/l3/users/10-09-2007/nt-bsdnet/fbsd3.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :29 :30 :31 :32 :33 :34 :35 :36
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Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Среда (09/12/07)

/dev/ttypg
15:45:45
#pfctl -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
no IP address found for xl0:192.168.30.0/24
frw.conf:14: could not parse host specification
frw.conf:14: macro '' not defined
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:45:45
#pfctl -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
no IP address found for xl0:192.168.30.0/24
frw.conf:14: could not parse host specification
frw.conf:14: macro '' not defined
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:45:46
#vim frw.conf 
14c14
< nat on em0 inet from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> $(em0)
---
> nat on em0 from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> em0
15:45:46
#vim frw.conf 
14c14
< nat on em0 inet from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> $(em0)
---
> nat on em0 from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> em0
15:45:46
#vim frw.conf
14c14
< nat on em0 inet from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> $(em0)
---
> nat on em0 from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> em0
15:46:26
#pfctl -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
no IP address found for xl0:192.168.30.0/24
frw.conf:14: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:46:26
#pfctl -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
no IP address found for xl0:192.168.30.0/24
frw.conf:14: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:46:26
#pfctl -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
no IP address found for xl0:192.168.30.0/24
frw.conf:14: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:46:28
#ls /var/log/ 
Xorg.0.log              maillog                 sendmail.st.0
Xorg.0.log.old          maillog.0.bz2           sendmail.st.1
auth.log                messages                servicelog
cron                    messages.0.bz2          setuid.today
cron.0.bz2              mount.today             slip.log
debug.log               pf.today                userlog
dmesg.today             ppp.log                 wtmp
gdm                     scrollkeeper.log        xferlog
lastlog                 security
lpd-errs                sendmail.st
15:46:28
#ls /var/log/ 
Xorg.0.log              maillog                 sendmail.st.0
Xorg.0.log.old          maillog.0.bz2           sendmail.st.1
auth.log                messages                servicelog
cron                    messages.0.bz2          setuid.today
cron.0.bz2              mount.today             slip.log
debug.log               pf.today                userlog
dmesg.today             ppp.log                 wtmp
gdm                     scrollkeeper.log        xferlog
lastlog                 security
lpd-errs                sendmail.st
15:46:28
#ls /var/log/
Xorg.0.log              maillog                 sendmail.st.0
Xorg.0.log.old          maillog.0.bz2           sendmail.st.1
auth.log                messages                servicelog
cron                    messages.0.bz2          setuid.today
cron.0.bz2              mount.today             slip.log
debug.log               pf.today                userlog
dmesg.today             ppp.log                 wtmp
gdm                     scrollkeeper.log        xferlog
lastlog                 security
lpd-errs                sendmail.st
15:46:34
#less /var/log/pf.today
15:46:34
#less /var/log/pf.today
15:46:34
#less /var/log/pf.today
15:46:45
#less /var/log/messages
15:46:45
#less /var/log/messages
15:46:45
#less /var/log/messages
15:46:59
#vim frw.conf 
2a3,6
> int_if = "xl0"
> ext_if = "em0"
> net = "192.168.30.0/24"
> 
14c18
< nat on em0 from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> em0
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:$net to any -> ($ext_if)
15:46:59
#vim frw.conf 
2a3,6
> int_if = "xl0"
> ext_if = "em0"
> net = "192.168.30.0/24"
> 
14c18
< nat on em0 from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> em0
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:$net to any -> ($ext_if)
15:46:59
#vim frw.conf
2a3,6
> int_if = "xl0"
> ext_if = "em0"
> net = "192.168.30.0/24"
> 
14c18
< nat on em0 from xl0:192.168.30.0/24 to any -> em0
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:$net to any -> ($ext_if)
15:49:08
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
no IP address found for xl0:$net
frw.conf:18: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:49:08
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
no IP address found for xl0:$net
frw.conf:18: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:49:08
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
no IP address found for xl0:$net
frw.conf:18: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:49:14
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:$net to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if to any -> ($ext_if)
15:49:14
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:$net to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if to any -> ($ext_if)
15:49:14
#vim frw.conf
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:$net to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if to any -> ($ext_if)
15:49:29
#pfctl -v -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
Loaded 348 passive OS fingerprints
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
@0 block drop in all
@1 block drop out all
@2 pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed:0> keep state
@3 pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed:0> to any keep state
@4 pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
@5 pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
@6 pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed:0> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
@7 pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
@8 pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
@9 pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
warning: macro 'net' not used
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:49:29
#pfctl -v -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
Loaded 348 passive OS fingerprints
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
@0 block drop in all
@1 block drop out all
@2 pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed:0> keep state
@3 pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed:0> to any keep state
@4 pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
@5 pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
@6 pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed:0> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
@7 pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
@8 pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
@9 pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
warning: macro 'net' not used
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:49:29
#pfctl -v -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
Loaded 348 passive OS fingerprints
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
@0 block drop in all
@1 block drop out all
@2 pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed:0> keep state
@3 pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed:0> to any keep state
@4 pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
@5 pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
@6 pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed:0> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
@7 pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
@8 pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
@9 pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
warning: macro 'net' not used
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:49:32
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:192.168.30.2/32 to any -> ($ext_if)
15:49:32
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:192.168.30.2/32 to any -> ($ext_if)
15:49:32
#vim frw.conf
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:192.168.30.2/32 to any -> ($ext_if)
15:50:28
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
no IP address found for xl0:192.168.30.2/32
frw.conf:18: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:50:28
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
no IP address found for xl0:192.168.30.2/32
frw.conf:18: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:50:28
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
no IP address found for xl0:192.168.30.2/32
frw.conf:18: could not parse host specification
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:50:33
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:192.168.30.2/32 to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $net to any -> ($ext_if)
15:50:33
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:192.168.30.2/32 to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $net to any -> ($ext_if)
15:50:33
#vim frw.conf
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:192.168.30.2/32 to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $net to any -> ($ext_if)
15:51:40
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:51:40
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:51:40
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:51:42
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $net to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if inet from 192.168.30.2/32 to any -> $ext_if
15:51:42
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $net to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if inet from 192.168.30.2/32 to any -> $ext_if
15:51:42
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $net to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if inet from 192.168.30.2/32 to any -> $ext_if
15:51:42
#vim frw.conf
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $net to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if inet from 192.168.30.2/32 to any -> $ext_if
15:52:31
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:52:31
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:52:31
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:52:31
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:52:35
#vim frw.conf
15:52:35
#vim frw.conf
15:52:35
#vim frw.conf
15:53:02
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:53:02
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:53:02
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:53:04
#vim /usr/share/examples/pf/faq-example1
15:53:04
#vim /usr/share/examples/pf/faq-example1
15:53:04
#vim /usr/share/examples/pf/faq-example1
15:53:43
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if inet from $int_if:network to any -> $ext_if
---
> nat on $ext_if  from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
15:53:43
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if inet from $int_if:network to any -> $ext_if
---
> nat on $ext_if  from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
15:53:43
#vim frw.conf
18c18
< nat on $ext_if inet from $int_if:network to any -> $ext_if
---
> nat on $ext_if  from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
15:54:05
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:54:05
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:54:05
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:54:08
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if  from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
15:54:08
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if  from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
15:54:08
#vim frw.conf
18c18
< nat on $ext_if  from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
15:55:45
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:55:45
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:55:45
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:55:46
#vim frw.conf
15:55:46
#vim frw.conf
15:55:46
#vim frw.conf
15:56:16
#sysctl -a | grep forward 
kern.smp.forward_signal_enabled: 1
kern.smp.forward_roundrobin_enabled: 1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0
net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0
net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0
15:56:16
#sysctl -a | grep forward 
kern.smp.forward_signal_enabled: 1
kern.smp.forward_roundrobin_enabled: 1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0
net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0
net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0
15:56:16
#sysctl -a | grep forward
kern.smp.forward_signal_enabled: 1
kern.smp.forward_roundrobin_enabled: 1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0
net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0
net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0
15:56:24
#sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 -> 1
15:56:24
#sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 -> 1
15:56:24
#sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 -> 1
15:56:37
#sysctl -a | grep forward 
kern.smp.forward_signal_enabled: 1
kern.smp.forward_roundrobin_enabled: 1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 1
net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0
net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0
15:56:37
#sysctl -a | grep forward 
kern.smp.forward_signal_enabled: 1
kern.smp.forward_roundrobin_enabled: 1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 1
net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0
net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0
15:56:37
#sysctl -a | grep forward
kern.smp.forward_signal_enabled: 1
kern.smp.forward_roundrobin_enabled: 1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 1
net.inet.ip.fastforwarding: 0
net.inet6.ip6.forwarding: 0
15:56:39
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:56:39
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:56:39
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:56:44
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> 192.168.30.1/32
15:56:44
#vim frw.conf 
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> 192.168.30.1/32
15:56:44
#vim frw.conf
18c18
< nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)
---
> nat on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> 192.168.30.1/32
15:58:22
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:58:22
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:58:22
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:58:24
#vim frw.conf
15:58:24
#vim frw.conf
15:58:24
#vim frw.conf
15:58:24
#vim frw.conf
15:58:24
#vim frw.conf
15:59:37
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:59:37
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:59:37
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:59:37
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded
15:59:37
#pfctl -v -f frw.conf 
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
table <allowed> const file "/etc/myfriends"
int_if = "xl0"
ext_if = "em0"
net = "192.168.30.0/24"
block drop in all
block drop out all
pass out quick on em0 proto icmp from any to <allowed> keep state
pass in quick on em0 proto icmp from <allowed> to any keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto udp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = domain keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = http keep state
pass in quick on em0 inet proto tcp from <allowed> to 192.168.15.237 port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on em0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.15.237 to any port = ssh keep state
pass out quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
pass in quick on xl0 proto icmp all keep state
frw.conf:18: Rules must be in order: options, normalization, queueing, translation, filtering
pfctl: Syntax error in config file: pf rules not loaded

Статистика

Время первой команды журнала15:45:45 2007- 9-12
Время последней команды журнала15:59:37 2007- 9-12
Количество командных строк в журнале101
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, %40.59
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % 0.00
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час 0.23
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 7.28
Частота использования команд
vim42|=======================================| 39.25%
pfctl41|======================================| 38.32%
sysctl9|========| 8.41%
less6|=====| 5.61%
grep6|=====| 5.61%
ls3|==| 2.80%
____
*) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются

Справка

Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного: всё происходит само собой. Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:

  1. В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.

  2. Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.

  3. Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом: 
    $ l s-l
    bash: l: command not found

  4. Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом. 
    $ test 5 -lt 4
    Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой. Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

  5. Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом. 
    $ find / -name abc
    find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung
find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung
^C

  6. Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой. 
    # id
    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)

  7. Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены. 
    $ vi ~/.bashrc
    2a3,5
>    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
>         . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion
>        fi

  8. Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст: 
    $ patch ~/.bashrc
    В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc

  9. Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.

    Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.

  10. Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.

  11. Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора

  12. Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.

  13. Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.

  14. Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено: 

    $ whoami

    user

    $ #^ Интересно, кто я?
    в журнале это будет выглядеть так: 
    $ whoami

    user
    Интересно, кто я?

  15. Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом: 

    $ whoami

    user

    $ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?

    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
мы зарегистрировались в системе.
-
Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
в этом мире.
    В журнале это будет выглядеть так: 
    $ whoami
    user
    Интересно, кто я?
    Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
    мы зарегистрировались в системе.

    Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
    в этом мире.
    Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой используйте символ "-", один в строке.

  16. Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=

  17. Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале. Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat. Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, содержимое файла будет показано в журнале в специально отведённой для этого секции.

  18. Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал, нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot. После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое должно быть в журнале.

  19. Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке. Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах, в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения. 
    1
    2
3   
    4
    Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.


О программе

LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

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