Журнал лабораторных работ

Содержание

Журнал

Суббота (01/09/10)

/dev/ttyp0
18:22:31
#l3pwd
/users/11-01-2010/nt-ladm/debian1.net.nt/root
18:22:35
#ping ya.ru -c 2
PING ya.ru (213.180.204.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from ya.ru (213.180.204.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=57.7 ms
64 bytes from ya.ru (213.180.204.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=52.5 ms
--- ya.ru ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 52.510/55.105/57.700/2.595 ms

Понедельник (01/11/10)

/dev/ttyp0
07:19:48
#vlock
 *** This tty is not a VC (virtual console). ***
 *** It may not be securely locked. ***
This TTY is now locked by root.
Please press Enter to unlock.
Password:
прошло 83 минуты
08:43:06
#l3pwd
/users/11-01-2010/nt-ladm/debian1.net.nt/root
08:43:12
#pstree
init─┬─cron
     ├─events/0
     ├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
     │           └─gdmlogin
     ├─6*[getty]
     ├─khelper
     ├─klogd
     ├─ksoftirqd/0
     ├─kthread─┬─aio/0
     │         ├─kblockd/0
...
     │         ├─2*[pdflush]
     │         ├─reiserfs/0
     │         ├─xenbus
     │         └─xenwatch
     ├─l3-agent
     ├─migration/0
     ├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash───pstree
     │      ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
     │      └─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───script───bash───script───script───bash
     └─syslogd
прошло 10 минут
/dev/ttyp2
08:53:23
#screen -x
/dev/ttyp3
08:53:23
#screen -x
/dev/ttyp6
08:53:29
#screen
/dev/ttyp8
08:53:42
#hello zlo
bash: hello: command not found
08:53:49
#free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           580        170        410          0         70         29
-/+ buffers/cache:         69        510
Swap:            0          0          0
09:02:07
#cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:       594068 kB
MemFree:        419848 kB
Buffers:         72468 kB
Cached:          30136 kB
SwapCached:          0 kB
Active:          90940 kB
Inactive:        31680 kB
HighTotal:           0 kB
HighFree:            0 kB
LowTotal:       594068 kB
...
Mapped:          11124 kB
Slab:            36192 kB
PageTables:        800 kB
NFS_Unstable:        0 kB
Bounce:              0 kB
CommitLimit:    297032 kB
Committed_AS:    42196 kB
VmallocTotal:   255992 kB
VmallocUsed:      1428 kB
VmallocChunk:   254180 kB
09:03:35
#cat /proc/meminfo | less
09:03:51
#dmidecode | less
09:04:01
#ssh 192.168.16.254
Connection to 192.168.16.254 closed.
09:10:51
#a=0

09:10:57
#bash
[root@debian1:~]# echo $a
0
/dev/ttyp9
09:11:01
#echo $a

/dev/ttyp8
09:11:01
#echo $a

09:11:24
#exit
exit
09:11:29
#echo $a
0
09:11:36
#export a

09:12:04
#bash

/dev/ttyp9
09:12:06
#echo $a
0
/dev/ttyp8
09:12:06
#echo $a
0
/dev/ttyp9
09:12:08
#pstree
init─┬─cron
     ├─events/0
     ├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
     │           └─gdmlogin
     ├─6*[getty]
     ├─khelper
     ├─klogd
     ├─ksoftirqd/0
     ├─kthread─┬─aio/0
     │         ├─kblockd/0
...
     │         ├─2*[pdflush]
     │         ├─reiserfs/0
     │         ├─xenbus
     │         └─xenwatch
     ├─l3-agent
     ├─migration/0
     ├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash
     │      ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
     │      └─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───sc+
     └─syslogd
/dev/ttyp8
09:12:08
#pstree
init─┬─cron
     ├─events/0
     ├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
     │           └─gdmlogin
     ├─6*[getty]
     ├─khelper
     ├─klogd
     ├─ksoftirqd/0
     ├─kthread─┬─aio/0
     │         ├─kblockd/0
...
     │         ├─2*[pdflush]
     │         ├─reiserfs/0
     │         ├─xenbus
     │         └─xenwatch
     ├─l3-agent
     ├─migration/0
     ├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash
     │      ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
     │      └─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───sc+
     └─syslogd
/dev/ttyp9
09:13:24
#pstree | less
/dev/ttyp8
09:13:24
#pstree | less
/dev/ttyp0
09:13:43
#pstree
init─┬─cron
     ├─events/0
     ├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
     │           └─gdmlogin
     ├─6*[getty]
     ├─khelper
     ├─klogd
     ├─ksoftirqd/0
     ├─kthread─┬─aio/0
     │         ├─kblockd/0
...
     │         ├─2*[pdflush]
     │         ├─reiserfs/0
     │         ├─xenbus
     │         └─xenwatch
     ├─l3-agent
     ├─migration/0
     ├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash───pstree
     │      ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
     │      └─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───script+
     └─syslogd
/dev/ttyp9
09:13:56
#ssh 192.168.16.23
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.23 (192.168.16.23)' can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.23' (DSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
Last login: Sat Jan  9 17:20:11 2010 from debian.net.nt
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008
Welcome to FreeBSD!
...
   http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/.  If the doc distribution has
   been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list.  If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page.  If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility.  Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
Removing stale pidfile
/dev/ttyp8
09:13:56
#ssh 192.168.16.23
The authenticity of host '192.168.16.23 (192.168.16.23)' can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 13:3f:fb:2a:53:62:8e:f8:0e:c7:3a:c9:10:99:b6:25.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.16.23' (DSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
Last login: Sat Jan  9 17:20:11 2010 from debian.net.nt
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE (SMP) #0: Wed Jan 16 04:45:45 UTC 2008
Welcome to FreeBSD!
...
   http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/.  If the doc distribution has
   been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list.  If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page.  If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility.  Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
Removing stale pidfile
/dev/ttyp9
09:15:08
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=pstree
[root@fbsd3:~]# cd /usr/ports/
Port:   pstree-2.32
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree
Info:   List processes as a tree
Maint:  ports@logvinov.com
B-deps:
R-deps:
WWW:
/dev/ttyp8
09:15:08
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=pstree
[root@fbsd3:~]# cd /usr/ports/
Port:   pstree-2.32
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree
Info:   List processes as a tree
Maint:  ports@logvinov.com
B-deps:
R-deps:
WWW:
/dev/ttyp9
09:15:44
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=pstree
[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search key=pstree
Port:   dvdrip-0.98.8
Path:   /usr/ports/multimedia/dvdrip
Info:   A Perl Gtk+ based dvd-ripper
Maint:  ports@FreeBSD.org
B-deps: atk-1.20.0 bitstream-vera-1.10_4 cairo-1.4.10_1 cdrtools-2.01_6 compositeproto-0.4 damageproto-1.1.0_2 encodings-1.0.2,1 expat-2.0.0_1 fixesproto-4.0 font-bh-ttf-1.0.0 font-misc-ethiopic-1.0.0 font-misc-meltho-1.0.0_1 font-util-1.0.1 fontcacheproto-0.1.2 fontconfig-2.4.2_2,1 fontsproto-2.0.2 freetype2-2.3.5 gettext-0.16.1_3 glib-2.14.2 gtk-2.12.1_1 hicolor-icon-theme-0.10_2 inputproto-1.4.
R-deps: ImageMagick-6.3.6.9 atk-1.20.0 bitstream-vera-1.10_4 cairo-1.4.10_1 cdrdao-1.2.2 cdrtools-2.01_6 compositeproto-0.4 curl-7.16.3 damageproto-1.1.0_2 djbfft-0.76_2 encodings-1.0.2,1 expat-2.0.0_1 faad2-2.6_1,1 ffmpeg-2007.10.04_1 fixesproto-4.0 flac-1.1.2_2 font-bh-ttf-1.0.0 font-misc-ethiopic-1.0.0 font-misc-meltho-1.0.0_1 font-util-1.0.1 fontcacheproto-0.1.2 fontconfig-2.4.2_2,1 fontsproto
WWW:    http://www.exit1.org/dvdrip/
Port:   psmisc-21.9
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/psmisc
...
B-deps:
R-deps:
WWW:
Port:   pstree-2.32
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree
Info:   List processes as a tree
Maint:  ports@logvinov.com
B-deps:
R-deps:
WWW:
/dev/ttyp8
09:15:44
#[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search name=pstree
[root@fbsd3:ports]# make search key=pstree
Port:   dvdrip-0.98.8
Path:   /usr/ports/multimedia/dvdrip
Info:   A Perl Gtk+ based dvd-ripper
Maint:  ports@FreeBSD.org
B-deps: atk-1.20.0 bitstream-vera-1.10_4 cairo-1.4.10_1 cdrtools-2.01_6 compositeproto-0.4 damageproto-1.1.0_2 encodings-1.0.2,1 expat-2.0.0_1 fixesproto-4.0 font-bh-ttf-1.0.0 font-misc-ethiopic-1.0.0 font-misc-meltho-1.0.0_1 font-util-1.0.1 fontcacheproto-0.1.2 fontconfig-2.4.2_2,1 fontsproto-2.0.2 freetype2-2.3.5 gettext-0.16.1_3 glib-2.14.2 gtk-2.12.1_1 hicolor-icon-theme-0.10_2 inputproto-1.4.
R-deps: ImageMagick-6.3.6.9 atk-1.20.0 bitstream-vera-1.10_4 cairo-1.4.10_1 cdrdao-1.2.2 cdrtools-2.01_6 compositeproto-0.4 curl-7.16.3 damageproto-1.1.0_2 djbfft-0.76_2 encodings-1.0.2,1 expat-2.0.0_1 faad2-2.6_1,1 ffmpeg-2007.10.04_1 fixesproto-4.0 flac-1.1.2_2 font-bh-ttf-1.0.0 font-misc-ethiopic-1.0.0 font-misc-meltho-1.0.0_1 font-util-1.0.1 fontcacheproto-0.1.2 fontconfig-2.4.2_2,1 fontsproto
WWW:    http://www.exit1.org/dvdrip/
Port:   psmisc-21.9
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/psmisc
...
B-deps:
R-deps:
WWW:
Port:   pstree-2.32
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree
Info:   List processes as a tree
Maint:  ports@logvinov.com
B-deps:
R-deps:
WWW:
/dev/ttyp9
09:16:01
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]# make install
[root@fbsd3:ports]# cd sysutils/pstree/
===>  Vulnerability check disabled, database not found
=> pstree-2.32.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
=> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/.
fetch: ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/pstree-2.32.tar.gz: size unknown
fetch: ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/pstree-2.32.tar.gz: size of remote file is not known
pstree-2.32.tar.gz                                       9 kB   77 kBps
===>  Extracting for pstree-2.32
=> MD5 Checksum OK for pstree-2.32.tar.gz.
=> SHA256 Checksum OK for pstree-2.32.tar.gz.
===>  Patching for pstree-2.32
===>  Configuring for pstree-2.32
===>  Building for pstree-2.32
cd /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree/work && cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe  -o pstree pstree.c
===>  Installing for pstree-2.32
===>   Generating temporary packing list
===>  Checking if sysutils/pstree already installed
install  -s -o root -g wheel -m 555 /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree/work/pstree /usr/local/bin
===>   Registering installation for pstree-2.32
/dev/ttyp8
09:16:01
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]# make install
[root@fbsd3:ports]# cd sysutils/pstree/
===>  Vulnerability check disabled, database not found
=> pstree-2.32.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
=> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/.
fetch: ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/pstree-2.32.tar.gz: size unknown
fetch: ftp://ftp.thp.uni-duisburg.de/pub/source/pstree-2.32.tar.gz: size of remote file is not known
pstree-2.32.tar.gz                                       9 kB   77 kBps
===>  Extracting for pstree-2.32
=> MD5 Checksum OK for pstree-2.32.tar.gz.
=> SHA256 Checksum OK for pstree-2.32.tar.gz.
===>  Patching for pstree-2.32
===>  Configuring for pstree-2.32
===>  Building for pstree-2.32
cd /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree/work && cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe  -o pstree pstree.c
===>  Installing for pstree-2.32
===>   Generating temporary packing list
===>  Checking if sysutils/pstree already installed
install  -s -o root -g wheel -m 555 /usr/ports/sysutils/pstree/work/pstree /usr/local/bin
===>   Registering installation for pstree-2.32
/dev/ttyp0
09:17:02
#ls
1234
09:18:23
#cd ..

09:18:32
#pwd
/
/dev/ttypb
09:18:32
#screen -x
/dev/ttyp0
09:18:34
#ls
bin   dev  home    lib         media  opt   root  srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  initrd  lost+found  mnt    proc  sbin  sys  usr
09:18:36
#pstree
init─┬─cron
     ├─events/0
     ├─gdm───gdm─┬─Xvnc
     │           └─gdmlogin
     ├─6*[getty]
     ├─khelper
     ├─klogd
     ├─ksoftirqd/0
     ├─kthread─┬─aio/0
     │         ├─kblockd/0
...
     │         ├─reiserfs/0
     │         ├─xenbus
     │         └─xenwatch
     ├─l3-agent
     ├─migration/0
     ├─sshd─┬─sshd───script───script───bash───pstree
     │      ├─2*[sshd───script───script───bash───screen]
     │      ├─sshd───script───script───bash───screen───screen───script───script+
     │      └─sshd───script───script───bash
     └─syslogd
09:18:48
#LYNX
bash: LYNX: command not found
/dev/ttyp9
09:18:58
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]#
[root@fbsd3:pstree]# pstree | less
-+= 00001 root /sbin/init --
 |--= 00151 root adjkerntz -i
 |--= 00625 root /usr/sbin/moused -p /dev/ums0 -t auto -I /var/run/moused.ums0.pid
 |--= 00700 root /sbin/devd
 |--= 00771 root /usr/sbin/syslogd -s
 |--= 00830 root /usr/sbin/usbd
 |--= 00837 root /usr/sbin/moused -p /dev/psm0 -t auto
 |-+= 00926 root /usr/sbin/sshd
 | \-+= 08014 root sshd: root@ttyp1 (sshd)
 |   \-+= 08018 root script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo//7878610646005869-1263197656.script
 |     \-+= 08061 root /usr/local/bin/bash -i
 |       |-+= 08927 root pstree
 |       | \-+- 08929 root sh -c ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command
 |       |   \--- 08930 root ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command
 |       \--- 08928 root /usr/local/bin/bash -i
 |--= 00932 root sendmail: accepting connections (sendmail)
 |--= 00936 smmsp sendmail: Queue runner@00:30:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue (sendmail)
 |--= 00942 root /usr/sbin/cron -s
 |--= 00965 root /usr/sbin/inetd -wW -C 60
 |-+- 00991 root /usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon ttyv8
/dev/ttyp8
09:18:58
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]#
[root@fbsd3:pstree]# pstree | less
-+= 00001 root /sbin/init --
 |--= 00151 root adjkerntz -i
 |--= 00625 root /usr/sbin/moused -p /dev/ums0 -t auto -I /var/run/moused.ums0.pid
 |--= 00700 root /sbin/devd
 |--= 00771 root /usr/sbin/syslogd -s
 |--= 00830 root /usr/sbin/usbd
 |--= 00837 root /usr/sbin/moused -p /dev/psm0 -t auto
 |-+= 00926 root /usr/sbin/sshd
 | \-+= 08014 root sshd: root@ttyp1 (sshd)
 |   \-+= 08018 root script -t 0 -q /root/.lilalo//7878610646005869-1263197656.script
 |     \-+= 08061 root /usr/local/bin/bash -i
 |       |-+= 08927 root pstree
 |       | \-+- 08929 root sh -c ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command
 |       |   \--- 08930 root ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command
 |       \--- 08928 root /usr/local/bin/bash -i
 |--= 00932 root sendmail: accepting connections (sendmail)
 |--= 00936 smmsp sendmail: Queue runner@00:30:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue (sendmail)
 |--= 00942 root /usr/sbin/cron -s
 |--= 00965 root /usr/sbin/inetd -wW -C 60
 |-+- 00991 root /usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon ttyv8
/dev/ttyp9
09:18:59
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]#

/dev/ttyp8
09:18:59
#[root@fbsd3:pstree]#

/dev/ttyp9
09:21:20
#whatis intro
intro (7)            - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section
intro (4)            - Introduction to special files
intro (1)            - Introduction to user commands
intro (8)            - Introduction to administration and privileged commands
intro (2)            - Introduction to system calls
intro (6)            - Introduction to games
intro (5)            - Introduction to file formats
intro (3)            - Introduction to library functions
/dev/ttyp8
09:21:20
#whatis intro
intro (7)            - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section
intro (4)            - Introduction to special files
intro (1)            - Introduction to user commands
intro (8)            - Introduction to administration and privileged commands
intro (2)            - Introduction to system calls
intro (6)            - Introduction to games
intro (5)            - Introduction to file formats
intro (3)            - Introduction to library functions
/dev/ttyp9
09:24:37
#ls -l /usr/share/man/
итого 37
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 cs
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 de
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-01-31 00:27 es
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root    96 2007-12-23 16:31 fi
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root   144 2007-12-23 16:42 fr
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 fr.ISO8859-1
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 fr.UTF-8
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 gl
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 hu
...
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    80 2007-12-23 16:31 man9
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 pl
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 pl.ISO8859-2
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 pl.UTF-8
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 pt_BR
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 ru
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 sv
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 tr
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 zh_CN
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 zh_TW
/dev/ttyp8
09:24:37
#ls -l /usr/share/man/
итого 37
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 cs
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 de
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-01-31 00:27 es
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root    96 2007-12-23 16:31 fi
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root   144 2007-12-23 16:42 fr
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 fr.ISO8859-1
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 fr.UTF-8
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 gl
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 hu
...
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    80 2007-12-23 16:31 man9
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 pl
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 pl.ISO8859-2
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    72 2007-12-23 16:31 pl.UTF-8
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 pt_BR
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 ru
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 sv
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 tr
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 zh_CN
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   120 2007-02-27 09:53 zh_TW
/dev/ttyp9
09:24:53
#ls -l /usr/share/man/man5/
итого 540
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   956 2005-12-09 08:04 acct.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1774 2007-01-19 09:25 adduser.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5768 2006-12-04 19:43 apt.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4376 2006-12-04 19:43 apt_preferences.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1663 2006-04-29 09:01 charmap.5.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    20 2008-07-04 20:08 complex.5.gz -> ../man7/complex.7.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2397 2006-05-28 07:46 core.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4388 2006-12-20 01:58 crontab.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1128 2007-01-02 01:01 deb.5.gz
...
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32543 2006-10-19 14:01 terminfo.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1678 2006-04-03 22:46 tzfile.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1978 2007-02-25 21:30 ucf.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4425 2006-08-09 17:36 utmp.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2384 2006-12-30 13:50 vnc.conf.5x.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 2008-07-04 20:08 wtmp.5.gz -> utmp.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16562 2007-04-04 04:36 xorg.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4853 2007-02-13 12:02 Xsession.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1570 2007-02-13 12:02 Xsession.options.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1882 2007-02-13 12:02 Xwrapper.config.5.gz
/dev/ttyp8
09:24:53
#ls -l /usr/share/man/man5/
итого 540
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   956 2005-12-09 08:04 acct.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1774 2007-01-19 09:25 adduser.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5768 2006-12-04 19:43 apt.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4376 2006-12-04 19:43 apt_preferences.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1663 2006-04-29 09:01 charmap.5.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    20 2008-07-04 20:08 complex.5.gz -> ../man7/complex.7.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2397 2006-05-28 07:46 core.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4388 2006-12-20 01:58 crontab.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1128 2007-01-02 01:01 deb.5.gz
...
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32543 2006-10-19 14:01 terminfo.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1678 2006-04-03 22:46 tzfile.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1978 2007-02-25 21:30 ucf.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4425 2006-08-09 17:36 utmp.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2384 2006-12-30 13:50 vnc.conf.5x.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 2008-07-04 20:08 wtmp.5.gz -> utmp.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16562 2007-04-04 04:36 xorg.conf.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4853 2007-02-13 12:02 Xsession.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1570 2007-02-13 12:02 Xsession.options.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1882 2007-02-13 12:02 Xwrapper.config.5.gz
/dev/ttyp9
09:25:19
#file /usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz: gzip compressed data, was "xorg.conf.5", from Unix, last modified: Wed Apr  4 04:36:02 2007, max compression
/dev/ttyp8
09:25:19
#file /usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/xorg.conf.5.gz: gzip compressed data, was "xorg.conf.5", from Unix, last modified: Wed Apr  4 04:36:02 2007, max compression
/dev/ttyp9
09:25:51
#man xorg.conf
/dev/ttyp8
09:25:51
#man xorg.conf
/dev/ttyp9
09:26:57
#man 5
/dev/ttyp8
09:26:57
#man 5
/dev/ttyp9
09:27:09
#man passwd
/dev/ttyp8
09:27:09
#man passwd
/dev/ttyp9
09:27:29
#LANG=C
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1)                      User Commands                     PASSWD(1)
NAME
       passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
       passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
       passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
       change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
       may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
       login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
   Password Changes
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
       present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
       stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
       password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
       forgotten passwords may be changed.
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
/dev/ttyp8
09:27:29
#LANG=C
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1)                      User Commands                     PASSWD(1)
NAME
       passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
       passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
       passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
       change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
       may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
       login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
   Password Changes
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
       present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
       stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
       password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
       forgotten passwords may be changed.
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
/dev/ttyp9
09:27:59
#ls -l /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9347 2008-03-14 11:04 /etc/passwd
/dev/ttyp8
09:27:59
#ls -l /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9347 2008-03-14 11:04 /etc/passwd
/dev/ttyp9
09:28:03
#file /etc/passwd
/etc/passwd: ASCII text
/dev/ttyp8
09:28:03
#file /etc/passwd
/etc/passwd: ASCII text
/dev/ttyp9
09:28:07
#vim /etc/passwd
09:28:31
#LANG=C man passwd
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1)                      User Commands                     PASSWD(1)
NAME
       passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
       passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
       passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
       change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
       may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
       login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
   Password Changes
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
       present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
       stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
       password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
       forgotten passwords may be changed.
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
/dev/ttyp8
09:28:31
#LANG=C man passwd
[root@debian1:~]# vim /etc/passwd
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1)                      User Commands                     PASSWD(1)
NAME
       passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
       passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
       passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
       change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
       may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
       login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
   Password Changes
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
       present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
       stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
       password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
       forgotten passwords may be changed.
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
/dev/ttyp9
09:28:43
#LANG=C man 5
Reformatting passwd(5), please wait...
PASSWD(5)              File Formats and Conversions              PASSWD(5)
NAME
       passwd - the password file
DESCRIPTION
       /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven
       fields delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:
       o  login name
       o  optional encrypted password
       o  numerical user ID
       o  numerical group ID
       o  user name or comment field
       o  user home directory
       o  optional user command interpreter
/dev/ttyp8
09:28:43
#LANG=C man 5
Reformatting passwd(5), please wait...
PASSWD(5)              File Formats and Conversions              PASSWD(5)
NAME
       passwd - the password file
DESCRIPTION
       /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven
       fields delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:
       o  login name
       o  optional encrypted password
       o  numerical user ID
       o  numerical group ID
       o  user name or comment field
       o  user home directory
       o  optional user command interpreter
/dev/ttyp9
09:29:07
#LANG=C man -a passwd
[root@debian1:~]# LANG=C man -a
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(5)              File Formats and Conversions              PASSWD(5)
NAMErmatting passwd(5), please wait...
       passwd - the password fileord
DESCRIPTION
       /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven
       fields delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:
DESCRIPTION
       o  login names passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
...
       o  numerical user IDher password expiry date and interval.
       o  numerical group ID
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
       o  user name or comment fieldn encrypted and compared against the
       stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
       o  user home directoryer is permitted to bypass this step so that
       forgotten passwords may be changed.
       o  optional user command interpreter
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
/dev/ttyp8
09:29:07
#LANG=C man -a passwd
[root@debian1:~]# LANG=C man -a
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(5)              File Formats and Conversions              PASSWD(5)
NAMErmatting passwd(5), please wait...
       passwd - the password fileord
DESCRIPTION
       /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven
       fields delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:
DESCRIPTION
       o  login names passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
...
       o  numerical user IDher password expiry date and interval.
       o  numerical group ID
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
       o  user name or comment fieldn encrypted and compared against the
       stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
       o  user home directoryer is permitted to bypass this step so that
       forgotten passwords may be changed.
       o  optional user command interpreter
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
/dev/ttyp9
09:29:43
#find /usr/share/man/ -name intro\*
/usr/share/man/man1/intro.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man2/intro.2.gz
/usr/share/man/man3/intro.3.gz
/usr/share/man/man4/intro.4.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/intro.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man6/intro.6.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/intro.7.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/intro.8.gz
/dev/ttyp8
09:29:43
#find /usr/share/man/ -name intro\*
/usr/share/man/man1/intro.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man2/intro.2.gz
/usr/share/man/man3/intro.3.gz
/usr/share/man/man4/intro.4.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/intro.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man6/intro.6.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/intro.7.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/intro.8.gz
/dev/ttyp9
09:30:17
#man 5 intro
/dev/ttyp8
09:30:17
#man 5 intro
/dev/ttyp9
09:30:38
#find /usr/share/man/ -name intro\*
/usr/share/man/man1/intro.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man2/intro.2.gz
/usr/share/man/man3/intro.3.gz
/usr/share/man/man4/intro.4.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/intro.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man6/intro.6.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/intro.7.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/intro.8.gz
/dev/ttyp8
09:30:38
#find /usr/share/man/ -name intro\*
/usr/share/man/man1/intro.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man2/intro.2.gz
/usr/share/man/man3/intro.3.gz
/usr/share/man/man4/intro.4.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/intro.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man6/intro.6.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/intro.7.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/intro.8.gz
/dev/ttyp9
09:30:42
#whatis intro
intro (7)            - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section
intro (4)            - Introduction to special files
intro (1)            - Introduction to user commands
intro (8)            - Introduction to administration and privileged commands
intro (2)            - Introduction to system calls
intro (6)            - Introduction to games
intro (5)            - Introduction to file formats
intro (3)            - Introduction to library functions
/dev/ttyp8
09:30:42
#whatis intro
intro (7)            - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section
intro (4)            - Introduction to special files
intro (1)            - Introduction to user commands
intro (8)            - Introduction to administration and privileged commands
intro (2)            - Introduction to system calls
intro (6)            - Introduction to games
intro (5)            - Introduction to file formats
intro (3)            - Introduction to library functions
/dev/ttyp9
09:30:49
#man 5 intro
/dev/ttyp8
09:30:49
#man 5 intro
/dev/ttyp9
09:31:07
#whatis intro
intro (7)            - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section
intro (4)            - Introduction to special files
intro (1)            - Introduction to user commands
intro (8)            - Introduction to administration and privileged commands
intro (2)            - Introduction to system calls
intro (6)            - Introduction to games
intro (5)            - Introduction to file formats
intro (3)            - Introduction to library functions
/dev/ttyp8
09:31:07
#whatis intro
intro (7)            - Introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section
intro (4)            - Introduction to special files
intro (1)            - Introduction to user commands
intro (8)            - Introduction to administration and privileged commands
intro (2)            - Introduction to system calls
intro (6)            - Introduction to games
intro (5)            - Introduction to file formats
intro (3)            - Introduction to library functions
/dev/ttyp9
09:31:08
#whatis passwd
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
/dev/ttyp8
09:31:08
#whatis passwd
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
/dev/ttyp9
09:31:18
#man passwd
/dev/ttyp8
09:31:18
#man passwd
/dev/ttyp9
09:31:35
#LANG=C
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1)                      User Commands                     PASSWD(1)
NAME
       passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
       passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
       passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
       change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
       may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
       login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
   Password Changes
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
       present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
       stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
       password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
       forgotten passwords may be changed.
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
/dev/ttyp8
09:31:35
#LANG=C
Reformatting passwd(1), please wait...
PASSWD(1)                      User Commands                     PASSWD(1)
NAME
       passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
       passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
       passwd changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only
       change the password for his/her own account, while the super user
       may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       account information, such as the full name of the user, the user's
       login shell, or his/her password expiry date and interval.
   Password Changes
       The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is
       present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the
       stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct
       password. The super user is permitted to bypass this step so that
       forgotten passwords may be changed.
       After the password has been entered, password aging information is
/dev/ttyp9
09:31:54
#whatis passwd
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
/dev/ttyp8
09:31:54
#whatis passwd
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
/dev/ttyp9
09:31:56
#arpopos
bash: arpopos: command not found
/dev/ttyp8
09:31:56
#arpopos
bash: arpopos: command not found
/dev/ttyp9
09:32:05
#apr
chgpasswd (8)        - update group passwords in batch mode
chpasswd (8)         - update passwords in batch mode
gpasswd (1)          - administer the /etc/group file
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
realvncpasswd (1)    - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC
realvncpasswd.real (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC
update-passwd (8)    - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
vncpasswd (1)        - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC
/dev/ttyp8
09:32:05
#apr
chgpasswd (8)        - update group passwords in batch mode
chpasswd (8)         - update passwords in batch mode
gpasswd (1)          - administer the /etc/group file
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
realvncpasswd (1)    - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC
realvncpasswd.real (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC
update-passwd (8)    - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
vncpasswd (1)        - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC
/dev/ttyp9
09:32:11
#apropos passwd
chgpasswd (8)        - update group passwords in batch mode
chpasswd (8)         - update passwords in batch mode
gpasswd (1)          - administer the /etc/group file
passwd (1)           - change user password
passwd (5)           - the password file
realvncpasswd (1)    - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC
realvncpasswd.real (1) - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC
update-passwd (8)    - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
vncpasswd (1)        - creating and changing password files to be used with VNC

Файлы

  • /proc/meminfo
  • /proc/meminfo
    >
    MemTotal:       594068 kB
    MemFree:        419848 kB
    Buffers:         72468 kB
    Cached:          30136 kB
    SwapCached:          0 kB
    Active:          90940 kB
    Inactive:        31680 kB
    HighTotal:           0 kB
    HighFree:            0 kB
    LowTotal:       594068 kB
    LowFree:        419848 kB
    SwapTotal:           0 kB
    SwapFree:            0 kB
    Dirty:              40 kB
    Writeback:           0 kB
    AnonPages:       20024 kB
    Mapped:          11124 kB
    Slab:            36192 kB
    PageTables:        800 kB
    NFS_Unstable:        0 kB
    Bounce:              0 kB
    CommitLimit:    297032 kB
    Committed_AS:    42196 kB
    VmallocTotal:   255992 kB
    VmallocUsed:      1428 kB
    VmallocChunk:   254180 kB
    

    Статистика

    Время первой команды журнала18:22:31 2010- 1- 9
    Время последней команды журнала09:32:11 2010- 1-11
    Количество командных строк в журнале100
    Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % 1.00
    Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % 4.00
    Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час 0.82
    Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин 2.03
    Частота использования команд
    man12|===========| 11.54%
    LANG=C10|=========| 9.62%
    whatis10|=========| 9.62%
    ls8|=======| 7.69%
    pstree7|======| 6.73%
    [root@fbsd3:pstree]#6|=====| 5.77%
    echo5|====| 4.81%
    screen4|===| 3.85%
    [root@fbsd3:ports]#4|===| 3.85%
    less4|===| 3.85%
    find4|===| 3.85%
    file4|===| 3.85%
    ssh3|==| 2.88%
    apr2|=| 1.92%
    bash2|=| 1.92%
    cat2|=| 1.92%
    l3pwd2|=| 1.92%
    arpopos2|=| 1.92%
    hello1|| 0.96%
    ping1|| 0.96%
    pwd1|| 0.96%
    vim1|| 0.96%
    cd1|| 0.96%
    a=01|| 0.96%
    LYNX1|| 0.96%
    export1|| 0.96%
    apropos1|| 0.96%
    free1|| 0.96%
    dmidecode1|| 0.96%
    vlock1|| 0.96%
    exit1|| 0.96%
    ____
    *) Интервалы неактивности длительностью 30 минут и более не учитываются

    Справка

    Для того чтобы использовать LiLaLo, не нужно знать ничего особенного: всё происходит само собой. Однако, чтобы ведение и последующее использование журналов было как можно более эффективным, желательно иметь в виду следующее:
    1. В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.

    2. Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.

    3. Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
      $ l s-l
      bash: l: command not found
      

    4. Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
      $ test 5 -lt 4
      Обратите внимание на то, что код завершения команды может быть отличен от нуля не только в тех случаях, когда команда была выполнена с ошибкой. Многие команды используют код завершения, например, для того чтобы показать результаты проверки

    5. Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
      $ find / -name abc
      find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung
      find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung
      find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung
      find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung
      find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung
      ^C
      

    6. Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
      # id
      uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root)
      

    7. Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
      $ vi ~/.bashrc
      2a3,5
      >    if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
      >         . /usr/local/etc/bash_completion
      >        fi
      

    8. Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
      $ patch ~/.bashrc
      В данном случае изменения применяются к файлу ~/.bashrc

    9. Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.

      Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.

    10. Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.

    11. Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора

    12. Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.

    13. Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.

    14. Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:

      $ whoami
      
      user
      
      $ #^ Интересно, кто я?
      
      в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
      $ whoami
      
      user
      
      Интересно, кто я?

    15. Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:

      $ whoami
      
      user
      
      $ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
      
      Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым 
      мы зарегистрировались в системе.
      -
      Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении 
      в этом мире.
      
      В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
      $ whoami
      user
      
      Интересно, кто я?
      Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым
      мы зарегистрировались в системе.

      Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении
      в этом мире.
      Для разделения нескольких абзацев между собой используйте символ "-", один в строке.

    16. Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=

    17. Содержимое файла может быть показано в журнале. Для этого его нужно вывести с помощью программы cat. Если вывод команды отметить симоволами #!, содержимое файла будет показано в журнале в специально отведённой для этого секции.
    18. Для того чтобы вставить скриншот интересующего вас окна в журнал, нужно воспользоваться командой l3shot. После того как команда вызвана, нужно с помощью мыши выбрать окно, которое должно быть в журнале.
    19. Команды в журнале расположены в хронологическом порядке. Если две команды давались одна за другой, но на разных терминалах, в журнале они будут рядом, даже если они не имеют друг к другу никакого отношения.
      1
          2
      3   
          4
      
      Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.

    О программе

    LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
    Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
    (c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008

    $Id$