/l3/users/bas/2011-03/linux3.unix.bas/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 |
|
#ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:18:CA:E8:DC inet addr:192.168.15.3 Bcast:192.168.15.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::226:18ff:feca:e8dc/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14989 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12457 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:12013211 (11.4 MiB) TX bytes:927330 (905.5 KiB) Interrupt:66 Memory:feac0000-feb00000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:15:48:76:AD ... RX packets:1073 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1073 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1814255 (1.7 MiB) TX bytes:1814255 (1.7 MiB) sit0 Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4 NOARP MTU:1480 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) |
#sysconfig
![]() bash: sysconfig: command not found |
#shutdown -r now
|
#ssh user@192.168.15.253
/dev/pts/9 user@book:~$ kill 2731 user@book:~$ user@book:~$ user@book:~$ screen -ls There is a screen on: 2090.pts-7.book (04/01/2011 02:06:24 PM) (Attached) 1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-user. user@book:~$ ssh root@192.168.15.2 root@192.168.15.2's password: Last login: Fri Apr 1 14:10:08 2011 from linux253.unix.bas |
#~
#boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu password --md5 Password: root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet 14,1 Top |
#~
# NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1 # initrd /boot/initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet splashiminitrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img "/boot/grub/menu.lst" 18L, 648C hiddenmenu password --md5 $1$NR.020$wtoXjEDdwKGWr6jOAO9F60 title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5) |
#vim /etc/inittab
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3323.13949.27965 2011-04-01 14:43:48.000000000 +0600 +++ /etc/inittab 2011-04-01 14:46:11.000000000 +0600 @@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 3 l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 4 l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 5 -l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 6 - +l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc # Trap CTRL-ALT-DELETE ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now @@ -48,6 +47,6 @@ 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6 - +9:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty9 # Run xdm in runlevel 5 x:5:respawn:/etc/X11/prefdm -nodaemon |
#vim /etc/inittab
|
#vim /etc/inittab
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3785.5514.11183 2011-04-01 14:51:14.000000000 +0600 +++ /etc/inittab 2011-04-01 14:53:15.000000000 +0600 @@ -47,6 +47,6 @@ 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6 -9:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty9 + # Run xdm in runlevel 5 x:5:respawn:/etc/X11/prefdm -nodaemon |
#chkconfig --list nfs
nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
#service nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] |
#/etc/init.d/nfs stop
Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ] Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ] Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ] Shutting down NFS services: [FAILED] |
#chkconfig --list nfs
nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
#chkconfig --list nfs
nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
#chkconfig --list nfs
nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
#ntsysv
![]() â â â â â â â â â â â âââââââ â â âââââââ â âââ âââ âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ Press <F1> for more information on a service. |
#rpm --import ../RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
![]() error: ../RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5: import read failed(-1). |
#rpm --import ../RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
![]() error: ../RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5: import read failed(-1). |
#rpm --import ../RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
![]() error: ../RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5: import read failed(-1). |
#yum list games
![]() Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Error: No matching Packages to list |
#yum install mc
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mc.x86_64 1:4.6.1a-35.el5 set to be updated ... Is this ok [y/N]: y Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : mc 1/1 Installed: mc.x86_64 1:4.6.1a-35.el5 Complete! |
#rpm --import rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
![]() error: rpm: import read failed(-1). |
#rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
|
#rpm -i rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
![]() error: open of rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm failed: No such file or directory |
#man RHN
![]() |
#yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz repo id repo name status addons CentOS-5 - Addons enabled: 0 base CentOS-5 - Base enabled: 3,434 extras CentOS-5 - Extras enabled: 296 rpmforge RHEL 5 - RPMforge.net - dag enabled: 10,446 updates CentOS-5 - Updates enabled: 1,137 repolist: 15,313 |
#yum install qume
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Setting up Install Process No package qume available. Nothing to do |
#yum install qume
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Setting up Install Process No package qume available. Nothing to do |
#yum install qemu
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ... Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 4 Package(s) Upgrade 0 Package(s) Total download size: 21 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/4): xz-libs-4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el5.x86_64.r | 95 kB 00:00 (2/4): e4fsprogs-libs-1.41.9-3.el5.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00 (3/4): xen-libs-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5.x86_64.rpm | 156 kB 00:00 |
##dd if=/dev/zero of=disk1.img count=1200 bs-1024k
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root |
#ls -l disk1.img
![]() ls: disk1.img: No such file or directory |
#gemu -hda disk1.img -cdrom /dev/cdrom
![]() bash: gemu: command not found |
#qemu -hda disk1.img -cdrom /dev/cdrom
![]() qemu: could not open disk image disk1.img: No such file or directory |
#xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host |
#qemu -hda disk1.img -cdrom /dev/cdrom
![]() qemu: could not open disk image disk1.img: No such file or directory |
#qemu -cdrom /dev/cdrom
|
#qemu -cdrom /dev/cdrom
|
#/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
open /dev/kvm: No such file or directory Could not initialize KVM, will disable KVM support QEMU PC emulator version 0.9.1 (kvm-83-maint-snapshot-20090205), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard usage: qemu [options] [disk_image] 'disk_image' is a raw hard image image for IDE hard disk 0 Standard options: -M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list) -cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list) -fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image -hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image ... -clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers are available use -clock ? -startdate select initial date of the clock -icount [N|auto] Enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per instruction During emulation, the following keys are useful: ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n' ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help. |
#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 4.9G 482M 4.2G 11% / /dev/sda6 2.0G 77M 1.8G 5% /tmp /dev/sda3 9.7G 247M 9.0G 3% /var /dev/sda2 20G 2.6G 16G 15% /usr tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm |
#ls -l
total 152 drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 28 16:26 a -rw------- 1 root root 989 Mar 27 17:44 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 29 17:22 a_reports drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Mar 30 09:35 backups drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 30 09:32 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37 Mar 30 16:16 cats drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 29 17:24 december drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 1 14:02 Desktop drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 28 16:09 DIR ... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 29 17:20 report_nov_c_2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 29 17:20 report_nov_c_3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 29 17:20 report_oct_c_1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 29 17:20 report_oct_c_2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 29 17:20 report_oct_c_3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 29 17:20 report_sep_c_1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 29 17:20 report_sep_c_2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 29 17:20 report_sep_c_3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 228 Mar 27 19:26 scsrun.log drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 29 17:26 september |
#ls -l /home/user/winda.iso
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 1064288256 Apr 2 11:19 /home/user/winda.iso |
#ls -l /home/user/winda.iso
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 1064288256 Apr 2 11:19 /home/user/winda.iso |
#ls -l /home/user/winda.iso
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 1064288256 Apr 2 11:19 /home/user/winda.iso |
#ls -l /home/user/winda.iso
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 1064288256 Apr 2 11:19 /home/user/winda.iso |
#ls -l /home/user/winda.iso
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 1064288256 Apr 2 11:19 /home/user/winda.iso |
#ps aux | grep cat
user 3031 0.0 0.1 240752 6768 ? S 09:37 0:00 /usr/libexec/notification-area-applet --oaf-activate-iid=OAFIID:GNOME_NotificationAreaApplet_Factory --oaf-ior-fd=22 user 3068 0.0 0.2 194212 9324 ? S 09:37 0:00 /usr/libexec/notification-daemon root 6016 0.0 0.0 61148 716 pts/7 R+ 11:22 0:00 grep cat |
#date
Sat Apr 2 11:22:15 ALMT 2011 |
#cat /dev/cdrom
![]() cdrom cdrom-sr0 |
#cat /dev/cdrom > /home/user/winda1.iso
![]() cat: write error: No space left on device |
#rm /home/user/winda1.iso /home/user/winda.iso
rm: remove regular file `/home/user/winda1.iso'? y rm: remove regular file `/home/user/winda.iso'? y |
#setxkbmap -option "grp : ctrl_shift_toggle, grp_led : scroll
setxkbmap -option "grp : ctrl_shift_toggle, grp_led : scroll " l |
#yum list squid
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Available Packages squid.x86_64 7:2.6.STABLE21-6.el5 base |
#lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset DRAM Controller (rev 03) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 01) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 01) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01) 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01) 00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 01) 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) IDE Controller (rev 01) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family SATA IDE Controller (rev 01) 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Controller (rev b0) 03:01.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4318 [AirForce One 54g] 802.11g Wireless LAN Controller (rev 02) |
#lspci -n
00:00.0 0600: 8086:2e30 (rev 03) 00:02.0 0300: 8086:2e32 (rev 03) 00:02.1 0380: 8086:2e33 (rev 03) 00:1b.0 0403: 8086:27d8 (rev 01) 00:1c.0 0604: 8086:27d0 (rev 01) 00:1c.1 0604: 8086:27d2 (rev 01) 00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:27c8 (rev 01) 00:1d.1 0c03: 8086:27c9 (rev 01) 00:1d.2 0c03: 8086:27ca (rev 01) 00:1d.3 0c03: 8086:27cb (rev 01) 00:1d.7 0c03: 8086:27cc (rev 01) 00:1e.0 0604: 8086:244e (rev e1) 00:1f.0 0601: 8086:27b8 (rev 01) 00:1f.1 0101: 8086:27df (rev 01) 00:1f.2 0101: 8086:27c0 (rev 01) 01:00.0 0200: 1969:1026 (rev b0) 03:01.0 0280: 14e4:4318 (rev 02) |
#grep 14e4.*4318 /lib/modules/`uname -r`/*pcimap*
bcm43xx 0x000014e4 0x00004318 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x0 |
#ifconfig -a | less
|
#modprobe -r bcm43xx
|
#modprobe bcm43xx
|
#ifconfig -a | less
|
#dd if=/dev/zero of=disk1.img count=1200 bs=1024k
1200+0 records in 1200+0 records out 1258291200 bytes (1.3 GB) copied, 2.00335 seconds, 628 MB/s |
#yum install squid
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ... Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : perl-URI 1/2 Installing : squid 2/2 Installed: squid.x86_64 7:2.6.STABLE21-6.el5 Dependency Installed: perl-URI.noarch 0:1.35-3 Complete! |
#yum install squid
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Setting up Install Process Package 7:squid-2.6.STABLE21-6.el5.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do |
#rpm -ql squid | grep ldap
/usr/lib64/squid/squid_ldap_auth /usr/lib64/squid/squid_ldap_group /usr/share/man/man8/squid_ldap_auth.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/squid_ldap_group.8.gz |
#yum install squid
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Setting up Install Process Package 7:squid-2.6.STABLE21-6.el5.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do |
#vi /etc/squid/squid.conf
|
#find /proc/sys | less
|
#sysctl -a | less
|
#sysctl -a | less
|
#sysctl -a | grep forw
net.ipv6.conf.eth0.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 |
#sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 |
#sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 |
#less /etc/sysctl.conf
|
#sysctl kernel.pid_max=327680
kernel.pid_max = 327680 |
#while /bin/true; do /bin/true ; done
![]() |
#ps
PID TTY TIME CMD 6507 pts/7 00:00:00 bash 13411 pts/7 00:00:00 ps |
#while /bin/true; do /bin/true ; done
|
#while /bin/true; do /bin/true ; done
|
#while /bin/true; do /bin/true ; done
![]() |
#while /bin/true; do /bin/true ; done
|
#while /bin/true; do /bin/true ; done
|
#ls -l /dev/
total 0 crw------- 1 user audio 14, 12 Apr 2 09:36 adsp crw------- 1 root root 10, 175 Apr 2 09:36 agpgart crw------- 1 user audio 14, 4 Apr 2 09:36 audio crw------- 1 root root 10, 62 Apr 2 09:37 autofs drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 60 Apr 2 09:36 bus lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Apr 2 09:36 cdrom -> scd0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Apr 2 09:36 cdrom-sr0 -> scd0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Apr 2 09:36 cdrw -> scd0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Apr 2 09:36 cdrw-sr0 -> scd0 ... crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 128 Apr 2 09:36 vcsa crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 129 Apr 2 09:37 vcsa1 crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 130 Apr 2 09:37 vcsa2 crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 131 Apr 2 09:37 vcsa3 crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 132 Apr 2 09:37 vcsa4 crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 133 Apr 2 09:37 vcsa5 crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 134 Apr 2 09:37 vcsa6 crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 135 Apr 2 09:37 vcsa7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Apr 2 09:36 X0R -> null crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 Apr 2 09:36 zero |
#ls -l /dev/sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 Apr 2 2011 /dev/sda |
#mknod /tmp/sda
![]() mknod: missing operand after `/tmp/sda' Try `mknod --help' for more information. |
#mknod b 8 0 /tmp/sda
![]() mknod: invalid device type `8' Try `mknod --help' for more information. |
#mknod /tmp/sda b 8 0
|
#ls -l /tmp/sda
brw-r--r-- 1 root root 8, 0 Apr 2 12:38 /tmp/sda |
#fdisk -l /tmp/sda
Disk /tmp/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 224 heads, 19 sectors/track, 229504 cylinders Units = cylinders of 4256 * 512 = 2179072 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /tmp/sda1 * 1 2464 5243382+ 83 Linux /tmp/sda2 2465 12319 20971440 83 Linux /tmp/sda3 12320 17247 10486784 83 Linux /tmp/sda4 17248 229504 451682896 5 Extended /tmp/sda5 17248 19711 5243382+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /tmp/sda6 19712 20697 2098198+ 83 Linux |
#rm /dev/sda
rm: remove block special file `/dev/sda'? y |
#mknod /dev/sda b 8 0
|
#ls -l /dev/sda
brw-r--r-- 1 root root 8, 0 Apr 2 12:39 /dev/sda |
#ls -l /dev/sda1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1 Apr 2 09:36 /dev/sda1 |
#chmod 640 /dev/sda
|
#yum list e2tool
![]() Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Error: No matching Packages to list |
#yum list e2
![]() Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.neolabs.kz * base: mirror.neolabs.kz * extras: mirror.neolabs.kz * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net * updates: mirror.neolabs.kz Error: No matching Packages to list |
cdrom cdrom-sr0
Время первой команды журнала | 08:14:39 2011- 4- 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 08:40:57 2011- 4- 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 20.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 2.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 4.29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому момент