08:53:23
|
#screen -x
|
| /l3/users/11-01-2010/nt-ladm/debian1.net.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 |
|
|
#ping ya.ru -c 2
PING ya.ru (213.180.204.8) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from ya.ru (213.180.204.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=57.7 ms 64 bytes from ya.ru (213.180.204.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=52.5 ms --- ya.ru ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 52.510/55.105/57.700/2.595 ms |
|
#vlock
*** This tty is not a VC (virtual console). *** *** It may not be securely locked. *** This TTY is now locked by root. Please press Enter to unlock. Password: |
|
#l3pwd
/users/11-01-2010/nt-ladm/debian1.net.nt/root |
|
#pstree
init─┬─cron
├─events/0
├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
│ └─gdmlogin
├─6*[getty]
├─khelper
├─klogd
├─ksoftirqd/0
├─kthread─┬─aio/0
│ ├─kblockd/0
...
│ ├─2*[pdflush]
│ ├─reiserfs/0
│ ├─xenbus
│ └─xenwatch
├─l3-agent
├─migration/0
├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash───pstree
│ ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
│ └─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───script───bash───script───script───bash
└─syslogd
|
|
#free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 580 170 410 0 70 29
-/+ buffers/cache: 69 510
Swap: 0 0 0
|
|
#cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 594068 kB MemFree: 419848 kB Buffers: 72468 kB Cached: 30136 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 90940 kB Inactive: 31680 kB HighTotal: 0 kB HighFree: 0 kB LowTotal: 594068 kB ... Mapped: 11124 kB Slab: 36192 kB PageTables: 800 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB CommitLimit: 297032 kB Committed_AS: 42196 kB VmallocTotal: 255992 kB VmallocUsed: 1428 kB VmallocChunk: 254180 kB |
|
#cat /proc/meminfo | less
|
|
#dmidecode | less
|
|
#ssh 192.168.16.254
Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed. |
|
#a=0
|
|
#bash
[root@debian1:~]# echo $a 0 |
|
#exit
exit |
|
#echo $a
0 |
|
#export a
|
|
#bash
|
|
#pstree
init─┬─cron
├─events/0
├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
│ └─gdmlogin
├─6*[getty]
├─khelper
├─klogd
├─ksoftirqd/0
├─kthread─┬─aio/0
│ ├─kblockd/0
...
│ ├─2*[pdflush]
│ ├─reiserfs/0
│ ├─xenbus
│ └─xenwatch
├─l3-agent
├─migration/0
├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash
│ ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
│ └─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───sc+
└─syslogd
|
|
#pstree
init─┬─cron
├─events/0
├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
│ └─gdmlogin
├─6*[getty]
├─khelper
├─klogd
├─ksoftirqd/0
├─kthread─┬─aio/0
│ ├─kblockd/0
...
│ ├─2*[pdflush]
│ ├─reiserfs/0
│ ├─xenbus
│ └─xenwatch
├─l3-agent
├─migration/0
├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash
│ ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
│ └─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───sc+
└─syslogd
|
|
#pstree
init─┬─cron
├─events/0
├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
│ └─gdmlogin
├─6*[getty]
├─khelper
├─klogd
├─ksoftirqd/0
├─kthread─┬─aio/0
│ ├─kblockd/0
...
│ ├─2*[pdflush]
│ ├─reiserfs/0
│ ├─xenbus
│ └─xenwatch
├─l3-agent
├─migration/0
├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash───pstree
│ ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
│ └─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───script+
└─syslogd
|
|
#ssh 192.168.16.23
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.23 (192.168.16.23)' can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.23' (DSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
Last login: Sat Jan 9 17:20:11 2010 from debian.net.nt
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008
Welcome to FreeBSD!
...
http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has
been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
Removing stale pidfile
|
|
#ssh 192.168.16.23
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.23 (192.168.16.23)' can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.23' (DSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
Last login: Sat Jan 9 17:20:11 2010 from debian.net.nt
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008
Welcome to FreeBSD!
...
http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has
been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
Removing stale pidfile
|
|
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=pstree
[root@fbsd3:~]# cd /usr/ports/ Port: pstree-2.32 Path: /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree Info: List processes as a tree Maint: ports@logvinov.com B-deps: R-deps: WWW: |
|
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=pstree
[root@fbsd3:~]# cd /usr/ports/ Port: pstree-2.32 Path: /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree Info: List processes as a tree Maint: ports@logvinov.com B-deps: R-deps: WWW: |
|
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=pstree
[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search key=pstree Port: dvdrip-0.98.8 Path: /usr/ports/multimedia/dvdrip Info: A Perl Gtk+ based dvd-ripper Maint: ports@FreeBSD.org B-deps: atk-1.20.0 bitstream-vera-1.10_4 cairo-1.4.10_1 cdrtools-2.01_6 compositeproto-0.4 damageproto-1.1.0_2 encodings-1.0.2,1 expat-2.0.0_1 fixesproto-4.0 font-bh-ttf-1.0.0 font-misc-ethiopic-1.0.0 font-misc-meltho-1.0.0_1 font-util-1.0.1 fontcacheproto-0.1.2 fontconfig-2.4.2_2,1 fontsproto-2.0.2 freetype2-2.3.5 gettext-0.16.1_3 glib-2.14.2 gtk-2.12.1_1 hicolor-icon-theme-0.10_2 inputproto-1.4. R-deps: ImageMagick-6.3.6.9 atk-1.20.0 bitstream-vera-1.10_4 cairo-1.4.10_1 cdrdao-1.2.2 cdrtools-2.01_6 compositeproto-0.4 curl-7.16.3 damageproto-1.1.0_2 djbfft-0.76_2 encodings-1.0.2,1 expat-2.0.0_1 faad2-2.6_1,1 ffmpeg-2007.10.04_1 fixesproto-4.0 flac-1.1.2_2 font-bh-ttf-1.0.0 font-misc-ethiopic-1.0.0 font-misc-meltho-1.0.0_1 font-util-1.0.1 fontcacheproto-0.1.2 fontconfig-2.4.2_2,1 fontsproto WWW: http://www.exit1.org/dvdrip/ Port: psmisc-21.9 Path: /usr/ports/sysutils/psmisc ... B-deps: R-deps: WWW: Port: pstree-2.32 Path: /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree Info: List processes as a tree Maint: ports@logvinov.com B-deps: R-deps: WWW: |
|
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=pstree
[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search key=pstree Port: dvdrip-0.98.8 Path: /usr/ports/multimedia/dvdrip Info: A Perl Gtk+ based dvd-ripper Maint: ports@FreeBSD.org B-deps: atk-1.20.0 bitstream-vera-1.10_4 cairo-1.4.10_1 cdrtools-2.01_6 compositeproto-0.4 damageproto-1.1.0_2 encodings-1.0.2,1 expat-2.0.0_1 fixesproto-4.0 font-bh-ttf-1.0.0 font-misc-ethiopic-1.0.0 font-misc-meltho-1.0.0_1 font-util-1.0.1 fontcacheproto-0.1.2 fontconfig-2.4.2_2,1 fontsproto-2.0.2 freetype2-2.3.5 gettext-0.16.1_3 glib-2.14.2 gtk-2.12.1_1 hicolor-icon-theme-0.10_2 inputproto-1.4. R-deps: ImageMagick-6.3.6.9 atk-1.20.0 bitstream-vera-1.10_4 cairo-1.4.10_1 cdrdao-1.2.2 cdrtools-2.01_6 compositeproto-0.4 curl-7.16.3 damageproto-1.1.0_2 djbfft-0.76_2 encodings-1.0.2,1 expat-2.0.0_1 faad2-2.6_1,1 ffmpeg-2007.10.04_1 fixesproto-4.0 flac-1.1.2_2 font-bh-ttf-1.0.0 font-misc-ethiopic-1.0.0 font-misc-meltho-1.0.0_1 font-util-1.0.1 fontcacheproto-0.1.2 fontconfig-2.4.2_2,1 fontsproto WWW: http://www.exit1.org/dvdrip/ Port: psmisc-21.9 Path: /usr/ports/sysutils/psmisc ... B-deps: R-deps: WWW: Port: pstree-2.32 Path: /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree Info: List processes as a tree Maint: ports@logvinov.com B-deps: R-deps: WWW: |
|
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]# make install
[root@fbsd3:ports]# cd sysutils/pstree/ ===> Vulnerability check disabled, database not found => pstree-2.32.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/. => Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/. fetch: ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/pstree-2.32.tar.gz: size unknown fetch: ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/pstree-2.32.tar.gz: size of remote file is not known pstree-2.32.tar.gz 9 kB 77 kBps ===> Extracting for pstree-2.32 => MD5 Checksum OK for pstree-2.32.tar.gz. => SHA256 Checksum OK for pstree-2.32.tar.gz. ===> Patching for pstree-2.32 ===> Configuring for pstree-2.32 ===> Building for pstree-2.32 cd /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree/work && cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -o pstree pstree.c ===> Installing for pstree-2.32 ===> Generating temporary packing list ===> Checking if sysutils/pstree already installed install -s -o root -g wheel -m 555 /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree/work/pstree /usr/local/bin ===> Registering installation for pstree-2.32 |
|
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]# make install
[root@fbsd3:ports]# cd sysutils/pstree/ ===> Vulnerability check disabled, database not found => pstree-2.32.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/. => Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/. fetch: ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/pstree-2.32.tar.gz: size unknown fetch: ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/pstree-2.32.tar.gz: size of remote file is not known pstree-2.32.tar.gz 9 kB 77 kBps ===> Extracting for pstree-2.32 => MD5 Checksum OK for pstree-2.32.tar.gz. => SHA256 Checksum OK for pstree-2.32.tar.gz. ===> Patching for pstree-2.32 ===> Configuring for pstree-2.32 ===> Building for pstree-2.32 cd /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree/work && cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -o pstree pstree.c ===> Installing for pstree-2.32 ===> Generating temporary packing list ===> Checking if sysutils/pstree already installed install -s -o root -g wheel -m 555 /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree/work/pstree /usr/local/bin ===> Registering installation for pstree-2.32 |
|
#cd ..
|
|
#pwd
/ |
|
#ls
bin dev home lib media opt root srv tmp var boot etc initrd lost+found mnt proc sbin sys usr |
|
#pstree
init─┬─cron
├─events/0
├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
│ └─gdmlogin
├─6*[getty]
├─khelper
├─klogd
├─ksoftirqd/0
├─kthread─┬─aio/0
│ ├─kblockd/0
...
│ ├─reiserfs/0
│ ├─xenbus
│ └─xenwatch
├─l3-agent
├─migration/0
├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash───pstree
│ ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
│ ├─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───script+
│ └─sshd───script───script───bash
└─syslogd
|
|
#LYNX
bash: LYNX: command not found |
|
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]#
[root@fbsd3:pstree]# pstree | less -+= 00001 root /sbin/init -- |--= 00151 root adjkerntz -i |--= 00625 root /usr/sbin/moused -p /dev/ums0 -t auto -I /var/run/moused.ums0.pid |--= 00700 root /sbin/devd |--= 00771 root /usr/sbin/syslogd -s |--= 00830 root /usr/sbin/usbd |--= 00837 root /usr/sbin/moused -p /dev/psm0 -t auto |-+= 00926 root /usr/sbin/sshd | \-+= 08014 root sshd: root@ttyp1 (sshd) | \-+= 08018 root script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo//7878610646005869-1263197656.script | \-+= 08061 root /usr/local/bin/bash -i | |-+= 08927 root pstree | | \-+- 08929 root sh -c ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command | | \--- 08930 root ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command | \--- 08928 root /usr/local/bin/bash -i |--= 00932 root sendmail: accepting connections (sendmail) |--= 00936 smmsp sendmail: Queue runner@00:30:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue (sendmail) |--= 00942 root /usr/sbin/cron -s |--= 00965 root /usr/sbin/inetd -wW -C 60 |-+- 00991 root /usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon ttyv8 |
|
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]#
[root@fbsd3:pstree]# pstree | less -+= 00001 root /sbin/init -- |--= 00151 root adjkerntz -i |--= 00625 root /usr/sbin/moused -p /dev/ums0 -t auto -I /var/run/moused.ums0.pid |--= 00700 root /sbin/devd |--= 00771 root /usr/sbin/syslogd -s |--= 00830 root /usr/sbin/usbd |--= 00837 root /usr/sbin/moused -p /dev/psm0 -t auto |-+= 00926 root /usr/sbin/sshd | \-+= 08014 root sshd: root@ttyp1 (sshd) | \-+= 08018 root script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo//7878610646005869-1263197656.script | \-+= 08061 root /usr/local/bin/bash -i | |-+= 08927 root pstree | | \-+- 08929 root sh -c ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command | | \--- 08930 root ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command | \--- 08928 root /usr/local/bin/bash -i |--= 00932 root sendmail: accepting connections (sendmail) |--= 00936 smmsp sendmail: Queue runner@00:30:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue (sendmail) |--= 00942 root /usr/sbin/cron -s |--= 00965 root /usr/sbin/inetd -wW -C 60 |-+- 00991 root /usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon ttyv8 |
|
#whatis intro
intro (7) - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section intro (4) - Introduction to special files intro (1) - Introduction to user commands intro (8) - Introduction to administration and privileged commands intro (2) - Introduction to system calls intro (6) - Introduction to games intro (5) - Introduction to file formats intro (3) - Introduction to library functions |
|
#whatis intro
intro (7) - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section intro (4) - Introduction to special files intro (1) - Introduction to user commands intro (8) - Introduction to administration and privileged commands intro (2) - Introduction to system calls intro (6) - Introduction to games intro (5) - Introduction to file formats intro (3) - Introduction to library functions |
|
#ls -l /usr/share/man/
итого 37 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 cs drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 de drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-01-31 00:27 es drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 96 2007-12-23 16:31 fi drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 144 2007-12-23 16:42 fr drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 fr.ISO8859-1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 fr.UTF-8 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 gl drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 hu ... drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 80 2007-12-23 16:31 man9 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 pl drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 pl.ISO8859-2 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 pl.UTF-8 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 pt_BR drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 ru drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 sv drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 tr drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 zh_CN drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 zh_TW |
|
#ls -l /usr/share/man/
итого 37 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 cs drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 de drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-01-31 00:27 es drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 96 2007-12-23 16:31 fi drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 144 2007-12-23 16:42 fr drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 fr.ISO8859-1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 fr.UTF-8 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 gl drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 hu ... drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 80 2007-12-23 16:31 man9 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 pl drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 pl.ISO8859-2 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 72 2007-12-23 16:31 pl.UTF-8 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 pt_BR drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 ru drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 sv drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 tr drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 zh_CN drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 120 2007-02-27 09:53 zh_TW |
|
#ls -l /usr/share/man/man5/
итого 540 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 956 2005-12-09 08:04 acct.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1774 2007-01-19 09:25 adduser.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5768 2006-12-04 19:43 apt.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4376 2006-12-04 19:43 apt_preferences.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1663 2006-04-29 09:01 charmap.5.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2008-07-04 20:08 complex.5.gz -> ../man7/complex.7.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2397 2006-05-28 07:46 core.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4388 2006-12-20 01:58 crontab.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1128 2007-01-02 01:01 deb.5.gz ... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32543 2006-10-19 14:01 terminfo.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1678 2006-04-03 22:46 tzfile.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1978 2007-02-25 21:30 ucf.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4425 2006-08-09 17:36 utmp.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2384 2006-12-30 13:50 vnc.conf.5x.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2008-07-04 20:08 wtmp.5.gz -> utmp.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16562 2007-04-04 04:36 xorg.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4853 2007-02-13 12:02 Xsession.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1570 2007-02-13 12:02 Xsession.options.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1882 2007-02-13 12:02 Xwrapper.config.5.gz |
|
#ls -l /usr/share/man/man5/
итого 540 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 956 2005-12-09 08:04 acct.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1774 2007-01-19 09:25 adduser.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5768 2006-12-04 19:43 apt.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4376 2006-12-04 19:43 apt_preferences.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1663 2006-04-29 09:01 charmap.5.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2008-07-04 20:08 complex.5.gz -> ../man7/complex.7.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2397 2006-05-28 07:46 core.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4388 2006-12-20 01:58 crontab.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1128 2007-01-02 01:01 deb.5.gz ... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32543 2006-10-19 14:01 terminfo.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1678 2006-04-03 22:46 tzfile.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1978 2007-02-25 21:30 ucf.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4425 2006-08-09 17:36 utmp.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2384 2006-12-30 13:50 vnc.conf.5x.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2008-07-04 20:08 wtmp.5.gz -> utmp.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16562 2007-04-04 04:36 xorg.conf.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4853 2007-02-13 12:02 Xsession.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1570 2007-02-13 12:02 Xsession.options.5.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1882 2007-02-13 12:02 Xwrapper.config.5.gz |
|
#file /usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz: gzip compressed data, was "xorg.conf.5", from Unix, last modified: Wed Apr 4 04:36:02 2007, max compression |
|
#file /usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz: gzip compressed data, was "xorg.conf.5", from Unix, last modified: Wed Apr 4 04:36:02 2007, max compression |
|
#LANG=C
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1) User Commands PASSWD(1)
NAME
passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
may change the password for any account. passwd also changes
account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
Password Changes
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
forgotten passwords may be changed.
After the password has been entered, password aging information is
|
|
#LANG=C
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1) User Commands PASSWD(1)
NAME
passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
may change the password for any account. passwd also changes
account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
Password Changes
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
forgotten passwords may be changed.
After the password has been entered, password aging information is
|
|
#LANG=C man passwd
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1) User Commands PASSWD(1)
NAME
passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
may change the password for any account. passwd also changes
account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
Password Changes
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
forgotten passwords may be changed.
After the password has been entered, password aging information is
|
|
#LANG=C man passwd
[root@debian1:~]# vim /etc/passwd
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1) User Commands PASSWD(1)
NAME
passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
may change the password for any account. passwd also changes
account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
Password Changes
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
forgotten passwords may be changed.
After the password has been entered, password aging information is
|
|
#LANG=C man 5
Reformatting passwd(5), please wait...
PASSWD(5) File Formats and Conversions PASSWD(5)
NAME
passwd - the password file
DESCRIPTION
/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven
fields delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:
o login name
o optional encrypted password
o numerical user ID
o numerical group ID
o user name or comment field
o user home directory
o optional user command interpreter
|
|
#LANG=C man 5
Reformatting passwd(5), please wait...
PASSWD(5) File Formats and Conversions PASSWD(5)
NAME
passwd - the password file
DESCRIPTION
/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven
fields delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:
o login name
o optional encrypted password
o numerical user ID
o numerical group ID
o user name or comment field
o user home directory
o optional user command interpreter
|
|
#LANG=C man -a passwd
[root@debian1:~]# LANG=C man -a
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(5) File Formats and Conversions PASSWD(5)
NAMErmatting passwd(5), please wait...
passwd - the password fileord
DESCRIPTION
/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven
fields delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:
DESCRIPTION
o login names passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
...
o numerical user IDher password expiry date and interval.
o numerical group ID
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
o user name or comment fieldn encrypted and compared against the
stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
o user home directoryer is permitted to bypass this step so that
forgotten passwords may be changed.
o optional user command interpreter
After the password has been entered, password aging information is
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
|
|
#LANG=C man -a passwd
[root@debian1:~]# LANG=C man -a
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(5) File Formats and Conversions PASSWD(5)
NAMErmatting passwd(5), please wait...
passwd - the password fileord
DESCRIPTION
/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven
fields delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:
DESCRIPTION
o login names passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
...
o numerical user IDher password expiry date and interval.
o numerical group ID
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
o user name or comment fieldn encrypted and compared against the
stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
o user home directoryer is permitted to bypass this step so that
forgotten passwords may be changed.
o optional user command interpreter
After the password has been entered, password aging information is
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
|
|
#find /usr/share/man/ -name intro\*
/usr/share/man/man1/intro.1.gz /usr/share/man/man2/intro.2.gz /usr/share/man/man3/intro.3.gz /usr/share/man/man4/intro.4.gz /usr/share/man/man5/intro.5.gz /usr/share/man/man6/intro.6.gz /usr/share/man/man7/intro.7.gz /usr/share/man/man8/intro.8.gz |
|
#find /usr/share/man/ -name intro\*
/usr/share/man/man1/intro.1.gz /usr/share/man/man2/intro.2.gz /usr/share/man/man3/intro.3.gz /usr/share/man/man4/intro.4.gz /usr/share/man/man5/intro.5.gz /usr/share/man/man6/intro.6.gz /usr/share/man/man7/intro.7.gz /usr/share/man/man8/intro.8.gz |
|
#find /usr/share/man/ -name intro\*
/usr/share/man/man1/intro.1.gz /usr/share/man/man2/intro.2.gz /usr/share/man/man3/intro.3.gz /usr/share/man/man4/intro.4.gz /usr/share/man/man5/intro.5.gz /usr/share/man/man6/intro.6.gz /usr/share/man/man7/intro.7.gz /usr/share/man/man8/intro.8.gz |
|
#find /usr/share/man/ -name intro\*
/usr/share/man/man1/intro.1.gz /usr/share/man/man2/intro.2.gz /usr/share/man/man3/intro.3.gz /usr/share/man/man4/intro.4.gz /usr/share/man/man5/intro.5.gz /usr/share/man/man6/intro.6.gz /usr/share/man/man7/intro.7.gz /usr/share/man/man8/intro.8.gz |
|
#whatis intro
intro (7) - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section intro (4) - Introduction to special files intro (1) - Introduction to user commands intro (8) - Introduction to administration and privileged commands intro (2) - Introduction to system calls intro (6) - Introduction to games intro (5) - Introduction to file formats intro (3) - Introduction to library functions |
|
#whatis intro
intro (7) - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section intro (4) - Introduction to special files intro (1) - Introduction to user commands intro (8) - Introduction to administration and privileged commands intro (2) - Introduction to system calls intro (6) - Introduction to games intro (5) - Introduction to file formats intro (3) - Introduction to library functions |
|
#whatis intro
intro (7) - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section intro (4) - Introduction to special files intro (1) - Introduction to user commands intro (8) - Introduction to administration and privileged commands intro (2) - Introduction to system calls intro (6) - Introduction to games intro (5) - Introduction to file formats intro (3) - Introduction to library functions |
|
#whatis intro
intro (7) - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section intro (4) - Introduction to special files intro (1) - Introduction to user commands intro (8) - Introduction to administration and privileged commands intro (2) - Introduction to system calls intro (6) - Introduction to games intro (5) - Introduction to file formats intro (3) - Introduction to library functions |
|
#LANG=C
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1) User Commands PASSWD(1)
NAME
passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
may change the password for any account. passwd also changes
account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
Password Changes
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
forgotten passwords may be changed.
After the password has been entered, password aging information is
|
|
#LANG=C
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1) User Commands PASSWD(1)
NAME
passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
may change the password for any account. passwd also changes
account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
Password Changes
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
forgotten passwords may be changed.
After the password has been entered, password aging information is
|
|
#apr
chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode gpasswd (1) - administer the /etc/group file passwd (1) - change user password passwd (5) - the password file realvncpasswd (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC realvncpasswd.real (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group vncpasswd (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC |
|
#apr
chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode gpasswd (1) - administer the /etc/group file passwd (1) - change user password passwd (5) - the password file realvncpasswd (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC realvncpasswd.real (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group vncpasswd (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC |
|
#apropos passwd
chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode gpasswd (1) - administer the /etc/group file passwd (1) - change user password passwd (5) - the password file realvncpasswd (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC realvncpasswd.real (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group vncpasswd (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC |
MemTotal: 594068 kB MemFree: 419848 kB Buffers: 72468 kB Cached: 30136 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 90940 kB Inactive: 31680 kB HighTotal: 0 kB HighFree: 0 kB LowTotal: 594068 kB LowFree: 419848 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 40 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 20024 kB Mapped: 11124 kB Slab: 36192 kB PageTables: 800 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB CommitLimit: 297032 kB Committed_AS: 42196 kB VmallocTotal: 255992 kB VmallocUsed: 1428 kB VmallocChunk: 254180 kB
| Время первой команды журнала | 18:22:31 2010- 1- 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Время последней команды журнала | 09:32:11 2010- 1-11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в журнале | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 4.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 2.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
| Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1
2
3
4
Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса,
нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008