/l3/users/11-01-2010/nt-ladm/debian1.net.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 |
|
#cd /
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#ls
bin dev home lib media opt root srv tmp var boot etc initrd lost+found mnt proc sbin sys usr |
#ls
[root@debian1:/]# cd bin arch chmod fuser more rbash umount backup chown grep mount readlink uname bash chvt gunzip mountpoint rm uncompress bunzip2 cp gzexe mt rmdir vdir bzcat cpio gzip mt-gnu rnano which bzcmp date hostname mv run-parts zcat bzdiff dd kill nano sed zcmp bzegrep df ln nc setpci zdiff bzexe dir loadkeys netcat sh zegrep bzfgrep dmesg login netstat sleep zfgrep bzgrep dnsdomainname ls open stty zforce bzip2 echo lsmod openvt su zgrep bzip2recover ed lsmod.modutils pidof sync zless bzless egrep lspci ping tar zmore bzmore false mkdir ping6 tempfile znew cat fgconsole mknod ps touch chgrp fgrep mktemp pwd true |
#cd backup
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#ls
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#ls -a
. .. |
#cd ..
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#rm backup
![]() rm: невозможно удалить `backup': Is a directory |
#rmdir
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#ls -l /etc
итого 735 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2803 2007-12-23 16:31 adduser.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44 2007-12-23 16:30 adjtime drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3112 2008-03-12 11:46 alternatives drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 272 2008-03-11 11:48 apt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1071 2006-12-11 23:20 bash.bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 215907 2006-12-11 23:20 bash_completion drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 72 2008-03-12 10:51 bash_completion.d drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 calendar drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 48 2007-12-23 17:00 console ... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1664 2006-05-25 12:38 syslog.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 terminfo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 2008-03-11 12:46 timezone -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1260 2007-02-25 21:30 ucf.conf drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 120 2007-12-23 16:42 udev -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805 2006-08-06 11:12 updatedb.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 104 2008-03-11 17:53 vim -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4622 2006-12-30 13:50 vnc.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4221 2006-06-28 19:41 wgetrc drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 448 2007-12-23 16:44 X11 |
#ls -lt
итого 735 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197 2010-01-09 19:22 mtab -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 2010-01-09 19:22 hostname -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79 2010-01-09 19:22 hosts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 2010-01-09 19:22 resolv.conf drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 224 2008-12-22 14:56 network -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106 2008-07-04 20:15 fstab drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 336 2008-07-04 20:01 gdm drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1544 2008-03-14 16:21 init.d -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3618 2008-03-14 11:08 group ... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 475 2006-10-28 16:42 profile -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4 2006-10-28 16:20 debian_version -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 777 2006-09-13 04:53 sysctl.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 475 2006-08-28 19:33 nsswitch.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 2006-08-07 20:14 host.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805 2006-08-06 11:12 updatedb.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4221 2006-06-28 19:41 wgetrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1664 2006-05-25 12:38 syslog.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 599 2005-09-03 15:49 logrotate.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 552 2004-07-31 23:34 pam.conf |
#touch -t 198010011739 file
|
#ls -l file
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 1980-10-01 17:39 file |
#ls -lrt /etc
итого 735 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 552 2004-07-31 23:34 pam.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 599 2005-09-03 15:49 logrotate.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1664 2006-05-25 12:38 syslog.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4221 2006-06-28 19:41 wgetrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805 2006-08-06 11:12 updatedb.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 2006-08-07 20:14 host.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 475 2006-08-28 19:33 nsswitch.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 777 2006-09-13 04:53 sysctl.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4 2006-10-28 16:20 debian_version ... -rw-r----- 1 root shadow 2721 2008-03-14 11:08 gshadow -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3618 2008-03-14 11:08 group drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1544 2008-03-14 16:21 init.d drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 336 2008-07-04 20:01 gdm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106 2008-07-04 20:15 fstab drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 224 2008-12-22 14:56 network -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 2010-01-09 19:22 resolv.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79 2010-01-09 19:22 hosts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 2010-01-09 19:22 hostname -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197 2010-01-09 19:22 mtab |
#vi
![]() |
#screen -x
|
#vi file
![]() |
#vi file
![]() |
#vi /tmp/file
![]() |
#vim /etc/sudoers
--- /tmp/l3-saved-2188.20249.22565 2010-01-11 14:43:23.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/sudoers 2010-01-11 14:44:03.000000000 +0200 @@ -16,3 +16,4 @@ # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL) ALL user ALL=(ALL) ALL +user ALL=(ALL) ALL |
#vim
![]() |
#date
14 CPU: After all inits, caps: 1fc98375 00100000 00000000 00000140 000002011 00000000 00000000$ 15 Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.$ 16 SMP alternatives: switching to UP code$ 17 $ 18 Freeing SMP alternatives: 12k freed$ 19 Brought up 1 CPUs$ 20 migration_cost=0$ 21 checking if image is initramfs... it is$ 22 Freeing initrd memory: 14840k freed$ 23 Grant table initialized$ 24 NET: Registered protocol family 16$ 25 Brought up 1 CPUs$ 26 PCI: setting up Xen PCI frontend stub$ -- INSERT -- 26,1 8% 26,1 8% 27 $ -- INSERT -- 27,1 10% Mon Jan 11 14:52:19 EET 2010 |
#vimtutor ru
============================================================================= === 5 = ä Ï Â Ò Ï Ð Ï Ö Á Ì Ï × Á Ô Ø × Õ Þ Å Â Î É Ë VIM - ÷ÅÒÓÉÑ 1.. "/tmp/tutordq6806" 834 lines, 28952 characters |
#vimtutor.
![]() bash: vimtutor.ru: command not found |
#vimtutor
=============================================================================== = Д о б р о п о ж а л о в а т ь в у ч е б н и к VIM - Версия 1.5 = "/tmp/tutorve6876" строк: 834, символов: 46100 |
#vimtutor ru
![]() use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them properly. If you only read the text, you will forget the commands! Now, make sure that your Shift-Lock key is NOT depressed and press the j key enough times to move the cursor so that Lesson 1.1 completely fills the screen. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR ** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. ** ^ k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left. < h l > The l key is at the right and moves rightt . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
#vimtutor ru
---> 'vim' позволÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÑиÑÑ ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ vim, 'tutor.ru' --- ÑÑо Ñайл, коÑоÑÑй ÐÑ Ð±ÑдеÑе ÑедакÑиÑоваÑÑ. 4. ÐÑли ÐÑ ÑвеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо запомнили ÑÑи Ñаги, вÑполниÑе Ñаги Ð¾Ñ 1 до 3 ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑйÑи Ñнова запÑÑÑиÑÑ ÑедакÑоÑ. ÐаÑем пеÑемеÑÑиÑе кÑÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð· к УÑÐ¾ÐºÑ 1.3. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ УÑок 1.3: Ð ÐÐÐÐТÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐРТÐÐСТР- УÐÐÐ23;16H |
#vimtutor ru
ÐÑ Ð±ÑдеÑе ÑедакÑиÑоваÑÑ. 4. ÐÑли ÐÑ ÑвеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо запомнили ÑÑи Ñаги, вÑполниÑе Ñаги Ð¾Ñ 1 до 3 ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑйÑи Ñнова запÑÑÑиÑÑ ÑедакÑоÑ. ÐаÑем пеÑемеÑÑиÑе кÑÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð· к УÑÐ¾ÐºÑ 1.3. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ УÑок 1.3: Ð ÐÐÐÐТÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐРТÐÐСТР- УÐÐÐ23;8H ** ÐÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÑ Ð² обÑÑном Ñежиме нажмиÑе x, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑдалиÑÑ Ñимвол под кÑÑÑоÑом. ** "/tmp/tutoroY6916" 834L, 46100C запиÑано |
#vimtutor.ru
![]() bash: vimtutor.ru: command not found |
#vimtutor ru
colorscheme evening set list " An example for a vimrc file. " " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> " Last change: 2002 Sep 19 " " To use it, copy it to " for Unix and OS/2: ~/.vimrc " for Amiga: s:.vimrc " for MS-DOS and Win32: $VIM\_vimrc " for OpenVMS: sys$login:.vimrc " When started as "evim", evim.vim will already have done these settings. if v:progname =~? "evim" finish endif " Use Vim settings, rather then Vi settings (much better!). " This must be first, because it changes other options as a side effect. "~/.vimrc" 86L, 2462C записано |
#vimtutor ru
=============================================================================== = Д о б р о п о ж а л о в а т ь в у ч е б н и к VIM - Версия 1.5 = "/tmp/tutoraF7023" строк: 834, символов: 46100 |
#vim ~/.vimrc
![]() |
#na
![]() namei nameif nano nawk |
#namei
![]() namei nameif |
#id -u
[root@debian1:tmp]# vim /etc/profile 0 |
#vim /etc/profile
|
#ls -l fileperm1
[root@debian1:tmp]# touch fileperm1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 11 16:30 fileperm1 |
#ls -l fileperm1
[root@debian1:tmp]# chmod u+x,g+wx,o+wx fileperm1 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 11 16:30 fileperm1 |
#ls -l fileperm1
[root@debian1:tmp]# chmod 777 fileperm1 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 11 16:30 fileperm1 |
#ls -l fileperm1
[root@debian1:tmp]# chmod 644 fileperm1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 11 16:30 fileperm1 |
#mkdir 123
[root@debian1:tmp]# umask 0022 |
#ls -l 123
total 0 |
#ls -l fileperm1
[root@debian1:tmp]# ls -ld 123 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 48 Jan 11 16:32 123 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 11 16:30 fileperm1 |
#vim ~/.profile
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#vim /etc/bash.bashrc
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#ls -l /
[root@debian1:tmp]# vim ~/.bashrc total 17 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 2536 Jan 11 14:21 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 48 Oct 28 2006 boot drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 2820 Jan 9 19:22 dev drwxr-xr-x 56 root root 3384 Jan 11 16:38 etc drwxr-xr-x 205 root root 4920 Mar 14 2008 home drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 48 Dec 23 2007 initrd drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 3696 Oct 27 2008 lib drwx------ 2 root root 48 Dec 23 2007 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 48 Dec 23 2007 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 48 Oct 28 2006 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 48 Dec 23 2007 opt dr-xr-xr-x 76 root root 0 Jan 9 19:22 proc drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 400 Jan 11 16:38 root drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 2736 Dec 22 2008 sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 48 Dec 23 2007 srv drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 0 Jan 9 19:22 sys drwxrwxrwt 10 root root 520 Jan 11 16:38 tmp drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 264 Dec 23 2007 usr drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 312 Mar 14 2008 var |
#vim ~/.bashrc
|
#/etc/init.d/networking restart; /etc/init.d/ssh restart
[root@debian1:tmp]# /etc/init.d/networking restart; /etc/init.d/ssh resatat Reconfiguring network interfaces...done. Usage: /etc/init.d/ssh {start|stop|reload|force-reload|restart} Reconfiguring network interfaces...done. Restarting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd. |
# /etc/init.d/ssh restart /etc/init.d/networking restart
|
#jobs
/usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/hp_roman8.py /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/idna.py /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/unicode_escape.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/base64_codec.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/mac_roman.py /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/mac_turkish.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/unicode_internal.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/latin_1.py /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/mac_turkish.py /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/mac_iceland.py ... /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/ParenMatch.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/configDialog.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/GrepDialog.py /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/configHandler.py /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/buildapp.py /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/SearchDialogBase.py /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/UndoDelegator.py /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/AutoExpand.py /usr/lib/python2.4/idlelib/ColorDelegator.py [1]+ Stopped find /usr -name \*a\* |
#find /usr -name \*b\*
![]() /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/tlb-v7.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-macro.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-ev5tj.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/tlb-v4wbi.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/cache-v4wb.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-nommu.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-ev4.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-ev6.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-ev7.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/extable.c ... /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap1/board-fsample.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap1/board-voiceblue.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap1/mailbox.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap1/board-ams-delta.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-h4.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/Makefile.boot /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-apollon.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-2430sdp.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-generic.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/mailbox.c |
#find /usr -name \*b\*
![]() /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/tlb-v7.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-macro.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-ev5tj.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/tlb-v4wbi.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/cache-v4wb.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-nommu.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-ev4.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-ev6.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/abort-ev7.S /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mm/extable.c ... /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap1/board-fsample.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap1/board-voiceblue.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap1/mailbox.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap1/board-ams-delta.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-h4.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/Makefile.boot /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-apollon.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-2430sdp.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-generic.c /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/arch/arm/mach-omap2/mailbox.c |
#jobs
[1]- Stopped find /usr -name \*a\* [2]+ Stopped find /usr -name \*b\* |
#bg 2
/usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/kdebug.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/sembuf.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/mcfmbus.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/pgtable.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/oplib.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/bootinfo.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/tlbflush.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/msgbuf.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/mcfwdebug.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68knommu/bootstd.h ... /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-ia64/tlbflush.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-ia64/break.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-ia64/msgbuf.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68k/mac_baboon.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68k/fb.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68k/ipcbuf.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68k/shmbuf.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68k/bitops.h /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68k/Kbuild /usr/src/linux-2.6.24.3/include/asm-m68k/bug.h |
#/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/binutils.mo
/usr/include/linux/smb_mount.h /usr/include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ip_tables.h /usr/include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/Kbuild /usr/include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_connbytes.h /usr/include/linux/netfilter_ipv6/Kbuild /usr/include/linux/netfilter_ipv6/ip6_tables.h /usr/include/linux/smb_fs_sb.h /usr/include/linux/ncp_fs_sb.h /usr/include/linux/cobalt-nvram.h /usr/include/linux/mbcache.h ... /usr/include/asm-generic/Kbuild /usr/include/asm-generic/bug.h /usr/include/asm-generic/tlb.h /usr/include/asm-generic/dma-mapping-broken.h /usr/include/asm-generic/bitops /usr/include/asm-generic/Kbuild.asm /usr/include/asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h /usr/include/asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h /usr/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h [2]+ Done find /usr -name \*b\* |
#vim /tmp/find
|
#jobs
![]() [root@debian1:tmp]# find /usr -name \*b\* 2>/dev/null 1>/tmp/find ; |
#jobs
![]() [root@debian1:tmp]# find /usr -name \*b\* 2>/dev/null 1>/tmp/find & |
#ping -c 2 ru.ru
[root@debian1:tmp]# ping -c 2 ya.ru PING ya.ru (213.180.204.8) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from ya.ru (213.180.204.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=54.1 ms 64 bytes from ya.ru (213.180.204.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=55.8 ms --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 54.110/54.976/55.842/0.866 ms PING ru.ru (195.2.70.38) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from jam-slb-1.msk.zenon.net (195.2.70.38): icmp_seq=1 ttl=113 time=92.9 ms 64 bytes from jam-slb-1.msk.zenon.net (195.2.70.38): icmp_seq=2 ttl=113 time=110 ms --- ru.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 92.938/101.681/110.425/8.749 ms |
#ya.ru;
![]() [root@debian1:tmp]# ping -c 2 xgu.ru PING xgu.ru (212.26.146.51) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=4.86 ms 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=4.52 ms --- xgu.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.529/4.699/4.869/0.170 ms |
#!!
[root@debian1:tmp]# !p ping -c 2 xgu.ru PING xgu.ru (212.26.146.51) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=5.22 ms 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=4.08 ms --- xgu.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.086/4.654/5.223/0.572 ms ping -c 2 xgu.ru PING xgu.ru (212.26.146.51) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=6.01 ms 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=4.73 ms --- xgu.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.738/5.378/6.018/0.640 ms |
#bind -p | less
|
#bind -p > /tmp/bind
|
#cat -n /tmp/bind
316 "«": self-insert 317 "¬": self-insert 318 "": self-insert 319 "®": self-insert 320 "¯": self-insert 321 "°": self-insert 322 "±": self-insert 323 "²": self-insert 324 "³": self-insert 325 "´": self-insert ... 455 # vi-set-mark (not bound) 456 # vi-subst (not bound) 457 # vi-tilde-expand (not bound) 458 # vi-yank-arg (not bound) 459 # vi-yank-to (not bound) 460 "\C-y": yank 461 "\M-.": yank-last-arg 462 "\M-_": yank-last-arg 463 "\M-\C-y": yank-nth-arg 464 "\M-y": yank-pop |
#history
160 pwd 161 grep user /etc/passwd 162 grep user\: /etc/passwd 163 grep ^user\: /etc/passwd 164 pwd 165 cd ~user 166 cd - 167 cd - 168 cd /tmp 169 cd /root ... 299 ping -c 2 ru.ru 300 ping -c 2 xgu.ru 301 ping -c 2 xgu.ru 302 ping -c 2 xgu.ru 303 ping -c 2 xgu.ru 304 bind -p | less 305 bind -p > /tmp/bind 306 cat /tmp/bind -n 307 cat -n /tmp/bind 308 history |
#ping -c 2 ya.ru
PING ya.ru (93.158.134.8) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from ya.ru (93.158.134.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=51.7 ms 64 bytes from ya.ru (93.158.134.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=48.8 ms --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 48.840/50.285/51.730/1.445 ms |
#ping -c 2 xgu.ru
[root@debian1:tmp]# ping -c 2 ru.ru PING ru.ru (195.2.70.38) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from jam-slb-1.msk.zenon.net (195.2.70.38): icmp_seq=1 ttl=113 time=89.9 ms 64 bytes from jam-slb-1.msk.zenon.net (195.2.70.38): icmp_seq=2 ttl=113 time=82.1 ms --- ru.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 82.171/86.077/89.984/3.917 ms PING xgu.ru (212.26.146.51) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=8.43 ms 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=4.06 ms --- xgu.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.067/6.251/8.435/2.184 ms |
#ping -c 2 xgu.ru
[root@debian1:tmp]# ping -c 2 xgu.ru PING xgu.ru (212.26.146.51) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=5.26 ms 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=10.9 ms --- xgu.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.265/8.098/10.931/2.833 ms PING xgu.ru (212.26.146.51) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=9.07 ms 64 bytes from chub.in (212.26.146.51): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=3.34 ms --- xgu.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.341/6.208/9.075/2.867 ms |
#bind -p | less
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#bind -p > /tmp/bind
|
#cat -n /tmp/bind
316 "«": self-insert 317 "¬": self-insert 318 "": self-insert 319 "®": self-insert 320 "¯": self-insert 321 "°": self-insert 322 "±": self-insert 323 "²": self-insert 324 "³": self-insert 325 "´": self-insert ... 455 # vi-set-mark (not bound) 456 # vi-subst (not bound) 457 # vi-tilde-expand (not bound) 458 # vi-yank-arg (not bound) 459 # vi-yank-to (not bound) 460 "\C-y": yank 461 "\M-.": yank-last-arg 462 "\M-_": yank-last-arg 463 "\M-\C-y": yank-nth-arg 464 "\M-y": yank-pop |
#history
![]() |
#echo $HISTFILESIZE
[root@debian1:tmp]# echo $HISTFILE /root/.bash_history 500 |
#[root@fbsd3:~]# ifconfig
[root@debian1:tmp]# ssh 192.168.16.23 Password: Last login: Mon Jan 11 11:32:39 2010 from 192.168.16.1 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section ... re2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=1b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING> ether 00:16:4e:00:02:03 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 |
#[root@fbsd3:~]# /etc/rc.d/sshd restart
Stopping sshd. Starting sshd. |
#ssh 192.168.16.23
[root@fbsd3:~]# exit exit Connection to 192.168.16.23 closed. Password: Password: Last login: Mon Jan 11 16:58:19 2010 from 192.168.16.1 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=16277; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#[root@fbsd3:~]# sockstat -4l
[root@fbsd3:~]# netstat -rn Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.16.254 UGS 0 2931 re0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 6673 lo0 192.168.16 link#1 UC 0 0 re0 192.168.16.1 00:16:3e:00:00:01 UHLW 1 116 re0 1135 192.168.16.254 00:07:e9:0c:45:0c UHLW 2 2440 re0 1190 Internet6: ... USER COMMAND PID FD PROTO LOCAL ADDRESS FOREIGN ADDRESS root sshd 17627 3 tcp46 *:22 *:* root sshd 17627 4 tcp4 *:22 *:* root xdm 995 1 tcp46 *:49152 *:* root Xorg 994 3 tcp4 *:6000 *:* root xdm 991 1 tcp46 *:49152 *:* root xdm 991 3 udp46 *:177 *:* root inetd 965 5 tcp4 *:5902 *:* root sendmail 932 4 tcp4 127.0.0.1:25 *:* root syslogd 771 7 udp4 *:514 *:* |
#ssh 192.168.16.23
[root@fbsd3:~]# kill -9 $$ Connection to 192.168.16.23 closed. Password: Last login: Mon Jan 11 16:59:00 2010 from 192.168.16.1 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=16277; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#[root@fbsd3:~]# kill -9 $$
![]() [root@fbsd3:~]# > .bash_history Connection to 192.168.16.23 closed. |
#[root@fbsd3:~]# history
[root@debian1:tmp]# ssh 192.168.16.23 Password: Last login: Mon Jan 11 17:00:19 2010 from 192.168.16.1 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section ... been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=16277; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid 1 history |
#cp /etc/passwd /tmp
[root@fbsd3:~]# exit exit Connection to 192.168.16.23 closed. |
#vimdiff /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd
8 lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/ 20 gdm:x:101:103:Gnome Display Manage 9 mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/snc$ 22 tegames:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh$ 10 news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:in/sh$ "passwd" 223L, 9344C written sh$ 11 uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uuch$ 2 files to edit /bin/sh$ 12 uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh$ "/tmp/passwd" 223L, 9344C $ ... 14 backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backur:/var/list:/bin/sh$ bin/sh$ 15 list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manageg System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/s 34:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh-------- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/passwd" 223L, 9347C written All |
#vim /tmp/passwd
|
#date
[root@debian1:tmp]# vimdiff /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd Mon Jan 11 17:03:11 EET 2010 |
#apt-get et install
[root@debian1:tmp]# echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin .ICE-unix/ fifo .X0-lock filename1 .X11-unix/ fileperm1 .gdm_socket find 123/ hard_link_to_file 2/ hard_link_to_file_backup 2007/ hard_link_to_file_copy 2008/ passwd 2009/ v218742/ bind |
#ssh 192.168.16.23
[root@debian1:tmp]# apt-get et install Password: Last login: Mon Jan 11 17:01:11 2010 from 192.168.16.1 Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008 Welcome to FreeBSD! Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources: o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section ... http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc. If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of `uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7) manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'. You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement. l3-agent is already running: pid=16277; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#[root@fbsd3:~]# cd /usr/ports/games/cowsay/
[root@fbsd3:~]# pkg_add -r cowsay Error: FTP Unable to get ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.3-release/Latest/cowsay.tbz: File unavailable (e.g., file not found, no access) pkg_add: unable to fetch 'ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.3-release/Latest/cowsay.tbz' by URL |
#[root@fbsd3:cowsay]# cd
[root@fbsd3:cowsay]# make install ===> Vulnerability check disabled, database not found => cowsay-3.03.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/. => Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.nog.net/pub/tony/cowsay/. fetch: ftp://ftp.nog.net/pub/tony/cowsay/cowsay-3.03.tar.gz: Connection refused => Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/. cowsay-3.03.tar.gz 100% of 14 kB 23 kBps ===> Extracting for cowsay-3.03_1 => MD5 Checksum OK for cowsay-3.03.tar.gz. => SHA256 Checksum OK for cowsay-3.03.tar.gz. ... x cows/tux.cow x cows/udder.cow x cows/vader-koala.cow x cows/www.cow x cows/vader.cow + set +x Okay, let us see if the install actually worked. Installation complete! Enjoy the cows! ===> Compressing manual pages for cowsay-3.03_1 ===> Registering installation for cowsay-3.03_1 |
#[root@fbsd3:~]# pkg_info -Ix cowsay
[root@fbsd3:~]# cowsay Hello Billy! ______________ < Hello Billy! > -------------- \ ^__^ \ (oo)\_______ (__)\ )\/\ ||----w | || || cowsay-3.03_1 Configurable talking characters in ASCII art |
#[root@fbsd3:~]# cowsay
![]() [root@fbsd3:~]# pkg_delete cowsay-3.03_1 bash: /usr/local/bin/cowsay: No such file or directory |
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name-bash_completion
![]() [root@fbsd3:~]# cd /usr/ports/ The search target requires a keyword parameter or name parameter, e.g.: "make search key=somekeyword" or "make search name=somekeyword" make: don't know how to make name-bash_completion. Stop |
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=bash_completion
|
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# cd /usr/ports/shells/bash-completion
[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=bash-completion Port: bash-completion-20060301_2 Path: /usr/ports/shells/bash-completion Info: Programmable completion library for Bash 2.04 and up Maint: kirk@strauser.com B-deps: R-deps: bash-3.2.25 gettext-0.16.1_3 libiconv-1.11_1 WWW: http://www.caliban.org/bash/index.shtml |
316 "«": self-insert 317 "¬": self-insert 318 "": self-insert 319 "®": self-insert 320 "¯": self-insert 321 "°": self-insert 322 "±": self-insert 323 "²": self-insert 324 "³": self-insert 325 "´": self-insert 326 "µ": self-insert 327 "¶": self-insert 328 "·": self-insert 329 "¸": self-insert 330 "¹": self-insert 331 "º": self-insert 332 "»": self-insert 333 "¼": self-insert 334 "½": self-insert 335 "¾": self-insert 336 "¿": self-insert 337 "À": self-insert 338 "Á": self-insert 339 "Â": self-insert 340 "Ã": self-insert 341 "Ä": self-insert 342 "Å": self-insert 343 "Æ": self-insert 344 "Ç": self-insert 345 "È": self-insert 346 "É": self-insert 347 "Ê": self-insert 348 "Ë": self-insert 349 "Ì": self-insert 350 "Í": self-insert 351 "Î": self-insert 352 "Ï": self-insert 353 "Ð": self-insert 354 "Ñ": self-insert 355 "Ò": self-insert 356 "Ó": self-insert 357 "Ô": self-insert 358 "Õ": self-insert 359 "Ö": self-insert 360 "×": self-insert 361 "Ø": self-insert 362 "Ù": self-insert 363 "Ú": self-insert 364 "Û": self-insert 365 "Ü": self-insert 366 "Ý": self-insert 367 "Þ": self-insert 368 "ß": self-insert 369 "à": self-insert 370 "á": self-insert 371 "â": self-insert 372 "ã": self-insert 373 "ä": self-insert 374 "å": self-insert 375 "æ": self-insert 376 "ç": self-insert 377 "è": self-insert 378 "é": self-insert 379 "ê": self-insert 380 "ë": self-insert 381 "ì": self-insert 382 "í": self-insert 383 "î": self-insert 384 "ï": self-insert 385 "ð": self-insert 386 "ñ": self-insert 387 "ò": self-insert 388 "ó": self-insert 389 "ô": self-insert 390 "õ": self-insert 391 "ö": self-insert 392 "÷": self-insert 393 "ø": self-insert 394 "ù": self-insert 395 "ú": self-insert 396 "û": self-insert 397 "ü": self-insert 398 "ý": self-insert 399 "þ": self-insert 400 "ÿ": self-insert 401 "\C-@": set-mark 402 "\M- ": set-mark 403 "\M-\C-e": shell-expand-line 404 "\C-x(": start-kbd-macro 405 # tab-insert (not bound) 406 "\M-&": tilde-expand 407 "\C-t": transpose-chars 408 "\M-t": transpose-words 409 # tty-status (not bound) 410 "\C-x\C-u": undo 411 "\C-_": undo 412 # universal-argument (not bound) 413 # unix-filename-rubout (not bound) 414 "\C-u": unix-line-discard 415 "\C-w": unix-word-rubout 416 "\M-u": upcase-word 417 # vi-append-eol (not bound) 418 # vi-append-mode (not bound) 419 # vi-arg-digit (not bound) 420 # vi-bWord (not bound) 421 # vi-back-to-indent (not bound) 422 # vi-bword (not bound) 423 # vi-change-case (not bound) 424 # vi-change-char (not bound) 425 # vi-change-to (not bound) 426 # vi-char-search (not bound) 427 # vi-column (not bound) 428 # vi-complete (not bound) 429 # vi-delete (not bound) 430 # vi-delete-to (not bound) 431 # vi-eWord (not bound) 432 # vi-editing-mode (not bound) 433 # vi-end-word (not bound) 434 # vi-eof-maybe (not bound) 435 # vi-eword (not bound) 436 # vi-fWord (not bound) 437 # vi-fetch-history (not bound) 438 # vi-first-print (not bound) 439 # vi-fword (not bound) 440 # vi-goto-mark (not bound) 441 # vi-insert-beg (not bound) 442 # vi-insertion-mode (not bound) 443 # vi-match (not bound) 444 # vi-movement-mode (not bound) 445 # vi-next-word (not bound) 446 # vi-overstrike (not bound) 447 # vi-overstrike-delete (not bound) 448 # vi-prev-word (not bound) 449 # vi-put (not bound) 450 # vi-redo (not bound) 451 # vi-replace (not bound) 452 # vi-rubout (not bound) 453 # vi-search (not bound) 454 # vi-search-again (not bound) 455 # vi-set-mark (not bound) 456 # vi-subst (not bound) 457 # vi-tilde-expand (not bound) 458 # vi-yank-arg (not bound) 459 # vi-yank-to (not bound) 460 "\C-y": yank 461 "\M-.": yank-last-arg 462 "\M-_": yank-last-arg 463 "\M-\C-y": yank-nth-arg 464 "\M-y": yank-pop
Время первой команды журнала | 11:50:12 2010- 1-11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 16:07:19 2010- 1-11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 20.79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 3.96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 2.53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008