Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Понедельник (05/17/10)

/dev/pts/1
09:14:07
$screen
09:14:15
$sudo apt-get install screen
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.
[sudo] password for user:
user is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.
09:14:29
$su -
# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
# (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
user    ALL=(ALL) ALL
# it further down)
%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL
"/etc/sudoers" 25L, 510C записано
root@debian4:~# exit
logout
09:14:51
$sudo apt-get install screen
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.
[sudo] password for user:
Чтение списков пакетов... Готово
Построение дерева зависимостей
Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово
НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены:
...
Необходимо скачать 605kБ архивов.
После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 1 008kB.
Получено:1 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main screen 4.0.3-14 [605kB]
Получено 605kБ за 4с (129kБ/c)
Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета screen.
(Чтение базы данных ... на данный момент установлено 54037 файлов и каталогов.)
Распаковывается пакет screen (из файла .../screen_4.0.3-14_i386.deb)...
Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db ...
Обрабатываются триггеры для install-info ...
Настраивается пакет screen (4.0.3-14) ...
/dev/pts/3
09:15:43
$LANG=C

09:16:44
$LANG=C

09:17:15
$ls -l
total 0
09:19:09
$di
dialog     diff3      dircolors  dirs       disown
diff       dir        dirname    dirsplit
09:19:09
$di
dialog     diff3      dircolors  dirs       disown
diff       dir        dirname    dirsplit
09:19:09
$sudo apt-get install display
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Couldn't find package display
09:20:43
$apt-cache search display
libaa-bin - sample programs using aalib
libaa1-dbg - ascii art library, debugging symbols
libaa1-dev - ascii art library, development kit
libaa1 - ascii art library
aclock.app - Analog dockapp clock for GNUstep
acpi - displays information on ACPI devices
xul-ext-adblock-plus - Advertisement blocking extension for web browsers
addressview.framework - Address display/edit framework for GNUstep
libaddressview-dev - Address display/edit framework for GNUstep (development files)
libaddressview0 - Address display/edit framework for GNUstep (library files)
...
mgltools-dejavu - visualization of 3D geometry using the OpenGL with Python
nvidia-glx - NVIDIA binary Xorg driver
nvidia-kernel-source - NVIDIA binary kernel module source
nvidia-kernel-2.6.26-2-686-bigmem - NVIDIA binary kernel module for Linux 2.6.26-2-686-bigmem
nvidia-kernel-2.6.26-2-686 - NVIDIA binary kernel module for Linux 2.6.26-2-686
nvidia-kernel-2.6.26-2-amd64 - NVIDIA binary kernel module for Linux 2.6.26-2-amd64
nvidia-kernel-2.6.26-2-openvz-686 - NVIDIA binary kernel module for Linux 2.6.26-2-openvz-686
picon-weather - Picon (Personal Images) database for displaying weather forecasts.
ttf-kochi-gothic-naga10 - Kochi Subst Gothic Japanese TrueType font with naga10 (non-free)
ttf-kochi-mincho-naga10 - Kochi Subst Mincho Japanese TrueType font with naga10 (non-free)
09:20:57
$ssh 192.168.16.254
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.254 (192.168.16.254)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 90:7f:6c:4f:4c:b3:6c:3a:73:79:4d:77:f2:82:51:64.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.254' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
user@192.168.16.254's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
user@192.168.16.254's password:
09:21:14
$ssh 192.168.16.254 -l root
root@192.168.16.254's password:
Linux debian 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Mon May 17 02:06:37 2010 from 10.0.17.100
debian:~# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed.
09:21:29
$apt-cache search display | less
09:24:47
$ssh 192.168.16.254 -l root
Connection to 77.123.125.165 closed.
debian:~# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed.
09:25:59
$watch
Usage: watch [-bcdhnptvx] [--beep] [--color] [--differences[=cumulative]] [--exec] [--help] [--interval=<n>] [--no-title] [--version] <command>
09:26:00
$df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                 291M     0  291M   0% /lib/init/rw
udev                   10M  8.0K   10M   1% /dev
tmpfs                 291M  4.0K  291M   1% /dev/shm
rootfs                3.0G  1.6G  1.3G  56% /
09:26:10
$watch 'df -h'

09:26:57
$Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

09:26:58
$ssh 192.168.16.24
ssh: connect to host 192.168.16.24 port 22: No route to host
09:27:06
$ssh 192.168.16.23
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.23 (192.168.16.23)' can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.23' (DSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
Last login: Sat May 15 00:39:29 2010
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008
Welcome to FreeBSD!
...
   along with the mailing lists, can be searched by going to
   http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/.  If the doc distribution has
   been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list.  If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page.  If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility.  Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
09:29:15
$sudo apt-get install iceweasel
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libmozjs2d xulrunner-1.9.1
Suggested packages:
  ttf-lyx latex-xft-fonts xfonts-mathml ttf-mathematica4.1 xprint mozplugger
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  iceweasel libmozjs2d xulrunner-1.9.1
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
...
Err http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main libmozjs2d 1.9.1.8-5
  404  Not Found
Err http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main xulrunner-1.9.1 1.9.1.8-5
  404  Not Found
Err http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main iceweasel 3.5.8-1
  404  Not Found
Failed to fetch http://debian.org.ua/debian/pool/main/x/xulrunner/libmozjs2d_1.9.1.8-5_i386.deb  404  Not Found
Failed to fetch http://debian.org.ua/debian/pool/main/x/xulrunner/xulrunner-1.9.1_1.9.1.8-5_i386.deb  404  Not Found
Failed to fetch http://debian.org.ua/debian/pool/main/i/iceweasel/iceweasel_3.5.8-1_i386.deb  404  Not Found
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
09:29:26
$sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://debian.org.ua squeeze Release.gpg [835B]
Get:2 http://debian.org.ua squeeze Release [89.5kB]
Get:3 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main Packages/DiffIndex [2038B]
Get:4 http://security.debian.org testing/updates Release.gpg [835B]
Get:5 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/contrib Packages/DiffIndex [2023B]
Get:6 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/non-free Packages/DiffIndex [2023B]
Get:7 http://security.debian.org testing/updates Release [44.6kB]
Get:8 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main Packages [6440kB]
Ign http://security.debian.org testing/updates/main Packages/DiffIndex
Hit http://security.debian.org testing/updates/main Packages
Get:9 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/contrib Packages [53.6kB]
Get:10 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/non-free Packages [105kB]
Fetched 6740kB in 9s (737kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
09:29:49
$sudo apt-get install iceweasel
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libatk1.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libmozjs2d libsqlite3-0 xulrunner-1.9.1
Suggested packages:
  ttf-lyx latex-xft-fonts xfonts-mathml ttf-mathematica4.1 xprint mozplugger
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  iceweasel libmozjs2d xulrunner-1.9.1
The following packages will be upgraded:
...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ...
Setting up libsqlite3-0 (3.6.23.1-2) ...
Setting up libglib2.0-0 (2.24.0-1) ...
Setting up libatk1.0-0 (1.30.0-1) ...
Setting up libmozjs2d (1.9.1.9-7) ...
Setting up xulrunner-1.9.1 (1.9.1.9-7) ...
Setting up iceweasel (3.5.9-3) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/iceweasel to provide /usr/bin/x-www-browser (x-www-browser) in auto mode.
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/iceweasel to provide /usr/bin/gnome-www-browser (gnome-www-browser) in auto mode.
Processing triggers for menu ...
/dev/pts/1
09:35:10
$screen -x
/dev/pts/3
09:36:50
$LAJNG=C

09:39:48
$LANG=C

09:39:49
$info
прошло 22 минуты
10:02:38
$File: coreutils.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir)
PASSWD(1)                        User Commands                       PASSWD(1)
NAME
       passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
       passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
       The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user
       may only change the password for his/her own account, while the
       superuser may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       the account or associated password validity period.
...
       superuser may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       the account or associated password validity period.
   Password Changes
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is present.
       This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored
       password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password.
       The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten
       passwords may be changed.
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
       checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this
10:04:49
$apropos passwd
chgpasswd (8)        - update group passwords in batch mode
chpasswd (8)         - update passwords in batch mode
fgetpwent_r (3)      - get passwd file entry reentrantly
getpwent_r (3)       - get passwd file entry reentrantly
gpasswd (1)          - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
pam_localuser (8)    - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
passwd2des (3)       - RFS password encryption
update-passwd (8)    - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
vnc4passwd (1)       - change a VNC password
vncpasswd (1)        - change a VNC password
10:05:07
$apropos user | ls

10:05:45
$apropos user | less
10:05:53
$apropos user | egrep -i "add|remove|delete|modify|change"
adduser.conf (5)     - configuration file for adduser(8) and addgroup(8) .
addgroup (8)         - add a user or group to the system
adduser (8)          - add a user or group to the system
chage (1)            - change user password expiry information
chfn (1)             - change real user name and information
delgroup (8)         - remove a user or group from the system
deluser (8)          - remove a user or group from the system
pam_issue (8)        - PAM module to add issue file to user prompt
passwd (1)           - change user password
su (1)               - change user ID or become superuser
ucf (1)              - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in co...
useradd (8)          - create a new user or update default new user information
userdel (8)          - delete a user account and related files
usermod (8)          - modify a user account
10:07:35
$apropos user | egrep -i "add|remove|delete|modify|change"
adduser.conf (5)     - configuration file for adduser(8) and addgroup(8) .
addgroup (8)         - add a user or group to the system
adduser (8)          - add a user or group to the system
chage (1)            - change user password expiry information
chfn (1)             - change real user name and information
delgroup (8)         - remove a user or group from the system
deluser (8)          - remove a user or group from the system
pam_issue (8)        - PAM module to add issue file to user prompt
passwd (1)           - change user password
su (1)               - change user ID or become superuser
ucf (1)              - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in co...
useradd (8)          - create a new user or update default new user information
userdel (8)          - delete a user account and related files
usermod (8)          - modify a user account
10:09:23
$id
uid=1000(user) gid=1000(user) groups=1000(user)
10:09:25
$apropos user | egrep -i "add|remove|delete|modify|change"^C

10:09:39
$apropos user
adduser.conf (5)     - configuration file for adduser(8) and addgroup(8) .
deluser.conf (5)     - configuration file for deluser(8) and delgroup(8) .
HEAD (1p)            - Simple command line user agent
access (2)           - check real user's permissions for a file
addgroup (8)         - add a user or group to the system
adduser (8)          - add a user or group to the system
arpd (8)             - userspace arp daemon.
bsd-write (1)        - send a message to another user
chage (1)            - change user password expiry information
chfn (1)             - change real user name and information
...
usermod (8)          - modify a user account
users (1)            - print the user names of users currently logged in to t...
vmsplice (2)         - splice user pages into a pipe
wall (1)             - write a message to users
whoami (1)           - print effective userid
write (1)            - send a message to another user
xkbbell (1)          - XKB extension user utility
xkbvleds (1)         - XKB extension user utility
xkbwatch (1)         - XKB extension user utility
xset (1)             - user preference utility for X
10:10:11
$apropos user | wc -l
122
10:10:17
$man -k user | wc -l
122
10:10:29
$man -k user | wc -c
7357
10:10:51
$whatis intro
intro (1)            - Introduction to user commands
intro (6)            - Introduction to games
intro (2)            - Introduction to system calls
intro (3)            - Introduction to library functions
intro (7)            - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany ...
intro (8)            - Introduction to administration and privileged commands
intro (4)            - Introduction to special files
intro (5)            - Introduction to file formats
10:11:57
$whatis passwd
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
10:14:16
$vim /etc/passwd
10:14:39
$sshd:x:103:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin

10:14:39
$whatis passwd
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
10:14:40
$man passwd
10:14:49
$man 5 passwd
10:15:02
$man passwd.conf
10:15:11
$man passwd 5
10:15:25
$man passwd useradd
10:15:37
$man 5 passwd
10:15:47
$man -a passwd
10:16:11
$man -a passwd
10:19:36
$ls -l /usr/share/man
total 236
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 cs
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 de
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Apr 12 21:43 es
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root  4096 Apr 12 21:43 fi
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root  4096 Apr 12 21:53 fr
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  4096 Apr 12 21:43 gl
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 hu
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Apr 12 21:43 id
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 it
...
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr 12 21:43 man6
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr 12 21:54 man7
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 20480 Apr 12 22:08 man8
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 pl
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 pt_BR
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 ru
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 sv
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 tr
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 zh_CN
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Jul 24  2009 zh_TW
10:19:40
$ls -l /usr/share/man/man5/
total 664
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2524 Mar 11 00:48 Compose.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4973 Mar 14 21:49 Xsession.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1596 Mar 14 21:49 Xsession.options.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1781 Mar 14 21:49 Xwrapper.config.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2237 Feb 18 10:40 access.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2454 Mar  2 20:25 acct.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2070 Dec 23 16:11 adduser.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12545 Feb  1 19:54 apt.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5309 Feb  1 19:54 apt_preferences.5.gz
...
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5829 Mar  2 20:26 termcap.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32598 Apr  3 22:58 terminfo.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1832 Feb 18 10:40 time.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2228 Mar 25  2009 ts.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1782 Mar  2 20:43 tzfile.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1978 May 30  2008 ucf.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4750 Mar  2 20:43 utmp.5.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 Apr 12 21:43 utmpx.5.gz -> utmp.5.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 Apr 12 21:43 wtmp.5.gz -> utmp.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18436 Mar 23 22:13 xorg.conf.5.gz
10:19:56
$zcat /usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz
.\" shorthand for double quote that works everywhere.
.ds q \N'34'
.TH xorg.conf 5 "xorg-server 1.7.6" "X Version 11"
.SH NAME
xorg.conf \- configuration File for Xorg X server
.SH INTRODUCTION
.B Xorg
supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration and
run-time parameters: command line options, environment variables, the
xorg.conf configuration file, auto-detection, and fallback defaults.
...
.PP
Other modules and interfaces:
.BR exa (4),
.BR fbdevhw (4),
.\" .BR shadowfb (4),
.BR v4l (4).
.br
.SH AUTHORS
This manual page was largely rewritten by David Dawes
.IR <dawes@xfree86.org> .
10:20:13
$man 5 xorg.conf
10:20:44
$ssh 192.168.16.23
Password:
Last login: Mon May 17 11:24:41 2010 from debian4.net.nt
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008
Welcome to FreeBSD!
Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources:
o  Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are
   at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section
   for your release first as it's updated frequently.
...
   http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/.  If the doc distribution has
   been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list.  If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page.  If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility.  Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
l3-agent is already running: pid=22154; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid
10:22:03
$PAGER=more man 5 xorg.conf
xorg.conf(5)                                                      xorg.conf(5)
NAME
       xorg.conf - configuration File for Xorg X server
INTRODUCTION
       Xorg  supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration
       and run-time parameters: command line options,  environment  variables,
       the   xorg.conf   configuration   file,  auto-detection,  and  fallback
       defaults.  When the same information is supplied in more than one  way,
       the  highest  precedence  mechanism is used.  The list of mechanisms is
       ordered from highest precedence to lowest.  Note that not  all  parame-
...
       Option "RightOf"  "output"
              This optional entry specifies that the monitor should  be  posi-
              tioned  to  the  right  of the output (not monitor) of the given
              name.  (RandR 1.2-supporting drivers only)
       Option "Above"  "output"
              This optional entry specifies that the monitor should  be  posi-
              tioned above the output (not monitor) of the given name.  (RandR
              1.2-supporting drivers only)
/see\ also
Pattern not found
10:23:23
$PAGER=more man 5 xorg.conf
xorg.conf(5)                                                      xorg.conf(5)
NAME
       xorg.conf - configuration File for Xorg X server
INTRODUCTION
       Xorg  supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration
       and run-time parameters: command line options,  environment  variables,
       the   xorg.conf   configuration   file,  auto-detection,  and  fallback
       defaults.  When the same information is supplied in more than one  way,
       the  highest  precedence  mechanism is used.  The list of mechanisms is
       ordered from highest precedence to lowest.  Note that not  all  parame-
...
              The  visual  type  available  for  the  depths 15, 16 and 24 are
              (default is TrueColor):
                  TrueColor
                  DirectColor
              Not all drivers support DirectColor at these depths.
              The visual types available for the depth 4 are (default is Stat-
              icColor):
                  StaticGray
/
Pattern not found
10:23:32
$PAGER=cat man 5 xorg.conf
xorg.conf(5)                                                      xorg.conf(5)
NAME
       xorg.conf - configuration File for Xorg X server
INTRODUCTION
       Xorg  supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration
       and run-time parameters: command line options,  environment  variables,
       the   xorg.conf   configuration   file,  auto-detection,  and  fallback
       defaults.  When the same information is supplied in more than one  way,
       the  highest  precedence  mechanism is used.  The list of mechanisms is
       ordered from highest precedence to lowest.  Note that not  all  parame-
...
       Input  drivers:  acecad(4),  calcomp(4), citron(4), dmc(4), dynapro(4),
       elographics(4), evdev(4), fpit(4), js_x(4), joystick(4), kbd(4), magic-
       touch(4),   microtouch(4),  mousedrv(4),  mutouch(4),  palmax(4),  pen-
       mount(4),  synaptics(4),  tek4957(4),  ur98(4),  vmmouse(4),   void(4),
       wacom(4).
       Other modules and interfaces: exa(4), fbdevhw(4), v4l(4).
AUTHORS
       This    manual    page   was   largely   rewritten   by   David   Dawes
       <dawes@xfree86.org>.
X Version 11                   xorg-server 1.7.6                  xorg.conf(5)
10:23:44
$man -Tps passwd
10:24:17
$man bash
10:25:00
$ssh 192.168.16.23
Password:
Last login: Mon May 17 11:41:25 2010 from debian4.net.nt
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008
Welcome to FreeBSD!
Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources:
o  Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are
   at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section
   for your release first as it's updated frequently.
...
   http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/.  If the doc distribution has
   been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list.  If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page.  If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility.  Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
l3-agent is already running: pid=22154; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid
/dev/pts/3
10:25:56
$watch
watch: snp module not available: Operation not permitted
watch: open /dev/snp0: No such file or directory
/dev/pts/3
10:27:25
$ssh 192.168.16.23 -X
Password:
Last login: Mon May 17 11:30:29 2010 from debian4.net.nt
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008
Welcome to FreeBSD!
Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources:
o  Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are
   at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section
   for your release first as it's updated frequently.
...
   http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/.  If the doc distribution has
   been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list.  If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page.  If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility.  Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
l3-agent is already running: pid=22154; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid
10:28:27
$cd doc/

10:28:49
$ls
IPv6                    handbook                psd
atm                     hu                      pt_BR
bind9                   hu_HU.ISO8859-2         pt_BR.ISO8859-1
bn_BD.ISO10646-1        it                      ru
da_DK.ISO8859-1         it_IT.ISO8859-15        ru_RU.KOI8-R
de                      ja                      smm
de_DE.ISO8859-1         ja_JP.eucJP             sr
el                      mn                      sr_YU.ISO8859-2
el_GR.ISO8859-7         mn_MN.UTF-8             tr
en                      ncurses                 tr_TR.ISO8859-9
en_US.ISO8859-1         nl                      usd
es                      nl_NL.ISO8859-1         zh_CN
es_ES.ISO8859-1         ntp                     zh_CN.GB2312
faq                     papers                  zh_TW
fr                      pl                      zh_TW.Big5
fr_FR.ISO8859-1         pl_PL.ISO8859-2
10:29:03
$ls en/
articles        books
/dev/pts/3
10:29:24
$dis
disco      diskinfo   disklabel  disown
10:29:24
$display
bash: display: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ
/dev/pts/3
10:30:31
$cd /usr/share/

10:30:52
$find . -name handbook -a -type d
./doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook
./doc/de_DE.ISO8859-1/books/handbook
./doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook
./doc/es_ES.ISO8859-1/books/handbook
./doc/fr_FR.ISO8859-1/books/handbook
./doc/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/handbook
./doc/ja_JP.eucJP/books/handbook
./doc/mn_MN.UTF-8/books/handbook
./doc/nl_NL.ISO8859-1/books/handbook
./doc/pl_PL.ISO8859-2/books/handbook
./doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook
./doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook
./doc/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook
10:32:29
$ls en/books/
arch-handbook           developers-handbook     pmake
corp-net-guide          faq                     porters-handbook
design-44bsd            fdp-primer
dev-model               handbook
10:32:44
$ls en/books/handbook/
LEGALNOTICE.html                        linuxemu.html
acpi-debug.html                         mac-biba.html
acpi-overview.html                      mac-bsdextended.html
adding-swap-space.html                  mac-ifoff.html
advanced-networking                     mac-implementing.html
advanced-networking.html                mac-initial.html
anoncvs.html                            mac-inline-glossary.html
appendices.html                         mac-lomac.html
audit-administration.html               mac-mls.html
audit-config.html                       mac-modules.html
...
l10n-basics.html                        virtualization-host.html
l10n-compiling.html                     virtualization.html
l10n.html                               x-config.html
lang-setup.html                         x-fonts.html
linuxemu-advanced.html                  x-install.html
linuxemu-lbc-install.html               x-understanding.html
linuxemu-maple.html                     x-xdm.html
linuxemu-mathematica.html               x11-wm.html
linuxemu-matlab.html                    x11.html
linuxemu-oracle.html
10:33:09
$ls en/books/handbook/index.html
en/books/handbook/index.html
10:33:13
$find . -name handbook -a -type d

10:33:26
$w3,m
bash: w3,m: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ
10:33:49
$w3m
bash: w3m: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ
10:33:55
$lynx
10:34:26
$exit
exit
Connection to 192.168.16.23 closed.
10:36:35
$cd /usr/share/doc/en/books/handbook/

10:36:42
$date
Mon May 17 08:36:44 UTC 2010
10:36:44
$ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
l3script: ntpdate: command not found
10:36:51
$sudo apt-get install ntpdate
[sudo] password for user:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  liblockfile1 lockfile-progs
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  liblockfile1 lockfile-progs ntpdate
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 291 not upgraded.
Need to get 103kB of archives.
...
(Reading database ... 54404 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking liblockfile1 (from .../liblockfile1_1.08-4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package lockfile-progs.
Unpacking lockfile-progs (from .../lockfile-progs_0.1.13_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package ntpdate.
Unpacking ntpdate (from .../ntpdate_1%3a4.2.6+dfsg-1_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up liblockfile1 (1.08-4) ...
Setting up lockfile-progs (0.1.13) ...
Setting up ntpdate (1:4.2.6+dfsg-1) ...
10:37:07
$ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
l3script: ntpdate: command not found
10:37:11
$ntfs
ntfs-3g           ntfs-3g.usermap   ntfscmp           ntfsls
ntfs-3g.probe     ntfscat           ntfsfix           ntfsmount
ntfs-3g.secaudit  ntfscluster       ntfsinfo
10:37:11
$sudo ^C

10:37:24
$ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
l3script: ntpdate: command not found
10:37:27
$sudo ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
17 May 08:38:17 ntpdate[3633]: step time server 194.149.67.130 offset 43.238610 sec
10:37:32
$ls
LEGALNOTICE.html                        linuxemu.html
acpi-debug.html                         mac-biba.html
acpi-overview.html                      mac-bsdextended.html
adding-swap-space.html                  mac-ifoff.html
advanced-networking                     mac-implementing.html
advanced-networking.html                mac-initial.html
anoncvs.html                            mac-inline-glossary.html
appendices.html                         mac-lomac.html
audit-administration.html               mac-mls.html
audit-config.html                       mac-modules.html
...
l10n-basics.html                        virtualization-host.html
l10n-compiling.html                     virtualization.html
l10n.html                               x-config.html
lang-setup.html                         x-fonts.html
linuxemu-advanced.html                  x-install.html
linuxemu-lbc-install.html               x-understanding.html
linuxemu-maple.html                     x-xdm.html
linuxemu-mathematica.html               x11-wm.html
linuxemu-matlab.html                    x11.html
linuxemu-oracle.html
10:37:44
$firefox index.html

10:38:17
$date
Mon May 17 08:38:20 UTC 2010
10:38:20
$tzselect
Please identify a location so that time zone rules can be set correctly.
Please select a continent or ocean.
 1) Africa
 2) Americas
 3) Antarctica
 4) Arctic Ocean
 5) Asia
 6) Atlantic Ocean
 7) Australia
 8) Europe
...
Is the above information OK?
1) Yes
2) No
#? 1
You can make this change permanent for yourself by appending the line
        TZ='Europe/Kiev'; export TZ
to the file '.profile' in your home directory; then log out and log in again.
Here is that TZ value again, this time on standard output so that you
can use the /usr/bin/tzselect command in shell scripts:
Europe/Kiev
10:38:39
$date
Mon May 17 08:38:47 UTC 2010
10:38:47
$TZ='Europe/Kiev'; export TZ

10:38:51
$date
Mon May 17 11:38:52 EEST 2010
10:38:52
$vim .bashrc
--- /tmp/l3-saved-2792.73.28659	2010-05-17 11:39:05.000000000 +0300
+++ .bashrc	2010-05-17 11:39:20.000000000 +0300
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 # enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
 # this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
 # sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
+TZ='Europe/Kiev'; export TZ
 if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
     . /etc/bash_completion
 fi
10:39:20
$. .bashrc

10:39:21
$date
Mon May 17 11:39:28 EEST 2010

Статистика

Время первой команды журнала09:14:07 2010- 5-17
Время последней команды журнала10:39:21 2010- 5-17
Количество командных строк в журнале100
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, %10.00
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, %10.00
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час 1.42
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 1.17
Частота использования команд
man13|=========| 9.92%
ls10|=======| 7.63%
sudo9|======| 6.87%
apropos8|======| 6.11%
ssh8|======| 6.11%
apt-get7|=====| 5.34%
date5|===| 3.82%
ntpdate4|===| 3.05%
egrep3|==| 2.29%
cd3|==| 2.29%
wc3|==| 2.29%
modify3|==| 2.29%
watch3|==| 2.29%
whatis3|==| 2.29%
delete3|==| 2.29%
remove3|==| 2.29%
LANG=C3|==| 2.29%
screen2|=| 1.53%
change"2|=| 1.53%
PAGER=more2|=| 1.53%
find2|=| 1.53%
di2|=| 1.53%
vim2|=| 1.53%
less2|=| 1.53%
apt-cache2|=| 1.53%
firefox1|| 0.76%
Filesystem1|| 0.76%
ntfs1|| 0.76%
Kiev'1|| 0.76%
info1|| 0.76%
tzselect1|| 0.76%
File:1|| 0.76%
change"^C1|| 0.76%
.1|| 0.76%
nologin1|| 0.76%
PAGER=cat1|| 0.76%
w3,m1|| 0.76%
export1|| 0.76%
id1|| 0.76%
lynx1|| 0.76%
zcat1|| 0.76%
df1|| 0.76%
w3m1|| 0.76%
display1|| 0.76%
^C1|| 0.76%
LAJNG=C1|| 0.76%
exit1|| 0.76%
dis1|| 0.76%
su1|| 0.76%
____
*) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются

Справка

Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного: всё происходит само собой. Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:
  1. В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.

  2. Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.

  3. Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
    $ l s-l
    bash: l: command not found
    

  4. Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
    $ test 5 -lt 4
    Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой. Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

  5. Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
    $ find / -name abc
    find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung
    find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung
    find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung
    find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung
    find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung
    ^C
    

  6. Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
    # id
    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)
    

  7. Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
    $ vi ~/.bashrc
    2a3,5
    >    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
    >         . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion
    >        fi
    

  8. Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
    $ patch ~/.bashrc
    В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc

  9. Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.

    Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.

  10. Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.

  11. Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора

  12. Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.

  13. Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.

  14. Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:

    $ whoami
    
    user
    
    $ #^ Интересно, кто я?
    
    в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
    $ whoami
    
    user
    
    Интересно, кто я?

  15. Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:

    $ whoami
    
    user
    
    $ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
    
    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
    мы зарегистрировались в системе.
    -
    Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
    в этом мире.
    
    В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
    $ whoami
    user
    
    Интересно, кто я?
    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
    мы зарегистрировались в системе.

    Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
    в этом мире.
    Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой используйте символ "-", один в строке.

  16. Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=

  17. Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале. Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat. Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, содержимое файла будет показано в журнале в специально отведённой для этого секции.
  18. Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал, нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot. После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое должно быть в журнале.
  19. Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке. Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах, в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения.
    1
        2
    3   
        4
    
    Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.

О программе

LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

$Id$