/l3/trainings/nt-lnet/2006-02-18/fbsd2/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24
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Журнал лабораторных работ

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Журнал

Суббота (02/25/06)

/dev/ttyp4
17:04:07
#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show
00030        2        120 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030        2        128 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030        0          0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035  2350809 1976312998 allow tcp from any to any established
00040        0          0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050       40       4190 allow udp from me to any dst-port 53 keep-state
01000       46       3413 unreach port udp from any to any
01200       12       1008 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300        0          0 deny icmp from any to any
64000       15       1016 count log ip from any to any
65000 11934055 9850110469 allow ip from any to any
65535       16       8360 deny ip from any to any
17:04:09
#ipfw zeroo 
ipfw: bad command `zeroo'
17:04:38
#ipfw zero
Accounting cleared.
17:04:42
#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show
00030     0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 10344 8320204 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0       0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0       0 allow udp from me to any dst-port 53 keep-state
01000     0       0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0       0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300     0       0 deny icmp from any to any
64000     0       0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0       0 allow ip from any to any
65535     0       0 deny ip from any to any
17:04:48
#ipfw show
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 14024 11236380 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any dst-port 53 keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300     0        0 deny icmp from any to any
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 allow ip from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any
17:04:51
#ipfw show
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 20200 16118344 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any dst-port 53 keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300     0        0 deny icmp from any to any
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 allow ip from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any
/dev/ttyv0
17:04:53
#ipfw zero
Accounting cleared.
/dev/ttyp4
17:04:54
#ipfw show
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 45186 37393524 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any dst-port 53 keep-state
01000     3      234 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300     0        0 deny icmp from any to any
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 allow ip from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any
/dev/ttyv0
17:05:08
#ipfw show
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 707171 577715392 allow tcp from any to any established
00040      0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050      0         0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000      6       468 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300      0         0 deny icmp from any to any
64000      0         0 count log ip from any to any
65000      0         0 allow ip from any to any
65535      0         0 deny ip from any to any
/dev/ttyp4
17:05:37
#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 178216 144675188 allow tcp from any to any established
00040      0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050      0         0 allow udp from me to any dst-port 53 keep-state
01000      3       234 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300      0         0 deny icmp from any to any
64000      0         0 count log ip from any to any
65000      0         0 allow ip from any to any
65535      0         0 deny ip from any to any
17:07:02
#ipfw show
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 185535 150545984 allow tcp from any to any established
00040      0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050      0         0 allow udp from me to any dst-port 53 keep-state
01000      3       234 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300      0         0 deny icmp from any to any
64000      0         0 count log ip from any to any
65000      0         0 allow ip from any to any
65535      0         0 deny ip from any to any
17:07:06
#ipfw delete 50










17:09:41




#ipfw add 50 allow udp from me to any keep-state


00050 allow udp from me to any keep-state











17:10:58




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw  show


00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 553909 450561012 allow tcp from any to any established
00040      0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050      0         0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000      6       468 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
01300      0         0 deny icmp from any to any
64000      0         0 count log ip from any to any
65000      0         0 allow ip from any to any
65535      0         0 deny ip from any to any











17:11:03




#ping 192.168.15..4





ping: cannot resolve 192.168.15..254: Unknown host











/dev/ttyv0
17:12:43




#ipfw show


00030       0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030       0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030       0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 1020307 830460940 allow tcp from any to any established
00040       0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050       4       351 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000       9       702 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      18      1512 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000      61      2484 count log ip from any to any
65535      61      2484 deny ip from any to any











/dev/ttyp4
17:13:39




#ping 192.168.15.254


PING 192.168.15.254 (192.168.15.254): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.781 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.328 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.296 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.716 ms
^C
--- 192.168.15.254 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.296/0.530/0.781/0.220 ms











17:13:47




#ipfw delete 1300












17:14:07




#ipfw delete 65000












17:14:27




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ping 192.168.15.254


PING 192.168.15.254 (192.168.15.254): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.337 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.042 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.329 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.15.254: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.529 ms
^C
--- 192.168.15.254 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.295/0.506/1.042/0.280 ms











17:14:39




#ping show





ping: cannot resolve show: No address associated with name











17:14:47




#ipfw


00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 913856 742975220 allow tcp from any to any established
00040      0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050      4       351 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000      6       468 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     18      1512 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000      0         0 count log ip from any to any
65535      0         0 deny ip from any to any











17:14:55




#ipfw add 65000 reset tcp from any   to any


65000 reset tcp from any to any











/dev/ttyv0
17:16:04




#ipfw add 10 ip from me to any





ipfw: invalid action ip











/dev/ttyp4
17:17:43




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipf show





usage: ipf [-6AdDEInoPrRsvVyzZ] [-l block|pass|nomatch|state|nat] [-cc] [-F i|o|a|s|S|u] [-f filename] [-T <tuneopts>]











17:17:49




#ipfwshow


00030       0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030       0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030       0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 1193058 969442416 allow tcp from any to any established
00040       0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050       4       351 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000       9       702 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      18      1512 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000      61      2484 count log ip from any to any
65000       0         0 reset tcp from any to any
65535      61      2484 deny ip from any to any











17:17:54




#ipfw zero


Accounting cleared.











/dev/ttypa
17:19:31




#ipfw list


00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 allow tcp from any to any established
00040 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000 unreach port udp from any to any
01200 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000 count log ip from any to any
65000 reset tcp from any to any
65535 deny ip from any to any











17:19:40




#ipfw show


00030       2        100 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030       1         40 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030       1         40 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 1535570 1259821498 allow tcp from any to any established
00040       0          0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050      40       3623 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000      12        936 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      18       1512 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000    1718      68764 count log ip from any to any
65000    1657      66280 reset tcp from any to any
65535      61       2484 deny ip from any to any











17:21:40




#ipfw list


00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 allow tcp from any to any established
00040 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000 unreach port udp from any to any
01200 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000 count log ip from any to any
65000 reset tcp from any to any
65535 deny ip from any to any











/dev/ttyp4
17:21:54




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 29564 23962720 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:22:13




#ipfw show


00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 32490 26274236 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:22:15




#ipfw show


00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 34208 27604788 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:22:17




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 75581 60967304 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:22:43




#ipfw list | grep -v ^65535 | sed s/^ /add \/





sed: 1: "s/^": unterminated substitute pattern











/dev/ttypa
17:23:18




#ipfw list | sed s/^/add\ /


add 00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
add 00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
add 00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
add 00035 allow tcp from any to any established
add 00040 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
add 00050 allow udp from me to any keep-state
add 01000 unreach port udp from any to any
add 01200 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
add 64000 count log ip from any to any
add 65000 reset tcp from any to any
add 65535 deny ip from any to any











17:23:23




#ipfw list | grep -v ^65535 |


add 00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
add 00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
add 00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
add 00035 allow tcp from any to any established
add 00040 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
add 00050 allow udp from me to any keep-state
add 01000 unreach port udp from any to any
add 01200 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
add 64000 count log ip from any to any
add 65000 reset tcp from any to any











17:23:37




#ipfw list | grep -v ^65535 | sed s/^/add\ / Ð> /etc/myfirewall





sed: Ð: No such file or directory











17:23:51




#ipfw list | grep -v ^65535 | sed s/^/add\ / > /etc/myfirewall












17:23:56




#vi /etc/myfirewall










17:24:05




#vi /etc/rc.con










17:24:09




#vi /etc/rc.conf


31a32,35
> 
> firewall_enable="YES"
> firewall_type="/etc/myfirewall"
> 









17:24:35




#l3-agent


l3-agent is already running: pid=562; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid











17:27:16




#ps waux | grep l3-age















17:27:21




#rm /root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid












/dev/ttyp4
17:27:23




#ipfw list | grep -v ^65535 | sed s/^add \/





sed: 1: "s/^/add": unterminated substitute in regular expression











/dev/ttypa
17:27:27




#l3-agent












17:27:29




#hostname


fbsd2











/dev/ttyp4
17:27:37




#ipfw list | grep -v ^65535


00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 allow tcp from any to any established
00040 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000 unreach port udp from any to any
01200 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000 count log ip from any to any
65000 reset tcp from any to any











17:27:41




#ipfw list | grep -v ^65535  | sed  s/^





sed: 1: "s/^": unterminated substitute pattern











/dev/ttypa
17:29:03




#w


17:29  up  8:07, 8 users, load averages: 1,39 1,11 0,94
USER             TTY      FROM              LOGIN@  IDLE WHAT
root             v0       -                 9:25      13 script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo/ttyv0
user             v1       -                 9:25    8:03 script -t 0 -q /home/user/.lilalo/
root             v2       -                 9:25    8:02 script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo/ttyv2
root             v4       -                10:15    7:13 script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo/ttyv4
root             p4       192.168.15.215   17:03       1 script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo/ttyp4
root             p6       :0.0             14:15    3:12 script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo/ttyp6
root             p8       192.168.15.215   14:20    1:51 script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo/ttyp8
root             pa       linux.nt         17:19       - script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo/ttypa











17:29:06




#netstat -ln


Active Internet connections
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address          Foreign Address        (state)
tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.254.53674   ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.39619   ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.39911   ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0  10984  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.35625   ESTABLISHED
Netgraph sockets
Type  Recv-Q Send-Q Node Address   #Hooks
ctrl       0      0
data       0      0
...
c26f3e38 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c2ad3118
c2ad3118 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f2834
c26f2834 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f28c0
c26f28c0 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f294c
c26f294c dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f29d8
c26f29d8 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f2d20
c26f2af0 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2ec4        0        0
c26f2d20 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0        0
c26f2e38 dgram       0      0 c26f9cc0        0 c26f3e38        0 /var/run/logpriv
c26f2ec4 dgram       0      0 c26f9dd0        0 c26f2af0        0 /var/run/log











17:29:10




#netstat -ln -A inet


Active Internet connections
Socket   Proto Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address          Foreign Address        (state)
c274b000 tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.254.53674   ESTABLISHED
c274c398 tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.39619   ESTABLISHED
c274b398 tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.39911   ESTABLISHED
c274b8fc tcp4       0   4368  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.35625   ESTABLISHED
Netgraph sockets
PCB      Type  Recv-Q Send-Q Node Address   #Hooks
c25b6d40 ctrl       0      0
c25b6de0 data       0      0
...
c26f3e38 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c2ad3118
c2ad3118 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f2834
c26f2834 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f28c0
c26f28c0 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f294c
c26f294c dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f29d8
c26f29d8 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f2d20
c26f2af0 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2ec4        0        0
c26f2d20 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0        0
c26f2e38 dgram       0      0 c26f9cc0        0 c26f3e38        0 /var/run/logpriv
c26f2ec4 dgram       0      0 c26f9dd0        0 c26f2af0        0 /var/run/log











17:29:14




#netstat -n -A inet


Active Internet connections
Socket   Proto Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address      Foreign Address    (state)
c274b000 tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22   192.168.15.254.536 ESTABLISHED
c274c398 tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22   192.168.15.215.396 ESTABLISHED
c274b398 tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22   192.168.15.215.399 ESTABLISHED
c274b8fc tcp4       0   2648  192.168.15.22.22   192.168.15.215.356 ESTABLISHED
Netgraph sockets
PCB      Type  Recv-Q Send-Q Node Address   #Hooks
c25b6d40 ctrl       0      0
c25b6de0 data       0      0
...
c26f3e38 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c2ad3118
c2ad3118 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f2834
c26f2834 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f28c0
c26f28c0 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f294c
c26f294c dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f29d8
c26f29d8 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0 c26f2d20
c26f2af0 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2ec4        0        0
c26f2d20 dgram       0      0        0 c26f2e38        0        0
c26f2e38 dgram       0      0 c26f9cc0        0 c26f3e38        0 /var/run/logpriv
c26f2ec4 dgram       0      0 c26f9dd0        0 c26f2af0        0 /var/run/log











17:29:20




#netstat -n -finet


Active Internet connections
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address          Foreign Address        (state)
tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.254.53674   ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.39619   ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.39911   ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0   4728  192.168.15.22.22       192.168.15.215.35625   ESTABLISHED











17:29:23




#telnet unix.nt 25





Trying 192.168.15.254...
telnet: connect to address 192.168.15.254: Permission denied
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host











17:29:42




#ipfw list


00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 allow tcp from any to any established
00040 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000 unreach port udp from any to any
01200 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000 count log ip from any to any
65000 reset tcp from any to any
65535 deny ip from any to any











/dev/ttyp4
17:29:54




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw showw





ipfw: bad command `showw'











17:30:03




#ipfw show


00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030      2       128 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 743187 626688546 allow tcp from any to any established
00040      0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     50      4372 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000      3       234 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     14       896 count log ip from any to any
65000     14       896 reset tcp from any to any
65535      0         0 deny ip from any to any











/dev/ttypa
17:30:07




#telnet unix.nt 25





^C











/dev/ttyp4
17:30:08




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00010   4770   6407486 allow ip from me to any
00030      2       120 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030      2       128 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 941668 840917602 allow tcp from any to any established
00040      0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     98      8580 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000      6       468 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     25      1600 count log ip from any to any
65000     25      1600 reset tcp from any to any
65535      0         0 deny ip from any to any











/dev/ttyv0
17:31:50




#ipfw add 10 allow ip from me to any


00010 allow ip from me to any











17:32:05




#ipfw delete 10












/dev/ttyp4
17:32:11




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00010    4768   6092944 allow tcp from me to any
00030       2       120 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030       2       128 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030       0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 1057969 866614094 allow tcp from any to any established
00040       0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050      98      8580 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000      15      1336 unreach port udp from any to any
01200       0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000      27      1728 count log ip from any to any
65000      27      1728 reset tcp from any to any
65535       0         0 deny ip from any to any











/dev/ttypa
17:32:17




#telnet 192.168.15.254 25





^C











17:32:24




#host unix.nt















17:32:30




#hist linux.nt





bash: hist: command not found











17:32:32




#hot linux.nt















17:32:36




#host mail.ru















17:32:39




#ipfw list


00010 allow ip from me to any
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 allow tcp from any to any established
00040 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000 unreach port udp from any to any
01200 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000 count log ip from any to any
65000 reset tcp from any to any
65535 deny ip from any to any











17:33:46




#shutdown -p now


Shutdown NOW!
shutdown: [pid 14409]











/dev/ttyv0
17:35:35




#ipfw add 10 allow tcp from me to any


00010 allow tcp from me to any











17:35:51




#ipfw show


00020      5       320 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030      0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 189951 156962295 allow tcp from any to any established
00040      0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050      0         0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000      3       234 unreach port udp from any to any
01200      0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000      0         0 count log ip from any to any
65000      0         0 reset tcp from any to any
65535      0         0 deny ip from any to any











/dev/ttyp4
17:35:55




#ipfwzeero





ipfw: bad command `zeero'











17:36:10




#ipfw zero


Accounting cleared.











17:36:14




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00010 4455 5750029 allow tcp from me to any
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 3066  220832 allow tcp from any to any established
00040    0       0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050    0       0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000    0       0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200    0       0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000    0       0 count log ip from any to any
65000    0       0 reset tcp from any to any
65535    0       0 deny ip from any to any











17:36:20




#ipfw show


00010 22252 28572744 allow tcp from me to any
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 15231  1098148 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:36:40




#ipfw show


00010 25600 32951272 allow tcp from me to any
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 17457  1262572 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:36:42




#ipfw show


00010 28956 37454272 allow tcp from me to any
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 19758  1432288 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:36:46




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00010 43316 56509028 allow tcp from me to any
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 29854  2168584 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:37:01




#ipfw add 20 allow tcp from me  any setup


00020 allow tcp from me to any setup











17:37:57




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00010 98021 129956543 allow tcp from me to any
00020     0         0 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0         0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 67469   4934544 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0         0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0         0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0         0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0         0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0         0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0         0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0         0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:01




#ipfw delete 10












17:38:25




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00020     0        0 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 87709 10613912 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:29




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 92130 14332466 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:31




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 93961 15778402 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:33




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 98000 19053934 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:34




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 99618 20391234 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:36




#ipfw zero


Accounting cleared.











17:38:44




#[root@fbsd2:~]# ipfw show


00020    0       0 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 7046 5754296 allow tcp from any to any established
00040    0       0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050    0       0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000    0       0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200    0       0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000    0       0 count log ip from any to any
65000    0       0 reset tcp from any to any
65535    0       0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:48




#ipfw show


00020    1      64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030    0       0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 9773 8198169 allow tcp from any to any established
00040    0       0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050    0       0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000    0       0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200    0       0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000    0       0 count log ip from any to any
65000    0       0 reset tcp from any to any
65535    0       0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:50




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 13954 11640397 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:53




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 15888 13235101 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:55




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 18314 15202785 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:56




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 20179 16674949 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:57




#ipfw show


00020     1       64 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 21293 17586377 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:38:59




#ipfw show


00020     2      128 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 24229 20083885 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:39:00




#ipfw show


00020     2      128 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 26578 22169217 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:39:02




#ipfw show


00020     2      128 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 27933 23282129 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:39:03




#ipfw show


00020     2      128 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 29795 24838769 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any











17:39:04




#ipfw show


00020     2      128 allow tcp from me to any setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup
00030     0        0 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup
00035 31638 26394605 allow tcp from any to any established
00040     0        0 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 in keep-state
00050     0        0 allow udp from me to any keep-state
01000     0        0 unreach port udp from any to any
01200     0        0 allow icmp from me to any keep-state
64000     0        0 count log ip from any to any
65000     0        0 reset tcp from any to any
65535     0        0 deny ip from any to any









Статистика
Время первой команды журнала17:04:07 2006- 2-25
Время последней команды журнала17:39:04 2006- 2-25
Количество командных строк в журнале101
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, %15.84
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % 0.99
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час 0.58
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 2.89
Частота использования команд
ipfw59|==================================================| 50.43%
[root@fbsd2:~]#16|=============| 13.68%
grep8|======|  6.84%
sed6|=====|  5.13%
netstat4|===|  3.42%
telnet3|==|  2.56%
ping3|==|  2.56%
vi3|==|  2.56%
l3-agent2|=|  1.71%
host2|=|  1.71%
/etc/myfirewall2|=|  1.71%
hot1||  0.85%
ps1||  0.85%
ipfwzeero1||  0.85%
rm1||  0.85%
shutdown1||  0.85%
ipfwshow1||  0.85%
hist1||  0.85%
hostname1||  0.85%
w1||  0.85%
____
*) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются
Справка
    Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного:
    всё происходит само собой.
    Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов
    было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:
    
    
    
  1.  
    В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
    
    2. 
    
  2. 
    Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, 
    и команды записываются, дайте команду w.
    В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, 
    должна быть указана программа script.
    
    3. 
    
  3. 
    Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, 
    выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:

    

    


    $ l s-l
    

    bash: l: command not found

    
    		

    

    

    
    
    4. 
    
  4. 
    Если код завершения команды равен нулю, 
    команда была выполнена без ошибок.
    Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.

    

    


    $ test 5 -lt 4
    

    		

    

    
    Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля
    не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой.
    Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

    
    
    5. 
    
  5. 
    Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.

    

    


    $ find / -name abc
    

    find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung
^C

    
    		

    

    

    
    
    6. 
    
  6. 
    Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя,
    выделяются слева красной чертой.

    

    


    # id
    

    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)

    
    		

    

    
    
    
    
    7. 
    
  7. 
    Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, 
    запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed.
    Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки,
    начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.

    

    


    $ vi ~/.bashrc
    

    2a3,5
>    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
>         . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion
>        fi

    		

    

    
    
    
    
    8. 
    
  8. 
    Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте
    изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch.
    Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в
    качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения,
    и всавить скопированный текст:

    

    


    $ patch ~/.bashrc
    
    		

    

    
    В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc
    
    9. 
    
  9. 
    Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, 
    нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое
    описание команды.
    
    
    
    
    Если справочная информация о команде есть, 
    команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi.
    Если справочная информация отсутствует,
    команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe.
    Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, 
    если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно;
    (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo.
    Последнее возможно для редких команд.
    
    10. 
    
  10. 
    Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше 
    всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer.
    В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, 
    а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
    
    11. 
    
  11. 
    Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени 
    начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, 
    когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
    
    12. 
    
  12. 
    Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке.
    Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал
    текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
    
    13. 
    
  13. 
    Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала,
    таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить.
    Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом
    вверху страницы.
    
    14. 
    
  14. 
    Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки.
    Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v.
    Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий:
    ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей.
    Например, если в командной строке было введено:

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    $ #^ Интересно, кто я?

    
    в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
    

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    

      Интересно, кто я?
     
     
    
    15. 
    
  15. 
    Если комментарий содержит несколько строк,
    его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:

    $ whoami

    

    user

    

    $ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?

    

    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
-
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
в этом мире.

    
    В журнале это будет выглядеть так:

    

    


    $ whoami
    

    user

    

    Интересно, кто я?
    
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
    
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
    

    
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
    
в этом мире.
    

    
    		

    

    
    Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой
    используйте символ "-", один в строке.
    
    

    16. 
    
  16. 
    Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, 
    добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v 
    нужно использовать символы #=
    
    17. 

    
  17. 
    Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале.
    Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat.
    Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, 
    содержимое файла будет показано в журнале
    в специально отведённой для этого секции.
    
    18. 

    
    
    
  18. 
    Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал,
    нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot.
    После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое
    должно быть в журнале.
    
    19. 
    
    

    
    
    
  19. 
    Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке.
    Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах,
    в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения.

    1
    2
3   
    4

    
    Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
    Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
    Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, 
    нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
    
    20. 
    
    



О программе
    

    LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.

    Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.

    (c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

    

$Id$