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16.64/26 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.16.65 00:0a:5e:05:36:92 UHLW 2 9 em0 1009 192.168.16.128/26 link#2 UC 0 0 xl0 192.168.16.130 00:04:75:82:53:43 UHLW 1 5 xl0 542 Internet6: ... fe80::%em0/64 link#1 UC em0 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 UHL lo0 fe80::%xl0/64 link#2 UC xl0 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#3 UHL lo0 ff01::/32 ::1 U lo0 ff02::%em0/32 link#1 UC em0 ff02::%xl0/32 link#2 UC xl0 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 UC lo0 |
#ping 192.168.16.2
PING 192.168.16.2 (192.168.16.2): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.297 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.194 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.203 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.218 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.225 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.2 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 16% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.194/0.227/0.297/0.036 ms |
#ping 192.168.16.1
![]() PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#route add 192.168.16.192 192.168.16.130
add host 192.168.16.192: gateway 192.168.16.130 |
#ping 192.168.16.193
![]() PING 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.16.193 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
21a22,23 > gateway_enable="YES" > |
#shutdown now
Shutdown NOW! shutdown: [pid 2676] |
#ping 192.168.16.130
PING 192.168.16.130 (192.168.16.130): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.130: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.130 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 33% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.163/0.209/0.255/0.046 ms |
#ping 192.168.16.193
![]() PING 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.16.193 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.16.65
PING 192.168.16.65 (192.168.16.65): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.215 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.227 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.65: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.240 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.65 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.215/0.227/0.240/0.010 ms |
#ping 192.168.16.2
PING 192.168.16.2 (192.168.16.2): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.199 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.2 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.199/0.234/0.269/0.035 ms |
#route add 192.168.16.192/26 192.168.16.130
add net 192.168.16.192: gateway 192.168.16.130 |
#ping 192.168.1.193
![]() PING 192.168.1.193 (192.168.1.193): 56 data bytes 92 bytes from linux.nt (192.168.15.254): Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 0055 0 0000 3d 01 ea00 192.168.16.66 192.168.1.193 92 bytes from linux.nt (192.168.15.254): Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 0056 0 0000 3d 01 e9ff 192.168.16.66 192.168.1.193 92 bytes from linux.nt (192.168.15.254): Destination Host Unreachable Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 5400 0057 0 0000 3d 01 e9fe 192.168.16.66 192.168.1.193 ^C --- 192.168.1.193 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#ping 192.168.16.193
PING 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.201 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.187 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.150 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.155 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.171 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.157 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.193 ping statistics --- 8 packets transmitted, 8 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.150/0.170/0.201/0.016 ms |
#traceroute 192.168.16.193
traceroute to 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 linux16-193.linux.nt (192.168.16.193) 0.236 ms 0.193 ms 0.177 ms |
#traceroute 192.168.16.1
traceroute to 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 linux16-65.linux.nt (192.168.16.65) 0.285 ms 0.227 ms 0.211 ms 2 linux16-1.linux.nt (192.168.16.1) 0.314 ms 0.294 ms 0.221 ms |
#traceroute 192.168.16.193
traceroute to 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 linux16-193.linux.nt (192.168.16.193) 0.232 ms 0.195 ms 0.172 ms |
#traceroute 192.168.16.193
traceroute to 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 linux16-193.linux.nt (192.168.16.193) 0.225 ms 0.195 ms 0.184 ms |
#traceroute 192.168.16.194
![]() traceroute to 192.168.16.194 (192.168.16.194), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets ^C |
#traceroute 192.168.16.194
![]() traceroute to 192.168.16.194 (192.168.16.194), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets ^C |
#netstat -rn
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.65 UGS 0 720 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.16.64/26 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.16.65 00:0a:5e:05:36:92 UHLW 2 12 em0 977 192.168.16.128/26 link#2 UC 0 0 xl0 192.168.16.130 00:04:75:82:53:43 UHLW 2 4 xl0 912 192.168.16.192/26 192.168.16.130 UGS 0 25 xl0 ... fe80::%em0/64 link#1 UC em0 fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2c15%em0 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 UHL lo0 fe80::%xl0/64 link#2 UC xl0 fe80::204:76ff:fea1:f21e%xl0 00:04:76:a1:f2:1e UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#3 UHL lo0 ff01::/32 ::1 U lo0 ff02::%em0/32 link#1 UC em0 ff02::%xl0/32 link#2 UC xl0 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 UC lo0 |
#ping 80.91.162.154
PING 80.91.162.154 (80.91.162.154): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 80.91.162.154: icmp_seq=0 ttl=49 time=853.000 ms 64 bytes from 80.91.162.154: icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=1804.415 ms 64 bytes from 80.91.162.154: icmp_seq=2 ttl=49 time=963.968 ms ^C --- 80.91.162.154 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 40% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 853.000/1207.128/1804.415/424.769 ms |
#ssh -l dimag 80.91.162.154
![]() <~v></v> /.. -÷÷åòè- /.snap 512ÄÅË 26 21:14 /.ssh 512ÉÀÎ 13 2004/boot 512ÍÁÒ 22 21:30 /Free Midnight Commander 2 2003 /parus 3 13:32 /traf 16 09:42 .cshrc 768ÁÐÒ 2 2004/mnt 512ÓÅÎ 1 2003 .login_conf 159ÁÐÒ 2 2004/rescue 512ÓÅÎ 1 2003 .mailboxlist 36ÑÎ× 12 21:46/sbin 2560ÆÅ× 16 09:43 dimag@ns:/-> [^] dimag@ns:~-> df -H Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/da0s1a 213M 54M 142M 28% / devfs 1.0k 1.0k 0B 100% /dev /dev/da0s1d 8.3G 4.4G 3.2G 58% /usr /dev/da0s1e 3.1G 967M 1.9G 34% /var /dev/da0s1f 3.1G 2.0G 877M 69% /home /dev/da0s1g 2.5G 16M 2.3G 1% /shara dimag@ns:~-> sudo trafshow -i rl0 |
#df -H
gmake[2]: Entering directory `/usr/ports/net-im/centericq/work/centericq-4.21.0/libicq2000-0.1' gmake all-recursive gmake[3]: Entering directory `/usr/ports/net-im/centericq/work/centericq-4.21.0/libicq2000-0.1' Making all in libicq2000 gmake[4]: Entering directory `/usr/ports/net-im/centericq/work/centericq-4.21.0/libicq2000-0.1/libicq2000' gmake[5]: Entering directory `/usr/ports/net-im/centericq/work/centericq-4.21.0/libicq2000-0.1/libicq2000' gmake[5]: ãÅÌØ `all-am' ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄ. gmake[5]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/net-im/centericq/work/centericq-4.21.0/libicq2000-0.1/libicq2000' gmake[4]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/net-im/centericq/work/centericq-4.21.0/libicq2000-0.1/libicq2000' Making all in src ... Making all in hooks gmake[3]: Entering directory `/usr/ports/net-im/centericq/work/centericq-4.21.0/src/hooks' c++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I../.. -I../../src -I../../src/hooks -I../../connwrap-0.1 -I../../firetalk-0.1 -I../../firetalk-0.1/../connwrap -I../../firetalk-0.1/../connwrap-0.1 -I../../kkconsui-0.1 -I../../kkconsui-0.1/include -I../../kkconsui-0.1/../kkstrtext -I../../kkconsui-0.1/../kkstrtext-0.1 -I../../kkstrtext-0.1 -I../../kksystr-0.1 -I../../kksystr-0.1/include -I../../kksystr-0.1/../kkstrte Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/ad2s1a 520M 58M 420M 12% / devfs 1.0k 1.0k 0B 100% /dev /dev/ad2s1f 10G 117k 9.6G 0% /home /dev/ad2s1e 520M 469k 478M 0% /tmp /dev/ad2s1g 23G 2.7G 19G 13% /usr /dev/ad2s1d 2.0G 23M 1.9G 1% /var |
#top
last pid: 23396; load averages: 1.07, 0.99, 0.65 up 0+02:16:26 04:17:06 34 2 32 34 processes90.2 running 0.0 sleepin 9.4 0.4 0.0 24 58 55 43 CPU states: % user, % nice, % system, % interrupt, % idle Mem: 25M Active, 345M Inact, 142M Wired, 12K Cache, 110M Buf, 469M Free 549 96 1260K 820K select 1 0.00% script 23145 1989M Total, 1 8M Free 8640K 8532K wait 1 0.00% make 15719 113 10188K 9592K RUN 0 0.00% cc1 23395 8 3204K 2120K wait 0 bash ... 1406 root 1 5 0 3208K 2132K ttyin 0:00 0.00% bash 21839 root 1 8 0 816K 704K wait 0:00 0.00% make 19880 root 1 8 0 1640K 1168K wait 0:00 0.00% sh 792 root 1 96 0 1260K 820K select 0:00 0.00% script 446 root 1 8 0 1312K 1032K nanslp 0:00 0.00% cron 771 root 1 5 0 3200K 2124K ttyin 0:00 0.00% bash 541 root 1 8 0 1592K 1300K wait 0:00 0.00% login 828 root 1 8 0 3200K 2124K wait 0:00 0.00% bash 543 root 1 8 0 1592K 1304K wait 0:00 0.00% login 542 root 1 8 0 1592K 1304K wait 0:00 0.00% login |
#ssh -l dimag 80.91.162.154
last pid: 49683; load averages: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 up 11+16:51:26 15:22:40 73 1 72 69 processes 3.8 running 0.0 sleepin 1.5 0.0 94.7 9 33 9 6 992K Free CPU states: % user, % nice, % system, % interrupt, % idle Mem: 128M Active, 229M Inact, 108M Wired, 27M Cache, 60M Buf, 5220K Free 482 oops 25 20 33604K 23264K kserel 58:04 0.00% oops Sw271 root Total, 2 1 96ed, 51 1508K 988K select 3:58 natd 538 mailnull 3 20 21256K 20088K kserel 3:31 clamd 395 bind 1 96 6128K 4924K select 1:39 name ... 459 oops 24 96 0 33484K 1408K selecl 58:14 0.00% nmbd 93 nobody 1316K 772 07 whosond 677 www 1 4 0 16016K 11716K accept 3:56 0.00% httpd 583 root 8 1356K 916K nanslp 4 cron 538 mailnull 3 96 0 23156K 1716K select 3:31 0.00% exim-4.54-0 12488 mailnull 4 15128K 10808K accep httpd 7253 www 1 96 0 4212K 9844K select 1:33 0.00% named 676 3248K 886 dimag@ns:~-> exit Connection to 80.91.162.154 closed. |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.65 UGS 0 1685 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 6 lo0 192.168.16.64/26 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.16.65 00:0a:5e:05:36:92 UHLW 2 14 em0 261 192.168.16.128/26 link#2 UC 0 0 xl0 192.168.16.130 00:04:75:82:53:43 UHLW 2 109 xl0 833 192.168.16.192/26 192.168.16.130 UGS 0 25 xl0 |
#route delete 192.168.16.192/26
delete net 192.168.16.192 |
#route add 192.168.16/24 192.168.16.130
add net 192.168.16: gateway 192.168.16.130 |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.65 UGS 0 1685 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 6 lo0 192.168.16 192.168.16.130 UGS 0 0 xl0 192.168.16.64/26 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.16.65 00:0a:5e:05:36:92 UHLW 2 14 em0 42 192.168.16.128/26 link#2 UC 0 0 xl0 192.168.16.130 00:04:75:82:53:43 UHLW 2 109 xl0 614 |
#ping 192.168.16.193
PING 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.171 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.182 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.16.193: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.157 ms ^C --- 192.168.16.193 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.157/0.175/0.192/0.012 ms |
#ping 192.168.16.1
![]() PING 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1): 56 data bytes ^C --- 192.168.16.1 ping statistics --- 14 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.65 UGS 0 1685 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 6 lo0 192.168.16 192.168.16.130 UGS 0 19 xl0 192.168.16.64/26 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.16.65 00:0a:5e:05:36:92 UHLW 2 14 em0 192.168.16.128/26 link#2 UC 0 0 xl0 192.168.16.130 00:04:75:82:53:43 UHLW 2 109 xl0 567 |
#traceroute 192.168.16.1
![]() traceroute to 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 * *^C |
#traceroute 192.168.16.130
traceroute to 192.168.16.130 (192.168.16.130), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 linux16-130.linux.nt (192.168.16.130) 0.222 ms 0.204 ms 0.168 ms |
#traceroute 192.168.16.193
traceroute to 192.168.16.193 (192.168.16.193), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 linux16-193.linux.nt (192.168.16.193) 0.235 ms 0.201 ms 0.177 ms |
#traceroute 192.168.16.1
![]() traceroute to 192.168.16.1 (192.168.16.1), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 * *^C |
Время первой команды журнала | 00:50:38 2006- 4- 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 03:16:18 2006- 4- 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 16.83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.65 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 1.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008