/l3/users/devi/xen-for-zen/xen1.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :29 :30 :31 :32 :33 :34 :35 :36 :37 :38 :39 :40 :41 :42 :43 :44 :45 :46 |
|
#tcpdump -n port
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes ^X 0 packets captured 0 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel |
#tcpdump -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 0 packets captured 0 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel |
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:D4:B2:4F:EC inet addr:192.168.16.1 Bcast:192.168.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::213:d4ff:feb2:4fec/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:155 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:238 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:10103 (9.8 KiB) TX bytes:35340 (34.5 KiB) Base address:0xd800 Memory:cffe0000-d0000000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:75:81:CA:61 ... TX packets:10060 errors:0 dropped:185 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:510335 (498.3 KiB) TX bytes:65541764 (62.5 MiB) xenbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2688 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:206 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:123466 (120.5 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB) |
#tcpdump -n -i eth1
20:15:10.156271 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 39792:39968(176) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875507> 20:15:10.156453 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 39968:40144(176) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875507> 20:15:10.156635 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 40144:40320(176) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875507> 20:15:10.158300 IP 192.168.15.180.55500 > 192.168.15.251.22: . ack 40320 win 16022 <nop,nop,timestamp 2875508 3026103> 20:15:10.158329 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 40320:41200(880) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875508> 20:15:10.158498 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 41200:41360(160) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875508> 20:15:10.158684 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 41360:41536(176) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875508> 20:15:10.158907 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 41536:41712(176) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875508> 20:15:10.159099 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 41712:41888(176) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875508> 20:15:10.159286 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 41888:42064(176) ack 49 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026103 2875508> ... 20:15:10.213288 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 64528:64704(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.213471 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 64704:64880(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.213654 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 64880:65056(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.213838 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 65056:65232(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.214023 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 65232:65408(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.214207 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 65408:65584(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.214392 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 65584:65760(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.214576 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 65760:65936(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.214758 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 65936:66112(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> 20:15:10.214942 IP 192.168.15.251.22 > 192.168.15.180.55500: P 66112:66288(176) ack 97 win 135 <nop,nop,timestamp 3026117 2875521> |
#tcpdump -n -i eth1 port 69
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 0 packets captured 0 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel |
#tcpdump udp
![]() |
#xm console ltsp0
==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:16:32 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log.1 <== ... Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ltsp0.unix.nt tty1 ltsp0.unix.nt login: root Password: Last login: Sun Jan 21 19:33:21 2007 on tty1 Linux ltsp0.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. |
#tail -f /var/log/gdm/*
![]() ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:11:23 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log.1 <== ... xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log.2 <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:11:15 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) |
#ls -l /dev/tty0
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 4, 0 2007-01-21 17:44 /dev/tty0 |
#/etc/init.d/gdm restart
Stopping GNOME Display Manager: gdm. Starting GNOME Display Manager: gdm. |
#tail -f /var/log/gdm/*
![]() ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:16:32 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log.1 <== ... xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log.3 <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:11:15 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) |
#vim /etc/dhcpd.conf
|
#chroot /opt/ltsp/i386/
(END) ltsp0:/# id # uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) #:MAIL: Mail, news and uucp services.database ltsp0:/# passwd # Enter new UNIX password: #:INFO: Info services Retype new UNIX password: ... #:HAM-RADIO: amateur-radio servicesby using update-inetd(8) # #:OTHER: Other servicestype> <proto> <flags> <user> <server_path> <args> # vnc800 stream tcp nowait root /usr/bin/Xvnc Xvnc -inetd -query 127.0.0.1 -once - depth 16 -geometry 800x600 eam tcp nowait root internal #discard dgram udp wait root internal #daytime stream tcp nowait root internal #time stream tcp nowait root internal #:STANDARD: These are standard services. |
#less /etc/gdm/gdm.conf.SAVE
|
#less /etc/inetd.conf
|
#top
![]() top - 20:24:09 up 3:17, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.04, 0.01 Tasks: 48 total, 1 running, 47 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 262292k total, 259152k used, 3140k free, 20188k buffers PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 207440k cached 1 root 15 0 1960 656 556 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.10 init 2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0 4 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0 ... 8 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xenbus 13 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/0 15 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod 55 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pdflush 56 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 pdflush 57 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0 58 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0 626 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 kjournald 860 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmirrord 1051 daemon 15 0 1700 480 376 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 portmap |
#vncserver
![]() You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Password too short |
#123
![]() bash: 123: command not found |
#vncserver
You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: xauth: creating new authority file /root/.Xauthority New 'X' desktop is vnc0.unix.nt:1 Starting applications specified in /etc/X11/Xsession Log file is /root/.vnc/vnc0.unix.nt:1.log |
#ps aux | grep vnc
root 5578 1.0 3.0 19056 8076 ttyp0 S 18:22 0:00 Xrealvnc :1 -desktop X -auth /root/.Xauthority -rfbwait 120000 -rfbauth /root/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5901 -fp /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc -co /etc/X11/rgb root 5712 0.0 0.2 3732 708 ttyp0 R+ 18:23 0:00 grep vnc |
#top
![]() top - 18:23:32 up 39 min, 1 user, load average: 2.16, 0.65, 0.22 Tasks: 110 total, 2 running, 108 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 6.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 87.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 6.2%st Mem: 262292k total, 259776k used, 2516k free, 100k buffers PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 5940k cached 5710 root 16 0 20612 4856 1788 D 6.2 1.9 0:00.36 gnome_segv2 1 root 16 0 1956 140 48 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 init 2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 3 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/0 ... 7 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xenwatch 8 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xenbus 13 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/0 15 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod 55 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 pdflush 56 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 pdflush 57 root 10 -5 0 0 0 D 0.0 0.0 0:00.49 kswapd0 58 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0 626 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.66 kjournald 860 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmirrord |
#ps aux | grep vnc
root 5578 0.7 3.1 19240 8144 ttyp0 S 18:22 0:00 Xrealvnc :1 -desktop X -auth /root/.Xauthority -rfbwait 120000 -rfbauth /root/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5901 -fp /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc -co /etc/X11/rgb root 5766 0.0 0.2 3728 652 ttyp0 R+ 18:23 0:00 grep vnc |
#exit
exit Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 vnc0.unix.nt tty1 vnc0.unix.nt login: Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 vnc0.unix.nt tty1 vnc0.unix.nt login: Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 vnc0.unix.nt tty1 vnc0.unix.nt login: Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 vnc0.unix.nt tty1 |
#chroot /opt/ltsp/i386/
(Reading database ... 18186 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking menu (from .../archives/menu_2.1.33_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package fluxbox. Unpacking fluxbox (from .../fluxbox_0.9.14-1.2_i386.deb) ... Adding `diversion of /usr/bin/bsetroot to /usr/bin/bsetroot.blackbox by fluxbox' Adding `diversion of /usr/share/man/man1/bsetroot.1.gz to /usr/share/man/man1/bsetroot.blackbox.1.gz by fluxbox' Setting up menu (2.1.33) ... Setting up fluxbox (0.9.14-1.2) ... ltsp0:/# exit |
#ping vnc0
PING vnc0.unix.nt (192.168.15.243) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.15.243: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.02 ms --- vnc0.unix.nt ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.024/2.024/2.024/0.000 ms |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1499 1 r----- 353.9 ltsp0 3 256 1 -b---- 55.8 xen0 4 256 1 -b---- 116.6 |
#xm console xen0
ltsp0:/# apt-get install bind9-host Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libbind9-0 libdns21 libisc11 libisccc0 libisccfg1 liblwres9 The following NEW packages will be installed: bind9-host libbind9-0 libdns21 libisc11 libisccc0 libisccfg1 liblwres9 0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 1121kB of archives. After unpacking 2720kB of additional disk space will be used. ... vnc0.unix.nt login: Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 vnc0.unix.nt tty1 vnc0.unix.nt login: root Last login: Sun Jan 21 17:46:01 2007 on tty1 Linux vnc0.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1499 1 r----- 355.9 ltsp0 3 256 1 -b---- 55.9 xen0 4 256 1 ------ 119.2 |
#xm destroy xen0
deb http://192.168.15.24410.0.35.6:9999/debian etch main deb http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -- INSERT -- 1,26 All |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1499 1 r----- 357.5 ltsp0 3 256 1 -b---- 55.9 |
#vi /etc/xen/vnc0
29c29 < name = "xen0" --- > name = "vnc0" |
#xm create vnc0
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/apt/sources.list" 2L, 98C written ltsp0:/# apt-get update Err http://192.168.15.244 etch Release.gpg Could not connect to 192.168.15.244:9999 (192.168.15.244). - connect (111 Connection refused) 0% [Waiting for headers] Using config file "/etc/xen/vnc0". Started domain vnc0 |
#xm console vnc0
Linux version 2.6.18-3-xen-686 (Debian 2.6.18-7) (waldi@debian.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-20)) #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000010800000 (usable) 0MB HIGHMEM available. 264MB LOWMEM available. ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 67584 Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda1 ro Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done. Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done. ... Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 vnc0.unix.nt tty1 vnc0.unix.nt login: root Last login: Sun Jan 21 18:25:04 2007 on tty1 Linux vnc0.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Removing stale pidfile |
#apt-get install fluxbox
Selecting previously deselected package menu. (Reading database ... 22633 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking menu (from .../archives/menu_2.1.33_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package fluxbox. Unpacking fluxbox (from .../fluxbox_0.9.14-1.2_i386.deb) ... Adding `diversion of /usr/bin/bsetroot to /usr/bin/bsetroot.blackbox by fluxbox' Adding `diversion of /usr/share/man/man1/bsetroot.1.gz to /usr/share/man/man1/bsetroot.blackbox.1.gz by fluxbox' Setting up menu (2.1.33) ... Setting up fluxbox (0.9.14-1.2) ... |
#vi /etc/vnc.conf
|
#su - user
![]() user@vnc0:~$ vncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: xauth: creating new authority file /home/user/.Xauthority New 'X' desktop is vnc0.unix.nt:1 Starting applications specified in /etc/X11/Xsession Log file is /home/user/.vnc/vnc0.unix.nt:1.log user@vnc0:~$ pkill -u user Session terminated, killing shell...user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ ...killed. |
#bash: apt-g: command not found
|
#apt-get install xterm
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: xbitmaps Suggested packages: xfonts-cyrillic Recommended packages: xutils The following NEW packages will be installed: xbitmaps xterm 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 431kB of archives. After unpacking 1483kB of additional disk space will be used. |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1499 1 r----- 372.6 ltsp0 3 256 1 -b---- 70.8 vnc0 5 256 1 -b---- 35.9 |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1499 1 r----- 372.8 ltsp0 3 256 1 -b---- 70.8 vnc0 5 256 1 -b---- 35.9 |
#xm console vnc0
|
#ping vnc0
PING vnc0.unix.nt (192.168.15.243) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.15.243: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.15.243: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.177 ms ^]64 bytes from 192.168.15.243: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.143 ms --- vnc0.unix.nt ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.143/0.177/0.211/0.027 ms |
#ssh user@vnc0
![]() The authenticity of host 'vnc0 (192.168.15.243)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 53:96:09:66:fd:b4:b0:ef:fc:e2:a5:74:5d:8c:27:32. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'vnc0,192.168.15.243' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. user@vnc0's password: Linux vnc0.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ pkill -9 -u user Connection to vnc0 closed by remote host. Connection to vnc0 closed. |
#ping vnc0
PING vnc0.unix.nt (192.168.15.243) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.15.243: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.207 ms --- vnc0.unix.nt ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.207/0.207/0.207/0.000 ms |
#xm console vnc0
![]() exit |
#apt-get install xterm
![]() Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: xbitmaps Suggested packages: xfonts-cyrillic Recommended packages: xutils The following NEW packages will be installed: xbitmaps xterm 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 431kB of archives. After unpacking 1483kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y |
#apt-get install -y xterm
![]() Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: xbitmaps Suggested packages: xfonts-cyrillic Recommended packages: xutils The following NEW packages will be installed: xbitmaps xterm 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 431kB of archives. After unpacking 1483kB of additional disk space will be used. WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated! xbitmaps xterm E: There are problems and -y was used without --force-yes |
#apt-get install -y --force-yes xterm
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: xbitmaps Suggested packages: xfonts-cyrillic Recommended packages: xutils The following NEW packages will be installed: xbitmaps xterm ... Get:1 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main xbitmaps 1.0.1-2 [26.6kB] Get:2 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main xterm 222-1etch1 [405kB] Fetched 431kB in 0s (2344kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package xbitmaps. (Reading database ... 22930 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking xbitmaps (from .../xbitmaps_1.0.1-2_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package xterm. Unpacking xterm (from .../xterm_222-1etch1_i386.deb) ... Setting up xbitmaps (1.0.1-2) ... Setting up xterm (222-1etch1) ... |
#su - user
![]() user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ vncserver New 'X' desktop is vnc0.unix.nt:1 Starting applications specified in /etc/X11/Xsession Log file is /home/user/.vnc/vnc0.unix.nt:1.log user@vnc0:~$ pkill -9 -u user Killed |
#su - user
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ".xsession" [New File] 2 lines, 9 characters written user@vnc0:~$ vncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. |
#xm console vnc0
|
#ssh user@vnc0
![]() user@vnc0's password: Linux vnc0.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Sun Jan 21 18:30:25 2007 from xen1.unix.nt user@vnc0:~$ su - Password: ... Password: ^] su: Authentication failure Sorry. user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ exit logout Connection to vnc0 closed. |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1499 1 r----- 379.4 ltsp0 3 256 1 -b---- 72.4 vnc0 5 256 1 -b---- 49.1 |
#xm console vnc0
|
#xm destroy vnc0
|
#xm start vnc0
![]() Error: Sub Command start not found! Usage: xm <subcommand> [args] Control, list, and manipulate Xen guest instances. Common 'xm' commands: console Attach to <Domain>'s console. create Create a domain based on <ConfigFile>. destroy Terminate a domain immediately. dump-core Dump core for a specific domain. help Display this message. list List information about all/some domains. ... shutdown Shutdown a domain. top Monitor a host and the domains in real time. unpause Unpause a paused domain. uptime Print uptime for a domain. vcpu-set Set the number of active VCPUs for allowed for the domain. <Domain> can either be the Domain Name or Id. For more help on 'xm' see the xm(1) man page. For more help on 'xm create' see the xmdomain.cfg(5) man page. For a complete list of subcommands run 'xm help'. |
#xm create vnc0
Using config file "/etc/xen/vnc0". Started domain vnc0 |
#xm console vnc0
Linux version 2.6.18-3-xen-686 (Debian 2.6.18-7) (waldi@debian.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-20)) #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000010800000 (usable) 0MB HIGHMEM available. 264MB LOWMEM available. ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 67584 Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda1 ro Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done. Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done. ... Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 vnc0.unix.nt tty1 vnc0.unix.nt login: root Last login: Sun Jan 21 18:26:07 2007 on tty1 Linux vnc0.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Removing stale pidfile |
#passwd
Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully |
#exit
# /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported to NFS clients. See exports(5). # # hostname1(rw,sync) hostname2(ro,sync) # Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3: # # /srv/homes gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt) # Example for NFSv4: # /srv/nfs4/homes gss/krb5i(rw,sync) ... ~ ~ Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 vnc0.unix.nt tty1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ |
#ssh vnc0
root@vnc0's password: Last login: Sun Jan 21 18:34:34 2007 Linux vnc0.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. l3-agent is already running: pid=1161; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#su - user
user@vnc0:~$ vncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: New 'X' desktop is vnc0.unix.nt:1 Starting applications specified in /etc/X11/Xsession Log file is /home/user/.vnc/vnc0.unix.nt:1.log user@vnc0:~$ pkill vnc user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ exit logout |
#chroot /opt/ltsp/i386/
ltsp0:/# apt-get install gdm gpm Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: gksu libcroco3 libdmx1 libgksu2-0 libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgtk2.0-bin libgtop2-7 libgtop2-common librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common libstartup-notification0 sudo Suggested packages: apmd msttcorefonts librsvg2-bin Recommended packages: ... Adding system user `gdm' (UID 100) ... Adding new user `gdm' (UID 100) with group `gdm' ... The home directory `/var/lib/gdm' already exists. Not copying from `/etc/skel'. adduser: Warning: that home directory does not belong to the user you are currently creating. Scheduling reload of GNOME Display Manager configuration: gdm. Setting up gpm (1.19.6-24) ... Creating config file /etc/gpm.conf with new version open: No such file or directory ioctl: Bad file descriptor ltsp0:/# exit |
#su - user
user@vnc0:~$ vncserver New 'X' desktop is vnc0.unix.nt:1 Starting applications specified in /etc/X11/Xsession Log file is /home/user/.vnc/vnc0.unix.nt:1.log user@vnc0:~$ pkill vnc user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ user@vnc0:~$ exit logout |
#/etc/init.d/gdm restart
Stopping GNOME Display Manager: gdm. Starting GNOME Display Manager: gdm. |
#tail -f /var/log/gdm/*
![]() ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:37:50 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log.1 <== ... xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log.4 <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:34:01 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) |
#rm /var/log/gdm/*
|
#/etc/init.d/gdm restart
Stopping GNOME Display Manager: gdm. Starting GNOME Display Manager: gdm. |
#tail -f /var/log/gdm/*
![]() Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:38:00 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) |
#ls -l /dev/tty0
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 4, 0 2007-01-21 18:33 /dev/tty0 |
#ls -l /dev/console
crw------- 1 root root 5, 1 2007-01-21 18:34 /dev/console |
#cd /dev
|
#mv tty0 tty0SAVE
|
#ln -s console tty0
|
#rm /var/log/gdm/*
|
#/etc/init.d/gdm restart
Stopping GNOME Display Manager: gdm. Starting GNOME Display Manager: gdm. |
#tail -f /var/log/gdm/*
![]() ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:39:23 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot find a free VT: Invalid argument ==> /var/log/gdm/:0.log.1 <== Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:39:19 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot find a free VT: Invalid argument |
#vi /etc/gdm/gdm.conf
|
#rm /var/log/gdm/*
|
#/etc/init.d/gdm restart
Stopping GNOME Display Manager: gdm. Starting GNOME Display Manager: gdm. |
#tail -f /var/log/gdm/*
![]() Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:41:40 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot find a free VT: Invalid argument |
#vi /etc/gdm/gdm.conf
|
#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3E:00:CC:01 inet addr:192.168.15.244 Bcast:192.168.15.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe00:cc01/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:271035 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:257803 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:315550219 (300.9 MiB) TX bytes:198615520 (189.4 MiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:6861 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6861 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:292418 (285.5 KiB) TX bytes:292418 (285.5 KiB) |
#chroot /opt/ltsp/i386/
ltsp0:~# /usr/share/man/man1/fluxbox.1.gz bash: /usr/share/man/man1/fluxbox.1.gz: No such file or directory ltsp0:~# /usr/share/man/man1/fbsetroot.1.gz bash: /usr/share/man/man1/fbsetroot.1.gz: No such file or directory ltsp0:~# /usr/share/menu bash: /usr/share/menu: is a directory ltsp0:~# /usr/share/menu/fluxbox bash: /usr/share/menu/fluxbox: No such file or directory ltsp0:~# /usr/bin bash: /usr/bin: is a directory ltsp0:~# /usr/bin/fluxbox |
#vi /etc/gdm/gdm.conf
|
#rm /var/log/gdm/*
|
#/etc/init.d/gdm restart
Stopping GNOME Display Manager: gdm. Starting GNOME Display Manager: gdm. |
#tail -f /var/log/gdm/*
![]() ltsp0:/# cd /etc/gdm/ ltsp0:/etc/gdm# mv gdm.conf{,.orig} ltsp0:/etc/gdm# apt-get install locales-all Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done locales-all is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 0B of additional disk space will be used. Setting up locales-all (2.3.6.ds1-8) ... Module Loader present Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Jan 21 18:44:54 2007 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot find a free VT: Invalid argument |
#vi /etc/gdm/gdm.conf
|
#less /usr/share/gdm/defaults.conf
|
#vi /etc/gdm/gdm.conf
|
#rm /var/log/gdm/*
|
#/etc/init.d/gdm restart
Stopping GNOME Display Manager: gdm. Starting GNOME Display Manager: gdm. |
Время первой команды журнала | 20:14:10 2007- 1-21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 20:50:59 2007- 1-21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 11.88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 0.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 2.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008