/l3/users/17-05-2010/nt-ladm/debian4.net.nt/user :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 |
|
$sudo apt-get install screen
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things: #1) Respect the privacy of others. #2) Think before you type. #3) With great power comes great responsibility. [sudo] password for user: user is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported. |
$su -
# User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL) ALL # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command # (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move user ALL=(ALL) ALL # it further down) %sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL "/etc/sudoers" 25L, 510C записано root@debian4:~# exit logout |
$sudo apt-get install screen
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things: #1) Respect the privacy of others. #2) Think before you type. #3) With great power comes great responsibility. [sudo] password for user: Чтение списков пакетов... Готово Построение дерева зависимостей Чтение информации о состоянии... Готово НОВЫЕ пакеты, которые будут установлены: ... Необходимо скачать 605kБ архивов. После данной операции, объём занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 1 008kB. Получено:1 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main screen 4.0.3-14 [605kB] Получено 605kБ за 4с (129kБ/c) Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета screen. (Чтение базы данных ... на данный момент установлено 54037 файлов и каталогов.) Распаковывается пакет screen (из файла .../screen_4.0.3-14_i386.deb)... Обрабатываются триггеры для man-db ... Обрабатываются триггеры для install-info ... Настраивается пакет screen (4.0.3-14) ... |
$LANG=C
|
$ls -l
total 0 |
$di
dialog diff3 dircolors dirs disown diff dir dirname dirsplit |
$di
dialog diff3 dircolors dirs disown diff dir dirname dirsplit |
$sudo apt-get install display
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Couldn't find package display |
$apt-cache search display
libaa-bin - sample programs using aalib libaa1-dbg - ascii art library, debugging symbols libaa1-dev - ascii art library, development kit libaa1 - ascii art library aclock.app - Analog dockapp clock for GNUstep acpi - displays information on ACPI devices xul-ext-adblock-plus - Advertisement blocking extension for web browsers addressview.framework - Address display/edit framework for GNUstep libaddressview-dev - Address display/edit framework for GNUstep (development files) libaddressview0 - Address display/edit framework for GNUstep (library files) ... mgltools-dejavu - visualization of 3D geometry using the OpenGL with Python nvidia-glx - NVIDIA binary Xorg driver nvidia-kernel-source - NVIDIA binary kernel module source nvidia-kernel-2.6.26-2-686-bigmem - NVIDIA binary kernel module for Linux 2.6.26-2-686-bigmem nvidia-kernel-2.6.26-2-686 - NVIDIA binary kernel module for Linux 2.6.26-2-686 nvidia-kernel-2.6.26-2-amd64 - NVIDIA binary kernel module for Linux 2.6.26-2-amd64 nvidia-kernel-2.6.26-2-openvz-686 - NVIDIA binary kernel module for Linux 2.6.26-2-openvz-686 picon-weather - Picon (Personal Images) database for displaying weather forecasts. ttf-kochi-gothic-naga10 - Kochi Subst Gothic Japanese TrueType font with naga10 (non-free) ttf-kochi-mincho-naga10 - Kochi Subst Mincho Japanese TrueType font with naga10 (non-free) |
$ssh 192.168.16.254
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.254 (192.168.16.254)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 90:7f:6c:4f:4c:b3:6c:3a:73:79:4d:77:f2:82:51:64. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.254' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. user@192.168.16.254's password: Permission denied, please try again. user@192.168.16.254's password: |
$ssh 192.168.16.254 -l root
root@192.168.16.254's password: Linux debian 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 20:11:42 UTC 2010 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Mon May 17 02:06:37 2010 from 10.0.17.100 debian:~# exit logout Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed. |
$apt-cache search display | less
|
$ssh 192.168.16.254 -l root
Connection to 77.123.125.165 closed. debian:~# exit logout Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed. |
$watch
Usage: watch [-bcdhnptvx] [--beep] [--color] [--differences[=cumulative]] [--exec] [--help] [--interval=<n>] [--no-title] [--version] <command> |
$df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on tmpfs 291M 0 291M 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 8.0K 10M 1% /dev tmpfs 291M 4.0K 291M 1% /dev/shm rootfs 3.0G 1.6G 1.3G 56% / |
$watch 'df -h'
|
$Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
$ssh 192.168.16.24
ssh: connect to host 192.168.16.24 port 22: No route to host |
$ssh 192.168.16.23
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.23 (192.168.16.23)' can't be established. DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.23' (DSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: Last login: Sat May 15 00:39:29 2010 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! ... along with the mailing lists, can be searched by going to http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. |
$sudo apt-get install iceweasel
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libmozjs2d xulrunner-1.9.1 Suggested packages: ttf-lyx latex-xft-fonts xfonts-mathml ttf-mathematica4.1 xprint mozplugger The following NEW packages will be installed: iceweasel libmozjs2d xulrunner-1.9.1 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. ... Err http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main libmozjs2d 1.9.1.8-5 404 Not Found Err http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main xulrunner-1.9.1 1.9.1.8-5 404 Not Found Err http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main iceweasel 3.5.8-1 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://debian.org.ua/debian/pool/main/x/xulrunner/libmozjs2d_1.9.1.8-5_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://debian.org.ua/debian/pool/main/x/xulrunner/xulrunner-1.9.1_1.9.1.8-5_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://debian.org.ua/debian/pool/main/i/iceweasel/iceweasel_3.5.8-1_i386.deb 404 Not Found E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? |
$sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://debian.org.ua squeeze Release.gpg [835B] Get:2 http://debian.org.ua squeeze Release [89.5kB] Get:3 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main Packages/DiffIndex [2038B] Get:4 http://security.debian.org testing/updates Release.gpg [835B] Get:5 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/contrib Packages/DiffIndex [2023B] Get:6 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/non-free Packages/DiffIndex [2023B] Get:7 http://security.debian.org testing/updates Release [44.6kB] Get:8 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/main Packages [6440kB] Ign http://security.debian.org testing/updates/main Packages/DiffIndex Hit http://security.debian.org testing/updates/main Packages Get:9 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/contrib Packages [53.6kB] Get:10 http://debian.org.ua squeeze/non-free Packages [105kB] Fetched 6740kB in 9s (737kB/s) Reading package lists... Done |
$sudo apt-get install iceweasel
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libatk1.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libmozjs2d libsqlite3-0 xulrunner-1.9.1 Suggested packages: ttf-lyx latex-xft-fonts xfonts-mathml ttf-mathematica4.1 xprint mozplugger The following NEW packages will be installed: iceweasel libmozjs2d xulrunner-1.9.1 The following packages will be upgraded: ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ... Setting up libsqlite3-0 (3.6.23.1-2) ... Setting up libglib2.0-0 (2.24.0-1) ... Setting up libatk1.0-0 (1.30.0-1) ... Setting up libmozjs2d (1.9.1.9-7) ... Setting up xulrunner-1.9.1 (1.9.1.9-7) ... Setting up iceweasel (3.5.9-3) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/iceweasel to provide /usr/bin/x-www-browser (x-www-browser) in auto mode. update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/iceweasel to provide /usr/bin/gnome-www-browser (gnome-www-browser) in auto mode. Processing triggers for menu ... |
$LANG=C
|
$info
|
$File: coreutils.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir)
PASSWD(1) User Commands PASSWD(1) NAME passwd - change user password SYNOPSIS passwd [options] [LOGIN] DESCRIPTION The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only change the password for his/her own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. passwd also changes the account or associated password validity period. ... superuser may change the password for any account. passwd also changes the account or associated password validity period. Password Changes The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed. After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this |
$apropos passwd
chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode fgetpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd passwd (1) - change user password passwd (5) - the password file passwd2des (3) - RFS password encryption update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group vnc4passwd (1) - change a VNC password vncpasswd (1) - change a VNC password |
$apropos user | ls
|
$apropos user | less
|
$apropos user | egrep -i "add|remove|delete|modify|change"
adduser.conf (5) - configuration file for adduser(8) and addgroup(8) . addgroup (8) - add a user or group to the system adduser (8) - add a user or group to the system chage (1) - change user password expiry information chfn (1) - change real user name and information delgroup (8) - remove a user or group from the system deluser (8) - remove a user or group from the system pam_issue (8) - PAM module to add issue file to user prompt passwd (1) - change user password su (1) - change user ID or become superuser ucf (1) - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in co... useradd (8) - create a new user or update default new user information userdel (8) - delete a user account and related files usermod (8) - modify a user account |
$apropos user | egrep -i "add|remove|delete|modify|change"
adduser.conf (5) - configuration file for adduser(8) and addgroup(8) . addgroup (8) - add a user or group to the system adduser (8) - add a user or group to the system chage (1) - change user password expiry information chfn (1) - change real user name and information delgroup (8) - remove a user or group from the system deluser (8) - remove a user or group from the system pam_issue (8) - PAM module to add issue file to user prompt passwd (1) - change user password su (1) - change user ID or become superuser ucf (1) - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in co... useradd (8) - create a new user or update default new user information userdel (8) - delete a user account and related files usermod (8) - modify a user account |
$id
uid=1000(user) gid=1000(user) groups=1000(user) |
$apropos user | egrep -i "add|remove|delete|modify|change"^C
|
$apropos user
adduser.conf (5) - configuration file for adduser(8) and addgroup(8) . deluser.conf (5) - configuration file for deluser(8) and delgroup(8) . HEAD (1p) - Simple command line user agent access (2) - check real user's permissions for a file addgroup (8) - add a user or group to the system adduser (8) - add a user or group to the system arpd (8) - userspace arp daemon. bsd-write (1) - send a message to another user chage (1) - change user password expiry information chfn (1) - change real user name and information ... usermod (8) - modify a user account users (1) - print the user names of users currently logged in to t... vmsplice (2) - splice user pages into a pipe wall (1) - write a message to users whoami (1) - print effective userid write (1) - send a message to another user xkbbell (1) - XKB extension user utility xkbvleds (1) - XKB extension user utility xkbwatch (1) - XKB extension user utility xset (1) - user preference utility for X |
$apropos user | wc -l
122 |
$man -k user | wc -l
122 |
$man -k user | wc -c
7357 |
$whatis intro
intro (1) - Introduction to user commands intro (6) - Introduction to games intro (2) - Introduction to system calls intro (3) - Introduction to library functions intro (7) - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany ... intro (8) - Introduction to administration and privileged commands intro (4) - Introduction to special files intro (5) - Introduction to file formats |
$whatis passwd
passwd (1) - change user password passwd (5) - the password file |
$vim /etc/passwd
|
$sshd:x:103:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
|
$whatis passwd
passwd (1) - change user password passwd (5) - the password file |
$man passwd
|
$man 5 passwd
|
$man passwd.conf
|
$man passwd 5
|
$man passwd useradd
|
$man 5 passwd
|
$man -a passwd
|
$man -a passwd
|
$ls -l /usr/share/man
total 236 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 cs drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 de drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Apr 12 21:43 es drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 12 21:43 fi drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Apr 12 21:53 fr drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 12 21:43 gl drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 hu drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Apr 12 21:43 id drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 it ... drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 12 21:43 man6 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 12 21:54 man7 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 20480 Apr 12 22:08 man8 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 pl drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 pt_BR drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 ru drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 sv drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 tr drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 zh_CN drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 24 2009 zh_TW |
$ls -l /usr/share/man/man5/
total 664 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2524 Mar 11 00:48 Compose.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4973 Mar 14 21:49 Xsession.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1596 Mar 14 21:49 Xsession.options.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1781 Mar 14 21:49 Xwrapper.config.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2237 Feb 18 10:40 access.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2454 Mar 2 20:25 acct.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2070 Dec 23 16:11 adduser.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12545 Feb 1 19:54 apt.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5309 Feb 1 19:54 apt_preferences.5.gz ... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5829 Mar 2 20:26 termcap.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32598 Apr 3 22:58 terminfo.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1832 Feb 18 10:40 time.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2228 Mar 25 2009 ts.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1782 Mar 2 20:43 tzfile.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1978 May 30 2008 ucf.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4750 Mar 2 20:43 utmp.5.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 12 21:43 utmpx.5.gz -> utmp.5.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 12 21:43 wtmp.5.gz -> utmp.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18436 Mar 23 22:13 xorg.conf.5.gz |
$zcat /usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz
.\" shorthand for double quote that works everywhere. .ds q \N'34' .TH xorg.conf 5 "xorg-server 1.7.6" "X Version 11" .SH NAME xorg.conf \- configuration File for Xorg X server .SH INTRODUCTION .B Xorg supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration and run-time parameters: command line options, environment variables, the xorg.conf configuration file, auto-detection, and fallback defaults. ... .PP Other modules and interfaces: .BR exa (4), .BR fbdevhw (4), .\" .BR shadowfb (4), .BR v4l (4). .br .SH AUTHORS This manual page was largely rewritten by David Dawes .IR <dawes@xfree86.org> . |
$man 5 xorg.conf
|
$ssh 192.168.16.23
Password: Last login: Mon May 17 11:24:41 2010 from debian4.net.nt Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section for your release first as it's updated frequently. ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=22154; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
$PAGER=more man 5 xorg.conf
xorg.conf(5) xorg.conf(5) NAME xorg.conf - configuration File for Xorg X server INTRODUCTION Xorg supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration and run-time parameters: command line options, environment variables, the xorg.conf configuration file, auto-detection, and fallback defaults. When the same information is supplied in more than one way, the highest precedence mechanism is used. The list of mechanisms is ordered from highest precedence to lowest. Note that not all parame- ... Option "RightOf" "output" This optional entry specifies that the monitor should be posi- tioned to the right of the output (not monitor) of the given name. (RandR 1.2-supporting drivers only) Option "Above" "output" This optional entry specifies that the monitor should be posi- tioned above the output (not monitor) of the given name. (RandR 1.2-supporting drivers only) /see\ also Pattern not found |
$PAGER=more man 5 xorg.conf
xorg.conf(5) xorg.conf(5) NAME xorg.conf - configuration File for Xorg X server INTRODUCTION Xorg supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration and run-time parameters: command line options, environment variables, the xorg.conf configuration file, auto-detection, and fallback defaults. When the same information is supplied in more than one way, the highest precedence mechanism is used. The list of mechanisms is ordered from highest precedence to lowest. Note that not all parame- ... The visual type available for the depths 15, 16 and 24 are (default is TrueColor): TrueColor DirectColor Not all drivers support DirectColor at these depths. The visual types available for the depth 4 are (default is Stat- icColor): StaticGray / Pattern not found |
$PAGER=cat man 5 xorg.conf
xorg.conf(5) xorg.conf(5) NAME xorg.conf - configuration File for Xorg X server INTRODUCTION Xorg supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration and run-time parameters: command line options, environment variables, the xorg.conf configuration file, auto-detection, and fallback defaults. When the same information is supplied in more than one way, the highest precedence mechanism is used. The list of mechanisms is ordered from highest precedence to lowest. Note that not all parame- ... Input drivers: acecad(4), calcomp(4), citron(4), dmc(4), dynapro(4), elographics(4), evdev(4), fpit(4), js_x(4), joystick(4), kbd(4), magic- touch(4), microtouch(4), mousedrv(4), mutouch(4), palmax(4), pen- mount(4), synaptics(4), tek4957(4), ur98(4), vmmouse(4), void(4), wacom(4). Other modules and interfaces: exa(4), fbdevhw(4), v4l(4). AUTHORS This manual page was largely rewritten by David Dawes <dawes@xfree86.org>. X Version 11 xorg-server 1.7.6 xorg.conf(5) |
$man -Tps passwd
|
$man bash
|
$ssh 192.168.16.23
Password: Last login: Mon May 17 11:41:25 2010 from debian4.net.nt Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section for your release first as it's updated frequently. ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=22154; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
$watch
watch: snp module not available: Operation not permitted watch: open /dev/snp0: No such file or directory |
$ssh 192.168.16.23 -X
Password: Last login: Mon May 17 11:30:29 2010 from debian4.net.nt Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section for your release first as it's updated frequently. ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=22154; pidfile=/home/user/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
$cd doc/
|
$ls
IPv6 handbook psd atm hu pt_BR bind9 hu_HU.ISO8859-2 pt_BR.ISO8859-1 bn_BD.ISO10646-1 it ru da_DK.ISO8859-1 it_IT.ISO8859-15 ru_RU.KOI8-R de ja smm de_DE.ISO8859-1 ja_JP.eucJP sr el mn sr_YU.ISO8859-2 el_GR.ISO8859-7 mn_MN.UTF-8 tr en ncurses tr_TR.ISO8859-9 en_US.ISO8859-1 nl usd es nl_NL.ISO8859-1 zh_CN es_ES.ISO8859-1 ntp zh_CN.GB2312 faq papers zh_TW fr pl zh_TW.Big5 fr_FR.ISO8859-1 pl_PL.ISO8859-2 |
$ls en/
articles books |
$display
bash: display: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ |
$find . -name handbook -a -type d
./doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook ./doc/de_DE.ISO8859-1/books/handbook ./doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook ./doc/es_ES.ISO8859-1/books/handbook ./doc/fr_FR.ISO8859-1/books/handbook ./doc/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/handbook ./doc/ja_JP.eucJP/books/handbook ./doc/mn_MN.UTF-8/books/handbook ./doc/nl_NL.ISO8859-1/books/handbook ./doc/pl_PL.ISO8859-2/books/handbook ./doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook ./doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook ./doc/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook |
$ls en/books/
arch-handbook developers-handbook pmake corp-net-guide faq porters-handbook design-44bsd fdp-primer dev-model handbook |
$ls en/books/handbook/
LEGALNOTICE.html linuxemu.html acpi-debug.html mac-biba.html acpi-overview.html mac-bsdextended.html adding-swap-space.html mac-ifoff.html advanced-networking mac-implementing.html advanced-networking.html mac-initial.html anoncvs.html mac-inline-glossary.html appendices.html mac-lomac.html audit-administration.html mac-mls.html audit-config.html mac-modules.html ... l10n-basics.html virtualization-host.html l10n-compiling.html virtualization.html l10n.html x-config.html lang-setup.html x-fonts.html linuxemu-advanced.html x-install.html linuxemu-lbc-install.html x-understanding.html linuxemu-maple.html x-xdm.html linuxemu-mathematica.html x11-wm.html linuxemu-matlab.html x11.html linuxemu-oracle.html |
$ls en/books/handbook/index.html
en/books/handbook/index.html |
$find . -name handbook -a -type d
|
$w3,m
bash: w3,m: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ |
$w3m
bash: w3m: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ |
$lynx
|
$exit
exit Connection to 192.168.16.23 closed. |
$cd /usr/share/doc/en/books/handbook/
|
$date
Mon May 17 08:36:44 UTC 2010 |
$ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
l3script: ntpdate: command not found |
$sudo apt-get install ntpdate
[sudo] password for user: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: liblockfile1 lockfile-progs The following NEW packages will be installed: liblockfile1 lockfile-progs ntpdate 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 291 not upgraded. Need to get 103kB of archives. ... (Reading database ... 54404 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking liblockfile1 (from .../liblockfile1_1.08-4_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package lockfile-progs. Unpacking lockfile-progs (from .../lockfile-progs_0.1.13_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ntpdate. Unpacking ntpdate (from .../ntpdate_1%3a4.2.6+dfsg-1_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up liblockfile1 (1.08-4) ... Setting up lockfile-progs (0.1.13) ... Setting up ntpdate (1:4.2.6+dfsg-1) ... |
$ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
l3script: ntpdate: command not found |
$ntfs
ntfs-3g ntfs-3g.usermap ntfscmp ntfsls ntfs-3g.probe ntfscat ntfsfix ntfsmount ntfs-3g.secaudit ntfscluster ntfsinfo |
$sudo ^C
|
$ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
l3script: ntpdate: command not found |
$sudo ntpdate ntp.psn.ru
17 May 08:38:17 ntpdate[3633]: step time server 194.149.67.130 offset 43.238610 sec |
$ls
LEGALNOTICE.html linuxemu.html acpi-debug.html mac-biba.html acpi-overview.html mac-bsdextended.html adding-swap-space.html mac-ifoff.html advanced-networking mac-implementing.html advanced-networking.html mac-initial.html anoncvs.html mac-inline-glossary.html appendices.html mac-lomac.html audit-administration.html mac-mls.html audit-config.html mac-modules.html ... l10n-basics.html virtualization-host.html l10n-compiling.html virtualization.html l10n.html x-config.html lang-setup.html x-fonts.html linuxemu-advanced.html x-install.html linuxemu-lbc-install.html x-understanding.html linuxemu-maple.html x-xdm.html linuxemu-mathematica.html x11-wm.html linuxemu-matlab.html x11.html linuxemu-oracle.html |
$firefox index.html
|
$date
Mon May 17 08:38:20 UTC 2010 |
$tzselect
Please identify a location so that time zone rules can be set correctly. Please select a continent or ocean. 1) Africa 2) Americas 3) Antarctica 4) Arctic Ocean 5) Asia 6) Atlantic Ocean 7) Australia 8) Europe ... Is the above information OK? 1) Yes 2) No #? 1 You can make this change permanent for yourself by appending the line TZ='Europe/Kiev'; export TZ to the file '.profile' in your home directory; then log out and log in again. Here is that TZ value again, this time on standard output so that you can use the /usr/bin/tzselect command in shell scripts: Europe/Kiev |
$date
Mon May 17 08:38:47 UTC 2010 |
$TZ='Europe/Kiev'; export TZ
|
$date
Mon May 17 11:38:52 EEST 2010 |
$vim .bashrc
--- /tmp/l3-saved-2792.73.28659 2010-05-17 11:39:05.000000000 +0300 +++ .bashrc 2010-05-17 11:39:20.000000000 +0300 @@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ # enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable # this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile # sources /etc/bash.bashrc). +TZ='Europe/Kiev'; export TZ if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then . /etc/bash_completion fi |
$. .bashrc
|
$date
Mon May 17 11:39:28 EEST 2010 |
Время первой команды журнала | 09:14:07 2010- 5-17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 10:39:21 2010- 5-17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 10.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 10.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 1.17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008