/l3/users/10-09-2007/nt-bsdnet/fbsd3.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :29 :30 :31 :32 :33 :34 :35 :36 |
|
#less /usr/
|
#less /usr/
|
#less /usr/share/
|
#less /usr/share/examples/
|
#vim /etc/rc.conf
|
#netstat -nr
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.15 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.15.180 00:04:75:7f:23:26 UHLW 1 19 em0 1166 192.168.15.242 00:07:e9:3c:29:f9 UHLW 1 1 em0 1009 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#4 UHL lo0 ff01:4::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=653). lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet 192.168.15.22 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active Additional routing options:. |
#netstat -nr
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.15 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#4 UHL lo0 ff01:4::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#ifconfig -a
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet 192.168.15.22 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active xl0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=9<RXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> ether 00:04:76:a1:f0:5d media: Ethernet autoselect (none) status: no carrier plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#traceroute ya.ru
traceroute: Warning: ya.ru has multiple addresses; using 87.250.251.8 traceroute: findsaddr: write: No such process |
#traceroute nt.ua
traceroute: findsaddr: write: No such process |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
21c21 < defaultrauter="192.168.15.180" --- > defaultrouter="192.168.15.180" |
#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=653). lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet 192.168.15.22 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active add net default: gateway 192.168.15.180 Additional routing options:. |
#netstat -nr
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.15.180 UGS 0 14 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.15 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.15.180 00:04:75:7f:23:26 UHLW 2 1 em0 1199 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#4 UHL lo0 ff01:4::/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC lo0 |
#grep defaulr /etc/defaults/rc.conf
|
#grep defaulr*etc/defaults/rc.conf
# to change the default startup behavior of your system. You should # instead and you will be able to update these defaults later without # values set in this file. This eases the upgrade path when defaults # $FreeBSD: src/etc/defaults/rc.conf,v 1.252.2.28 2006/10/15 18:22:17 kris Exp $ pccard_conf="/etc/defaults/pccard.conf" # pccardd(8) config file geli_default_flags="" # Default flags for geli(8). ifconfig_lo0="inet 127.0.0.1" # default loopback device configuration. defaultrouter="NO" # Set to default gateway (or NO). ipv6_defaultrouter="NO" # Set to IPv6 default gateway (or NO). #ipv6_defaultrouter="2002:c058:6301::" # Use this for 6to4 (RFC 3068) ipv6_default_interface="NO" # Default output interface for scoped addrs. # IPv6 default router for local subnets. ip6addrctl_enable="NO" # Set to YES to enable default address selection keyboard="" # keyboard device to use (default /dev/kbd0). keychange="NO" # function keys default values (or NO). moused_nondefault_enable="YES" # Treat non-default mice as enabled unless mousechar_start="NO" # if 0xd0-0xd3 default range is occupied in your chkprintcap_flags="-d" # Create missing directories by default. devfs_rulesets="/etc/defaults/devfs.rules /etc/devfs.rules" # Files containing #jail_example_rootdir="/usr/jail/default" # Jail's root directory #jail_example_hostname="default.domain.com" # Jail's hostname |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
|
#/etc/netstart
devd already running? (pid=653). lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU> inet 192.168.15.22 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.15.255 ether 00:07:e9:3c:2c:15 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active add net default: gateway 192.168.15.180 Additional routing options:. |
#route -n
usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args] |
#netstat -rn -f inet
Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.15.180 UGS 0 5 em0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0 192.168.15 link#1 UC 0 0 em0 192.168.15.180 00:04:75:7f:23:26 UHLW 2 1 em0 1197 |
#ping 192.168.15.180
PING 192.168.15.180 (192.168.15.180): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.15.180: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.367 ms ^C --- 192.168.15.180 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.367/0.367/0.367/0.000 ms |
#ping ya.ru
PING ya.ru (213.180.204.8): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 213.180.204.8: icmp_seq=0 ttl=52 time=230.236 ms 64 bytes from 213.180.204.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=206.136 ms ^C --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 206.136/218.186/230.236/12.050 ms |
#ping 192.168.15.21
PING 192.168.15.21 (192.168.15.21): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.15.21: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.389 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.21: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.399 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.21: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.413 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.21: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.425 ms ^C --- 192.168.15.21 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.389/0.407/0.425/0.014 ms |
#ping 192.168.15.23
PING 192.168.15.23 (192.168.15.23): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.15.23: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.599 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.23: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.351 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.23: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.365 ms ^C --- 192.168.15.23 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.351/0.438/0.599/0.114 ms |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
10c10 < hostname="fbsd3.unix.nt" --- > hostname="taras.unix.nt" |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
10c10 < hostname="taras.unix.nt" --- > hostname="host1.taras.unix.nt" |
#hostname host1.taras.unix.nt
|
#hostname
host1.taras.unix.nt |
#host
host hostapd hostapd_cli hostname hoststat |
#/etc/rc.d/named restart
Stopping named. Starting named. |
#vim /etc/rc.conf
|
#pfctl -d
No ALTQ support in kernel ALTQ related functions disabled pf disabled |
#ls /etc/namedb
PROTO.localhost-v6.rev make-localhost named.root PROTO.localhost.rev master rndc.key dynamic named.conf slave |
#ll
bash: ll: command not found |
#alias ll='ls -l'
|
#ll/etc/namedb
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 21 Sep 13 11:28 /etc/namedb -> /var/named/etc/namedb |
#ll /etc/namedb/
total 22 -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 423 Jan 12 2007 PROTO.localhost-v6.rev -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 423 Jan 12 2007 PROTO.localhost.rev drwxr-xr-x 2 bind wheel 512 Jan 12 2007 dynamic -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1089 Jan 12 2007 make-localhost drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Sep 12 18:35 master -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 3714 Sep 12 20:07 named.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 2600 Jan 12 2007 named.root -rw------- 1 bind wheel 97 Sep 12 18:16 rndc.key drwxr-xr-x 2 bind wheel 512 Jan 12 2007 slave |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
20c20,21 < listen-on { 127.0.0.1; }; --- > # listen-on { 127.0.0.1; }; > listen-on {192.168.15.0/24}; |
#/etc/rc.d/named restart
Stopping named. Starting named. |
#sockstat -4l|grep 53
|
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
21c21 < listen-on {192.168.15.0/24}; --- > listen-on {127.0.0.1; 192.168.15.0/24}; |
#/etc/rc.d/named restart
Stopping named: rndc failed, trying killall: No matching processes were found Starting named. |
#sockstat -4l | grep :53
|
#ps -aux|grep named
root 4215 0.0 0.0 372 256 p8 L+ 11:36AM 0:00.00 grep named |
#tail -f /var/log/messages
Sep 13 11:35:06 fbsd3 named[3890]: stopping command channel on ::1#953 Sep 13 11:35:06 fbsd3 named[3890]: exiting Sep 13 11:35:06 fbsd3 named[4108]: starting BIND 9.3.3 -u bind -t /var/named -u bind Sep 13 11:35:06 fbsd3 named[4108]: /etc/namedb/named.conf:21: missing ';' before '}' Sep 13 11:35:06 fbsd3 named[4108]: loading configuration: failure Sep 13 11:35:06 fbsd3 named[4108]: exiting (due to fatal error) Sep 13 11:35:50 fbsd3 named[4200]: starting BIND 9.3.3 -u bind -t /var/named -u bind Sep 13 11:35:50 fbsd3 named[4200]: /etc/namedb/named.conf:21: missing ';' before '}' Sep 13 11:35:50 fbsd3 named[4200]: loading configuration: failure Sep 13 11:35:50 fbsd3 named[4200]: exiting (due to fatal error) ^[^C |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
21c21 < listen-on {127.0.0.1; 192.168.15.0/24}; --- > listen-on {127.0.0.1; 192.168.15.0/24; }; |
#/etc/rc.d/named restart
Stopping named: rndc failed, trying killall: No matching processes were found Starting named. |
#sockstat -4l | grep :53
bind named 4305 20 udp4 192.168.15.22:53 *:* bind named 4305 21 tcp4 192.168.15.22:53 *:* bind named 4305 22 udp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:* bind named 4305 23 tcp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:* |
#dig @127.0.0.1 google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.3.3 <<>> @127.0.0.1 google.com ; (1 server found) ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 56555 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;google.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.167.99 google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.187.99 google.com. 300 IN A 72.14.207.99 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: google.com. 345600 IN NS ns1.google.com. google.com. 345600 IN NS ns2.google.com. google.com. 345600 IN NS ns3.google.com. google.com. 345600 IN NS ns4.google.com. ;; Query time: 1051 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Sep 13 11:37:34 2007 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 148 |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
127a128,131 > zone "taras.unix.nt" { > type master; > file db.taras.unix.nt; > }; |
#vim /etc/namedb/db.taras.unix.nt
|
#vim /etc/namedb/db.taras.unix.nt
|
#vim /etc/rc.conf
|
#/etc/rc.d/named restart
Stopping named. Starting named. |
#sockstat -4l | grep :53
|
#tail -f /var/log/messages
Sep 13 11:37:06 fbsd3 named[4305]: command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 11:37:06 fbsd3 named[4305]: command channel listening on ::1#953 Sep 13 11:37:06 fbsd3 named[4305]: running Sep 13 11:54:07 fbsd3 named[4305]: stopping command channel on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 11:54:07 fbsd3 named[4305]: stopping command channel on ::1#953 Sep 13 11:54:07 fbsd3 named[4305]: exiting Sep 13 11:54:08 fbsd3 named[4472]: starting BIND 9.3.3 -u bind -t /var/named -u bind Sep 13 11:54:08 fbsd3 named[4472]: /etc/namedb/named.conf:130: expected quoted string near 'db.taras.unix.nt' Sep 13 11:54:08 fbsd3 named[4472]: loading configuration: unexpected token Sep 13 11:54:08 fbsd3 named[4472]: exiting (due to fatal error) :q ^C |
#vim /etc/namedb/db.taras.unix.nt
|
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
|
#tail -f /var/log/messages
Sep 13 11:37:06 fbsd3 named[4305]: command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 11:37:06 fbsd3 named[4305]: command channel listening on ::1#953 Sep 13 11:37:06 fbsd3 named[4305]: running Sep 13 11:54:07 fbsd3 named[4305]: stopping command channel on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 11:54:07 fbsd3 named[4305]: stopping command channel on ::1#953 Sep 13 11:54:07 fbsd3 named[4305]: exiting Sep 13 11:54:08 fbsd3 named[4472]: starting BIND 9.3.3 -u bind -t /var/named -u bind Sep 13 11:54:08 fbsd3 named[4472]: /etc/namedb/named.conf:130: expected quoted string near 'db.taras.unix.nt' Sep 13 11:54:08 fbsd3 named[4472]: loading configuration: unexpected token Sep 13 11:54:08 fbsd3 named[4472]: exiting (due to fatal error) ^[^C |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
130c130 < file db.taras.unix.nt; --- > file "db.taras.unix.nt"; |
#vim /etc/namedb/db.taras.unix.nt
2c2 < @ host1.taras.unix.nt user.host1.taras.unix.nt 2007150902 ( --- > SOA @ host1.taras.unix.nt user.host1.taras.unix.nt 2007150902 ( |
#vim /etc/namedb/db.taras.unix.nt
2c2 < SOA @ host1.taras.unix.nt user.host1.taras.unix.nt 2007150902 ( --- > @ SOA host1.taras.unix.nt user.host1.taras.unix.nt 2007150902 ( |
#/etc/rc.d/named restart
Stopping named: rndc failed, trying killall: No matching processes were found Starting named. |
#sockstat -4l | grep :53
bind named 4648 20 udp4 192.168.15.22:53 *:* bind named 4648 21 tcp4 192.168.15.22:53 *:* bind named 4648 22 udp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:* bind named 4648 23 tcp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:* |
#dig @127.0.0.1 host3.taras.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.3.3 <<>> @127.0.0.1 host3.taras.unix.nt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6449 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;host3.taras.unix.nt. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: host3.taras.unix.nt. 10800000 IN A 192.168.15.222 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: taras.unix.nt. 10800000 IN NS host1.taras.unix.nt. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: host1.taras.unix.nt. 10800000 IN A 192.168.15.22 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Sep 13 11:56:33 2007 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 89 |
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
1,2c1,4 < search unix.nt < nameserver 192.168.15.180 --- > #search unix.nt > #nameserver 192.168.15.180 > search taras.unix.nt > nameserver 127.0.0.1 |
#host host2.taras.unix.nt
host2.taras.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.122 |
#host host1.andrey.unix.nt
Host host1.andrey.unix.nt not found: 3(NXDOMAIN) |
#dig @192.168.15.22.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.3.3 <<>> @192.168.15.22 host1.andrey.unix.nt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 39681 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;host1.andrey.unix.nt. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10776 IN SOA A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2007091201 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.22#53(192.168.15.22) ;; WHEN: Thu Sep 13 11:59:43 2007 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 113 |
#dig @192.168.15.22 host1.andrey.unix.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.3.3 <<>> @192.168.15.22 host1.andrey.unix.nt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 29325 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;host1.andrey.unix.nt. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10742 IN SOA A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2007091201 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.22#53(192.168.15.22) ;; WHEN: Thu Sep 13 12:00:17 2007 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 113 |
#dig @192.168.15.21ost1.andrey.unix.nt
; <<>> DiG 9.3.3 <<>> @192.168.15.21 host1.andrey.unix.nt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52104 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;host1.andrey.unix.nt. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: host1.andrey.unix.nt. 10800000 IN A 192.168.15.21 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: andrey.unix.nt. 10800000 IN NS host1.andrey.unix.nt. ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.15.21#53(192.168.15.21) ;; WHEN: Thu Sep 13 12:00:51 2007 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 68 |
#tcpdump -n -i em0 -p udp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:20:55.789629 IP 192.168.15.180.33123 > 192.168.15.22.53: 27626 [1au] A? host1.taras.unix.nt. (48) 12:20:55.789917 IP 192.168.15.22.53 > 192.168.15.180.33123: 27626* 1/1/1 A 192.168.15.22 (78) 12:20:55.793491 IP 192.168.15.180.33123 > 192.168.15.22.53: 13813 [1au] AAAA? host1.taras.unix.nt. (48) 12:20:55.793929 IP 192.168.15.22.53 > 192.168.15.180.33123: 13813* 0/1/1 (109) 12:20:55.798630 IP 192.168.15.180.33123 > 192.168.15.22.53: 25976 [1au] MX? host1.taras.unix.nt. (48) 12:20:55.804665 IP 192.168.15.22.53 > 192.168.15.180.33123: 25976* 0/1/1 (109) 12:21:16.474539 IP 192.168.15.180.33123 > 192.168.15.22.53: 11722 [1au] A? host1.avetik.unix.nt. (49) 12:21:16.474943 IP 192.168.15.22.53 > 192.168.15.180.33123: 11722 0/13/14 (468) ... 12:25:04.298667 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.36.10.53: 43895 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:25:04.453747 IP 216.239.36.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 43895*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:25:04.455122 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 658 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:25:04.599285 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 658*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:25:04.600220 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 209.85.137.9.53: 33097 [1au] AAAA? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:25:04.663245 IP 209.85.137.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 33097*- 0/1/0 (89) ^C 133 packets captured 2415 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel |
#md
md5 mdconfig mdmfs mdnsd mdassembler mdcs2ecma mdnormalizer mdvalidater |
#md5
^C |
#man md5
|
#man md5
|
#host host1.andreynt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.715973 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 209.85.137.9.53: 26294 [1au] AAAA? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.770411 IP 209.85.137.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 26294*- 0/1/0 (89) Host host1.andrey.unix.nt not found: 3(NXDOMAIN) |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
37c37 < /* --- > 39c39 < 127.0.0.1; --- > 192.168.15.180; 41c41 < */ --- > |
#/etc/rc.d/named restart
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:13.547337 IP 192.168.15.180.33131 > 192.168.15.22.53: 26733 [1au] MX? host3.taras.unix.nt. (48) 12:30:13.552558 IP 192.168.15.22.53 > 192.168.15.180.33131: 26733* 0/1/1 (109) 12:30:16.451216 IP 192.168.15.180.33131 > 192.168.15.22.53: 20646 [1au] A? host2.taras.unix.nt. (48) 12:30:16.451499 IP 192.168.15.22.53 > 192.168.15.180.33131: 20646* 1/1/2 A 192.168.15.122 (100) 12:30:16.460964 IP 192.168.15.180.33131 > 192.168.15.22.53: 10323 [1au] AAAA? host2.taras.unix.nt. (48) 12:30:16.461242 IP 192.168.15.22.53 > 192.168.15.180.33131: 10323* 0/1/1 (109) 12:30:16.464721 IP 192.168.15.180.33131 > 192.168.15.22.53: 22237 [1au] MX? host2.taras.unix.nt. (48) 12:30:16.465908 IP 192.168.15.22.53 > 192.168.15.180.33131: 22237* 0/1/1 (109) Stopping named. Starting named. |
#host host1.andrey.unix.nt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:19.754052 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 48450+ [1au] NS? . (28) 12:30:19.754502 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 62902 1/3/4 A 194.150.93.78 (165) 12:30:19.755256 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 48450 13/0/14 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.,[|domain] 12:30:22.579915 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 56993+ [1au] A? host1.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:22.583971 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 56993 1/1/1 A 192.168.15.21 (79) 12:30:22.605280 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 15252+ [1au] AAAA? host1.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:22.607323 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 15252 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:22.608493 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 52904+ [1au] MX? host1.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:22.610451 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 52904 0/1/1 (111) host1.andrey.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.21 |
#host host1.andrey.unix.nt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:19.754052 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 48450+ [1au] NS? . (28) 12:30:19.754502 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 62902 1/3/4 A 194.150.93.78 (165) 12:30:19.755256 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 48450 13/0/14 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.,[|domain] 12:30:22.579915 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 56993+ [1au] A? host1.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:22.583971 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 56993 1/1/1 A 192.168.15.21 (79) 12:30:22.605280 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 15252+ [1au] AAAA? host1.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:22.607323 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 15252 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:22.608493 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 52904+ [1au] MX? host1.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:22.610451 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 52904 0/1/1 (111) host1.andrey.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.21 |
#host host2andrey.unix.nt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:22.610451 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 52904 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:26.815918 IP 192.168.15.22.63660 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42695+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:30:26.816662 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.63660: 42695 1/3/3 A 194.150.93.78 (154) 12:30:27.898393 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 29671+ [1au] A? host2.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:27.900856 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 29671 1/1/2 A 192.168.15.121 (101) 12:30:27.902690 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 51845+ [1au] AAAA? host2.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:27.904727 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 51845 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:27.905933 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 39404+ [1au] MX? host2.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:27.907851 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 39404 0/1/1 (111) host2.andrey.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.121 |
#host host3andrey.unix.nt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:27.904727 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 51845 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:27.905933 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 39404+ [1au] MX? host2.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:27.907851 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 39404 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:31.694660 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 9731+ [1au] A? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.696826 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 9731 1/1/2 A 192.168.15.221 (101) 12:30:31.700896 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 56518+ [1au] AAAA? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.704821 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 56518 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:31.708653 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 14110+ [1au] MX? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.710567 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 14110 0/1/1 (111) host3.andrey.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.221 |
#host host3andrey.unix.nt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:27.904727 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 51845 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:27.905933 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 39404+ [1au] MX? host2.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:27.907851 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 39404 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:31.694660 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 9731+ [1au] A? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.696826 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 9731 1/1/2 A 192.168.15.221 (101) 12:30:31.700896 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 56518+ [1au] AAAA? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.704821 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 56518 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:31.708653 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 14110+ [1au] MX? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.710567 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 14110 0/1/1 (111) host3.andrey.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.221 |
#host host3andrey.unix.nt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:27.904727 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 51845 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:27.905933 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 39404+ [1au] MX? host2.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:27.907851 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 39404 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:31.694660 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 9731+ [1au] A? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.696826 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 9731 1/1/2 A 192.168.15.221 (101) 12:30:31.700896 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 56518+ [1au] AAAA? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.704821 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 56518 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:31.708653 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 14110+ [1au] MX? host3.andrey.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:31.710567 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 14110 0/1/1 (111) host3.andrey.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.221 |
#host host3.avetik.nt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:31.710567 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 14110 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:37.033346 IP 192.168.15.22.52231 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42696+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:30:37.034069 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.52231: 42696 1/3/3 A 194.150.93.78 (154) 12:30:40.969551 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 36328+ [1au] A? host3.avetik.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:40.970326 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 36328 1/1/2 A 192.168.15.223 (101) 12:30:40.972186 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 18164+ [1au] AAAA? host3.avetik.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:40.976077 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 18164 0/1/1 (96) 12:30:40.982210 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 9082+ [1au] MX? host3.avetik.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:40.982811 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 9082 0/1/1 (96) host3.avetik.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.223 |
#host host3.avetik.nt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:30:31.710567 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 14110 0/1/1 (111) 12:30:37.033346 IP 192.168.15.22.52231 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42696+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:30:37.034069 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.52231: 42696 1/3/3 A 194.150.93.78 (154) 12:30:40.969551 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 36328+ [1au] A? host3.avetik.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:40.970326 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 36328 1/1/2 A 192.168.15.223 (101) 12:30:40.972186 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 18164+ [1au] AAAA? host3.avetik.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:40.976077 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 18164 0/1/1 (96) 12:30:40.982210 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 9082+ [1au] MX? host3.avetik.unix.nt. (49) 12:30:40.982811 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 9082 0/1/1 (96) host3.avetik.unix.nt has address 192.168.15.223 |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
131a132,135 > zone "andrey.unix.nt" { > type slave; > file "slave/db.andrey.unix.nt"; > }; |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
131a132,135 > zone "andrey.unix.nt" { > type slave; > file "slave/db.andrey.unix.nt"; > }; |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
131a132,135 > zone "andrey.unix.nt" { > type slave; > file "slave/db.andrey.unix.nt"; > }; |
#rndc reload
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... 12:31:07.027179 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 39898 0/1/1 (100) 12:33:20.032583 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 52717+ [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:33:20.212369 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 52717 3/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:33:20.221316 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 1706+ [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:33:20.447970 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 1706 1/1/1 CNAME[|domain] 12:33:20.455381 IP 192.168.15.22.54964 > 192.168.15.180.53: 853+ [1au] AAAA? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:33:20.455956 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.54964: 853 0/1/1 (100) 12:34:32.048619 IP 192.168.15.22.61941 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42698+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:34:32.049374 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.61941: 42698 1/3/3 A 194.150.93.78 (154) rndc: 'reload' failed: failure |
#tail -f /var/log/messages
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: stopping command channel on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: stopping command channel on ::1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: exiting Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: starting BIND 9.3.3 -u bind -t /var/named -u bind Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: command channel listening on ::1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: running Sep 13 12:34:35 fbsd3 named[5410]: /etc/namedb/named.conf:132: zone 'andrey.unix.nt': missing 'masters' entry Sep 13 12:34:35 fbsd3 named[5410]: reloading configuration failed: failure ^[^C |
#tail -f /var/log/messages
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: stopping command channel on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: stopping command channel on ::1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: exiting Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: starting BIND 9.3.3 -u bind -t /var/named -u bind Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: command channel listening on ::1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: running Sep 13 12:34:35 fbsd3 named[5410]: /etc/namedb/named.conf:132: zone 'andrey.unix.nt': missing 'masters' entry Sep 13 12:34:35 fbsd3 named[5410]: reloading configuration failed: failure ^[^C |
#tail -f /var/log/messages
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 12:28:43.845143 IP 192.168.15.22.57591 > 192.168.15.180.53: 42694+ A? xgu.ru. (24) 12:28:44.845718 IP 192.168.15.180.53 > 192.168.15.22.57591: 42694 1/3/2 A 194.150.93.78 (138) 12:29:12.207018 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.32.10.53: 28592 [1au] A? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.416258 IP 216.239.32.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 28592*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] 12:29:12.417125 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 64.233.179.9.53: 14296 [1au] A? googlemail.l.google.com. (52) 12:29:12.571661 IP 64.233.179.9.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 14296*- 2/0/0 A[|domain] 12:29:12.572965 IP 192.168.15.22.51685 > 216.239.38.10.53: 39916 [1au] AAAA? mail.google.com. (44) 12:29:12.715196 IP 216.239.38.10.53 > 192.168.15.22.51685: 39916*- 1/7/8 CNAME[|domain] ... Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: stopping command channel on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: stopping command channel on ::1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[4648]: exiting Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: starting BIND 9.3.3 -u bind -t /var/named -u bind Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: command channel listening on ::1#953 Sep 13 12:30:17 fbsd3 named[5410]: running Sep 13 12:34:35 fbsd3 named[5410]: /etc/namedb/named.conf:132: zone 'andrey.unix.nt': missing 'masters' entry Sep 13 12:34:35 fbsd3 named[5410]: reloading configuration failed: failure ^[^C |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
133a134 > master { 192.168.15.21; }; |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
133a134 > master { 192.168.15.21; }; |
#vim /etc/namedb/named.conf
133a134 > master { 192.168.15.21; }; |
#rndc reload
rndc: 'reload' failed: failure |
#rndc reload
rndc: 'reload' failed: failure |
Время первой команды журнала | 11:17:57 2007- 9-13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 12:35:45 2007- 9-13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 12.87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 1.30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008