/l3/users/devi/xen-for-zen/xen1.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :29 :30 :31 :32 :33 :34 :35 :36 :37 :38 :39 :40 :41 :42 :43 :44 :45 :46 |
|
#cp /etc/xen/ltsp0{.1}
![]() cp: missing destination file operand after `/etc/xen/ltsp0{.1}' Try `cp --help' for more information. |
#cp /etc/xen/ltsp0{,.1}
|
#vim /etc/xen/ltsp0.1
68c68,69 < disk = [ 'phy:/dev/NAS0/ltsp0,hda1,w' ] --- > disk = [ 'file:/data/ltsp.img,hda1,w' ] > |
#vim /etc/xen/ltsp0.1
29c29 < name = "ltsp0" --- > name = "ltsp0.1" |
#mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devshm on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /dev/mapper/NAS1-ISO on /data/ISO type ext3 (rw) /data/ltsp.img on /mnt type ext3 (rw,loop=/dev/loop0) |
#umount /mnt
# Initial memory allocation (in megabytes) for the new domain. # WARNING: Creating a domain with insufficient memory may cause out of # memory errors. The domain needs enough memory to boot kernel # and modules. Allocating less than 32MBs is not recommended. memory = 256 # A name for your domain. All domains must have different names. name = "ltsp0" .1" # 128-bit UUID for the domain. The default behavior is to generate a new UUID # on each call to 'xm create'. 29,15 7% |
#vim /etc/fstab
|
#xm create -c ltsp0.1
Using config file "/etc/xen/ltsp0.1". Started domain ltsp0.1 Linux version 2.6.18-3-xen-686 (Debian 2.6.18-7) (waldi@debian.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-20)) #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000010800000 (usable) 0MB HIGHMEM available. 264MB LOWMEM available. ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 67584 Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda1 ro ... if-up.d/mountnfs[eth0]: lock /var/run/network/mountnfs exist, not mounting done. /etc/init.d/bootclean: line 24: /tmp/.clean: Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure creating '/tmp/.clean'. rm: cannot remove `./motd': Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure cleaning /var/run. /etc/init.d/bootclean: line 24: /var/lock/.clean: Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure creating '/var/lock/.clean'. /etc/rcS.d/S55bootmisc.sh: line 28: /var/run/utmp: Read-only file system INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 |
#xm destroy ltsp0.1
|
#mount /data/ltsp.img /mnt
![]() mount: you must specify the filesystem type |
#mount /data/ltsp.img /mnt -o loop
|
#vim /mnt/etc/fstab
2c2 < /dev/hda1 / ext3 defaults.errors=remount-ro 1 0 --- > /dev/hda1 / ext3 defaults.errors=remount-ro 0 1 |
#umount /mnt
|
#xm create -c ltsp0.1
Using config file "/etc/xen/ltsp0.1". Started domain ltsp0.1 Linux version 2.6.18-3-xen-686 (Debian 2.6.18-7) (waldi@debian.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-20)) #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000010800000 (usable) 0MB HIGHMEM available. 264MB LOWMEM available. ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 67584 Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda1 ro ... done. /etc/init.d/bootclean: line 24: /tmp/.clean: Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure creating '/tmp/.clean'. rm: cannot remove `./motd': Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure cleaning /var/run. /etc/init.d/bootclean: line 24: /var/lock/.clean: Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure creating '/var/lock/.clean'. /etc/rcS.d/S55bootmisc.sh: line 28: /var/run/utmp: Read-only file system INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 Starting system log daemon: syslogd |
#ls -l /lib/modules/
total 8 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2006-12-06 01:42 2.6.17-2-686 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2006-12-07 22:57 2.6.18-3-xen-686 |
#apt-cache search modules | grep 2\.6\.18
linux-headers-2.6.18-3 - Common header files for Linux 2.6.18 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-486 - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on x86 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-686 - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-686-bigmem - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-all - All header files for Linux 2.6.18 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-all-i386 - All header files for Linux 2.6.18 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-k7 - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-vserver - Common header files for Linux 2.6.18 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-vserver-686 - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-vserver-k7 - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 ... ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-k7 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-vserver-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-vserver-k7 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-k7 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-vserver-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 kqemu-modules-2.6.18-3-486 - QEMU Accelerator modules for Linux 2.6.18 on x86 kqemu-modules-2.6.18-3-686 - QEMU Accelerator modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 kqemu-modules-2.6.18-3-686-bigmem - QEMU Accelerator modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 kqemu-modules-2.6.18-3-k7 - QEMU Accelerator modules for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 |
#apt-cache search modules | grep 2\.6\.18 | grep xen
linux-headers-2.6.18-3-xen - Common header files for Linux 2.6.18 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-xen-686 - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-xen-k7 - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-xen-vserver - Common header files for Linux 2.6.18 linux-headers-2.6.18-3-xen-vserver-686 - Header files for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 - Linux 2.6.18 modules on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-k7 - Linux 2.6.18 modules on AMD K7 linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-vserver-686 - Linux 2.6.18 modules on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 loop-aes-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 - loop-AES encryption modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 loop-aes-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-k7 - loop-AES encryption modules for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 ... squashfs-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-vserver-686 - Squash filesystem modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 ipw2100-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 (ipw2100) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 ipw2100-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-k7 - Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 (ipw2100) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 ipw2100-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-vserver-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 (ipw2100) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 ipw2200-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 2200 and 2915ABG (ipw2200) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 ipw2200-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-k7 - Intel PRO/Wireless 2200 and 2915ABG (ipw2200) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 ipw2200-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-vserver-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 2200 and 2915ABG (ipw2200) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-k7 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on AMD K7 ipw3945-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-vserver-686 - Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG (ipw3945) driver modules for Linux 2.6.18 on PPro/Celeron/PII/PIII/P4 |
#vim /etc/network/interfaces
|
#mount /data/ltsp.img /mnt
![]() mount: you must specify the filesystem type |
#mount /data/ltsp.img /mnt -o loop
|
#vim /mnt/etc/fstab
![]() |
#chroot
![]() chroot: missing operand Try `chroot --help' for more information. |
#chroot /mnt
xen1:/# apt-get install linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 14.6MB of archives. After unpacking 46.3MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 2.6.18-7 [14.6MB] Fetched 14.6MB in 1s (7897kB/s) ... locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Selecting previously deselected package linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686. (Reading database ... 7848 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 (from .../linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686_2.6.18-7_i386.deb) ... Setting up linux-modules-2.6.18-3-xen-686 (2.6.18-7) ... xen1:/# ls -l /lib/modules/ total 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 28 12:32 2.6.18-3-xen-686 xen1:/# exit |
#umount /mnt
|
#xm create -c ltsp0.1
Using config file "/etc/xen/ltsp0.1". Started domain ltsp0.1 Linux version 2.6.18-3-xen-686 (Debian 2.6.18-7) (waldi@debian.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-20)) #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000010800000 (usable) 0MB HIGHMEM available. 264MB LOWMEM available. ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 67584 Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda1 ro ... if-up.d/mountnfs[eth0]: lock /var/run/network/mountnfs exist, not mounting done. /etc/init.d/bootclean: line 24: /tmp/.clean: Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure creating '/tmp/.clean'. rm: cannot remove `./motd': Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure cleaning /var/run. /etc/init.d/bootclean: line 24: /var/lock/.clean: Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure creating '/var/lock/.clean'. /etc/rcS.d/S55bootmisc.sh: line 28: /var/run/utmp: Read-only file system INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 |
#xm destroy ltsp0.1
|
#mount /data/ltsp.img /mnt
![]() mount: you must specify the filesystem type |
#mount /data/ltsp.img /mnt -o loop
|
#chroot /mnt
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/fstab" 3L, 120C written xen1:/# exit |
#xm create -c ltsp0.1
![]() Using config file "/etc/xen/ltsp0.1". Error: Device 769 (vbd) could not be connected. File /data/ltsp.img is loopback-mounted through /dev/loop0, which is mounted in the privileged domain, and so cannot be mounted by a guest. |
#umount /mnt
|
#xm create -c ltsp0.1
Using config file "/etc/xen/ltsp0.1". Started domain ltsp0.1 Linux version 2.6.18-3-xen-686 (Debian 2.6.18-7) (waldi@debian.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-20)) #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000010800000 (usable) 0MB HIGHMEM available. 264MB LOWMEM available. ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 67584 Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda1 ro ... Configuring network interfaces...if-up.d/mountnfs[eth0]: lock /var/run/network/mountnfs exist, not mounting done. /etc/init.d/bootclean: line 24: /tmp/.clean: Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure creating '/tmp/.clean'. rm: cannot remove `./motd': Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure cleaning /var/run. /etc/init.d/bootclean: line 24: /var/lock/.clean: Read-only file system * bootclean: Failure creating '/var/lock/.clean'. /etc/rcS.d/S55bootmisc.sh: line 28: /var/run/utmp: Read-only file system INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 |
#xm destroy ltsp0.1
|
#mount /data/ltsp.img /mnt -o loop
|
#vim /mnt/etc/fstab
3c3 < /dev/hda1 / ext3 defaults.errors=remount-ro 0 1 --- > /dev/hda1 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 |
#umount /mnt
|
#xm create -c ltsp0.1
Хотите продолжить [Д/н]? y Получено:1 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main gettext-base 0.16.1-1 [123kB] Получено:2 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main libevent1 1.1a-1 [18,8kB] Получено:3 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main libnfsidmap2 0.18-0 [20,7kB] Получено:4 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main librpcsecgss3 0.14-2 [31,0kB] Получено:5 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main mime-support 3.39-1 [30,9kB] Получено:6 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main portmap 5-25 [34,8kB] Получено:7 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main ucf 2.0018.1 [57,5kB] Получено:8 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main libgssapi2 0.10-4 [20,8kB] Получено:9 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main nfs-common 1:1.0.10-4 [126kB] Получено:10 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main python2.4-minimal 2.4.4-2 [900kB] |
#cat /etc/apt/sources.list
#deb file:/ftp/pub DEBS/ #deb http://debian.org.ua/debian unstable main contrib non-free deb http://192.168.15.251:9999/debian testing main contrib non-free |
#ssh ltsp0
![]() @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed. The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is 88:c1:44:7c:71:f3:fb:66:2b:b7:0f:00:e5:b3:29:bc. Please contact your system administrator. Add correct host key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. Offending key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:13 RSA host key for ltsp0 has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed. |
#vim /root/.ssh/known_hosts
13d12 < |1|l/Ex7itzbikPmK39uRASQutK0b4=|wKWckQ9ZRahjAUROC+T0L7Etywc= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsZTrLwPzl1ZynXG4Bg3fa5wz+zZj0tqhpEL4qyDY1jDc/Wk7lVNcdchAwq85gk14iC5Wwvh///AmTxcFQtZEocqanBh15rvRhXWIrUjfLzfLXAywVsSwoiFRwW7BlcA6mCu204VHxM4Kr6qFXLMG0jiT0uRflgR4++vITmtCJp2mYvxK51SdefPgfyd8yCBxQREuz0lAb4OaRLux8S0WUVwo2iJqjMos8SK+0SCdy8GZqhFj3/Fch/gVkCW8vPn86rGtiTVMtW4p+uTcCLjxpqgKWGX+2/OUmwctH18CV/0n0uKda6yqMs542Y0cv1sJW7qOljzvtO6MBMkBLoQxEQ== |
#ssh ltsp0
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/default/tftpd-hpa" 3L, 84C written ltsp0:~# /etc/init.d/openbsd-inetd restart Restarting internet superserver: inetd. ltsp0:~# netstat -lnp | grep :69 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* 17785/inetd ltsp0:~# logout Connection to ltsp0 closed. |
#grep disk /etc/xen/ltsp0
# Optional ramdisk. ramdisk = "/boot/initrd.img-2.6.18-3-xen-686" # Define the disk devices you want the domain to have access to, and # Each disk entry is of the form phy:UNAME,DEV,MODE disk = [ 'phy:/dev/NAS0/ltsp0,hda1,w' ] |
#mount /dev/NAS0/ltsp0 /mnt
|
#vim /mnt/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.cfg/default
|
#scp /mnt/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/boot.msg ltsp0:/var/lib/
ftpboot/ltsp/i386/ Warning: the RSA host key for 'ltsp0' differs from the key for the IP address '192.168.15.244' Offending key for IP in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:13 Matching host key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:14 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes root@ltsp0's password: boot.msg 100% 202 0.2KB/s 00:00 |
#vim /root/.ssh/known_hosts
13,14d12 < |1|fDp1Qx5czNwfSADDD5cSR/Zho4g=|amO1+Lj2GsOY+bh61kyz/Nn4nB4= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsZTrLwPzl1ZynXG4Bg3fa5wz+zZj0tqhpEL4qyDY1jDc/Wk7lVNcdchAwq85gk14iC5Wwvh///AmTxcFQtZEocqanBh15rvRhXWIrUjfLzfLXAywVsSwoiFRwW7BlcA6mCu204VHxM4Kr6qFXLMG0jiT0uRflgR4++vITmtCJp2mYvxK51SdefPgfyd8yCBxQREuz0lAb4OaRLux8S0WUVwo2iJqjMos8SK+0SCdy8GZqhFj3/Fch/gVkCW8vPn86rGtiTVMtW4p+uTcCLjxpqgKWGX+2/OUmwctH18CV/0n0uKda6yqMs542Y0cv1sJW7qOljzvtO6MBMkBLoQxEQ== < |1|HkfyHn0B6TF4cp7e4kJz/jew4gk=|07/UAJAGb8TCgPoPbjvryEIiXHo= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvKBGvH/60SsYa2QuRNP9OJez9hdVXuB4gxK/B8ZpO25GRuEUTDOHO6CXy33KJslAneikM4yUzN0OaX0+459ZozNI6E7rrBACLLlAGqlo1Xmf2GLBOqeXu2hMC1b46JK0gJEAsrtsoIebazYKR1l5y7fzA09uQwIw9DxYLSp1ydQl5yoeOE/afzJ+A98Mo7zId94GCMaxzMj30guwSqgeJgOVfFYVFawQL/YOvGQOkwi7bZai+PtyvzMgHAECQp/fBIS1vs+e+A++oJMmjthHz3DK3nxlgdArJx16hMcIuqwSiXzUx8+ABV58EnS/Yhkxnc/QLrxQdvXs5wgWVl6hHw== |
#scp /mnt/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/logo.16_1
Получено:7 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main ucf 2.0018.1 [57,5kB] Получено:8 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main libgssapi2 0.10-4 [20,8kB] Получено:9 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main nfs-common 1:1.0.10-4 [126kB] Получено:10 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main python2.4-minimal 2.4.4-2 [900kB] The authenticity of host 'ltsp0 (192.168.15.244)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 88:c1:44:7c:71:f3:fb:66:2b:b7:0f:00:e5:b3:29:bc. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'ltsp0,192.168.15.244' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@ltsp0's password: logo.16_1 100% 9519 9.3KB/s 00:00 |
#rsync /mnt/opt/ltsp/i386/lib/modules/2.
![]() 2.4.34/ 2.6.18-3-486/ 2.6.19.2/ |
#rsync -auv /mnt/opt/ltsp/i386/lib/modules/2.6.19.2/ ltsp0:/op
kernel/drivers/video/tdfxfb.ko kernel/drivers/video/tridentfb.ko kernel/drivers/video/vfb.ko kernel/drivers/video/vga16fb.ko kernel/drivers/video/aty/ kernel/drivers/video/aty/aty128fb.ko kernel/drivers/video/aty/atyfb.ko kernel/drivers/video/aty/radeonfb.ko kernel/drivers/video/backlight/ kernel/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.ko ... kernel/fs/nls/nls_iso8859-7.ko kernel/fs/nls/nls_iso8859-9.ko kernel/fs/nls/nls_koi8-r.ko kernel/fs/nls/nls_koi8-ru.ko kernel/fs/nls/nls_koi8-u.ko kernel/fs/nls/nls_utf8.ko kernel/fs/ntfs/ kernel/fs/ntfs/ntfs.ko kernel/fs/ocfs2/ kernel/fs/ocfs2/ocfs2.ko |
#cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.19.2
|
#make menuconfig
[*] IP: multicasting x x [*] IP: advanced router x x x x x x x x x x x x ^(-) x x x x [*] IP: use netfilter MARK value as routing key x x [*] IP: use netfilter MARK value as routing key x x [*] IP: equal cost multipath x x [*] IP: equal cost multipath x x [*] IP: equal cost multipath with caching support (EXPERIMENTx x [*] IP: equal cost multipath with caching support (EXPERIMENT x x <M> MULTIPATH: round robin algorithm x x v(+) Choose IP: FIB lookup algorithm (choose FIB_HASH if unsur tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu <Select> < Exit > < Help > x x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj |
#ssh xen2
root@xen2's password: Last login: Sun Jan 28 14:09:26 2007 from 192.168.15.254 Linux xen2.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. l3-agent is already running: pid=5304; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 699 1 r----- 5842.2 vnc0 7 800 1 -b---- 5641.4 |
#xm create -c ltsp0.1
0MB HIGHMEM available. 264MB LOWMEM available. ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 67584 Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda1 ro Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done. Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done. Initializing CPU#0 PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 11, 8192 bytes) Xen reported: 2666.978 MHz processor. ... Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ltsp0 tty1 ltsp0 login: Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ltsp0 tty1 ltsp0 login: Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ltsp0 tty1 ltsp0 login: Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ltsp0 tty1 ltsp0 login: root Password: Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ltsp0 tty1 |
#ssh xen2
root@xen2's password: Last login: Sun Jan 28 15:34:25 2007 from xen1.unix.nt Linux xen2.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. l3-agent is already running: pid=5304; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#ls -l /boot/
итого 34208 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 2007-01-22 15:27 config -> config-2.6.19.2.noNFS -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23431 2006-12-25 20:41 config-2.4.34 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67933 2006-09-13 18:43 config-2.6.17-2-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64299 2006-09-14 02:04 config-2.6.17-2-xen-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67700 2006-12-05 00:39 config-2.6.18-3-xen-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 70049 2007-01-21 12:09 config-2.6.19.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 70066 2007-01-22 15:27 config-2.6.19.2.noNFS -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 70060 2007-01-22 14:13 config-2.6.19.2.noNFS.old lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 2007-01-22 15:27 config.old -> config-2.6.19.2.noNFS.old ... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1605403 2006-12-25 21:05 vmlinuz-2.4.34 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1214094 2006-09-14 01:12 vmlinuz-2.6.17-2-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1187021 2006-09-14 02:02 vmlinuz-2.6.17-2-xen-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1234717 2006-12-05 00:38 vmlinuz-2.6.18-3-xen-686 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1722162 2007-01-21 12:09 vmlinuz-2.6.19.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1753024 2007-01-22 15:27 vmlinuz-2.6.19.2.noNFS -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1720336 2007-01-22 14:13 vmlinuz-2.6.19.2.noNFS.old lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 2007-01-22 15:27 vmlinuz.old -> vmlinuz-2.6.19.2.noNFS.old -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 244899 2006-11-02 21:39 xen-3.0.3-1-i386.gz drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2006-12-13 00:25 xen-for-oes1 |
#scp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.19.2.noNFS 192.168.15.203:/mnt/boot/
The authenticity of host '192.168.15.203 (192.168.15.203)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 28:6c:aa:27:e0:ca:bb:76:cf:37:55:50:68:c3:8a:13. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.15.203' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.15.203's password: vmlinuz-2.6.19.2.noNFS 100% 1712KB 1.7MB/s 00:00 |
#scp /boot/initrd.img-2.6.19.2.noNFS 192.168.15.203:/mnt/boot/
root@192.168.15.203's password: initrd.img-2.6.19.2.noNFS 100% 4406KB 4.3MB/s 00:01 |
#rsync /lib/modules/2.6.19.2.noNFS/ 192.168.15.203:/mnt/lib/modul
![]() |
#rsync -auv /lib/modules/2.6.19.2.noNFS/ 192.168.15.203:/mnt/lib/
odules/2.6.19.2.noNFS/ root@192.168.15.203's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@192.168.15.203's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@192.168.15.203's password: Permission denied (publickey,password). rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: unexplained error (code 255) at io.c(453) [sender=2.6.9] |
#exit
kernel/drivers/video/savage/ kernel/drivers/video/savage/savagefb.ko kernel/drivers/video/sis/ kernel/drivers/video/sis/sisfb.ko kernel/drivers/w1/ kernel/drivers/w1/wire.ko kernel/drivers/w1/masters/ kernel/drivers/w1/masters/ds2482.ko kernel/drivers/w1/masters/ds2490.ko kernel/drivers/w1/masters/matrox_w1.ko ... kernel/net/802/ kernel/net/802/p8023.ko kernel/net/8021q/ kernel/net/8021q/8021q.ko kernel/net/appletalk/ kernel/net/appletalk/appletalk.ko kernel/net/atm/ kernel/net/atm/br2684.ko kernel/net/atm/lec.ko Connection to xen2 closed. |
#vim /mnt/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.cfg/default
![]() |
#ssh ltsp0
Необходимо скачать 123kБ архивов. После распаковки объем занятого дискового пространства возрастёт на 451kB. Получено:1 http://192.168.15.251 etch/main rdesktop 1.5.0-1 [123kB] Получено 123kB за 0s (1077kB/c) Выбор ранее не выбранного пакета rdesktop. (Чтение базы данных... на данный момент установлено 21334 файлов и каталогов.) Распаковывается пакет rdesktop (из файла .../rdesktop_1.5.0-1_i386.deb)... Настраивается пакет rdesktop (1.5.0-1) ... ltsp0:/# exit ltsp0:~# logout Connection to ltsp0 closed. |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 699 1 r----- 5952.7 ltsp0.1 38 256 1 ------ 73.9 vnc0 7 800 1 -b---- 5664.6 |
#ssh ltsp0
root@ltsp0's password: Last login: Sun Jan 28 15:02:48 2007 from xen1.unix.nt Linux ltsp0 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. ltsp0:~# shutdown -h niwq Usage: shutdown [-akrhHPfnc] [-t secs] time [warning message] ... -F: Force fsck on reboot. -n: do not go through "init" but go down real fast. -c: cancel a running shutdown. -t secs: delay between warning and kill signal. ** the "time" argument is mandatory! (try "now") ** ltsp0:~# shutdown -h now Broadcast message from root@ltsp0 (ttyp0) (Sun Jan 28 15:44:45 2007): The system is going down for system halt NOW! ltsp0:~# logout Connection to ltsp0 closed. |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 699 1 r----- 5953.3 ltsp0.1 38 256 1 ------ 77.6 vnc0 7 800 1 ------ 5664.7 |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 699 1 r----- 5953.7 ltsp0.1 38 256 1 -b---- 77.9 vnc0 7 800 1 -b---- 5664.7 |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 699 1 r----- 5953.9 ltsp0.1 38 256 1 -b---- 77.9 vnc0 7 800 1 ------ 5664.7 |
#xm list
![]() Error: Device 0 not connected Usage: xm list [options] [Domain, ...] List information about all/some domains. -l, --long Output all VM details in SXP --label Include security labels |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 699 1 r----- 5955.1 vnc0 7 800 1 -b---- 5664.7 |
#rm /etc/xen/ltsp0.1
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#rm /data/ltsp.img
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#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 19G 14G 4.2G 77% / udev 10M 56K 10M 1% /dev devshm 944M 0 944M 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/NAS1-ISO 22G 18G 2.8G 87% /data/ISO /dev/mapper/NAS0-ltsp0 9.9G 2.6G 6.8G 28% /mnt |
#xm create ltsp0
![]() Using config file "/etc/xen/ltsp0". Error: Device 769 (vbd) could not be connected. Device /dev/NAS0/ltsp0 is mounted in the privileged domain, and so cannot be mounted by a guest. |
#mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devshm on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /dev/mapper/NAS1-ISO on /data/ISO type ext3 (rw) /dev/mapper/NAS0-ltsp0 on /mnt type ext3 (rw) |
#umount /mnt
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#xm create ltsp0
Using config file "/etc/xen/ltsp0". Started domain ltsp0 |
#ls -l
total 11301400 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1031798784 2007-01-24 21:00 boot_usb_Debian.img -rwx------ 1 root root 8388608 2007-01-19 12:37 c7200_i0_bootflash -rw------- 1 root root 67108864 2007-01-19 12:37 c7200_i0_disk0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40784 2007-01-19 12:39 c7200_i0_log.txt -rwx------ 1 root root 131072 2007-01-19 12:37 c7200_i0_nvram -rw-r-xr-- 1 root root 66120024 2007-01-18 19:59 C7200-JK.BIN -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 53626880 2003-04-27 18:37 damnsmall-0.3.6-usb.tar -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4683956224 2007-01-25 16:46 Debian_RC4_disk1.iso -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4676747264 2007-01-25 16:05 Debian_RC4_disk2.iso drwxr-xr-x 3 user user 12288 2007-01-19 00:41 dynamips-0.2.6-RC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 388719 2007-01-17 21:03 dynamips-0.2.6-RC5.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2007-01-19 12:37 dynamips_log.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 121 2007-01-18 21:45 natasha.router -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1010 2007-01-24 22:29 tc-rescue-script.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1048576000 2007-01-25 18:07 usb_frenzy.img |
#ls
boot_usb_Debian.img c7200_i0_log.txt damnsmall-0.3.6-usb.tar dynamips-0.2.6-RC5 natasha.router c7200_i0_bootflash c7200_i0_nvram Debian_RC4_disk1.iso dynamips-0.2.6-RC5.tar.gz tc-rescue-script.sh c7200_i0_disk0 C7200-JK.BIN Debian_RC4_disk2.iso dynamips_log.txt usb_frenzy.img |
#ls -lh
total 11G -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 984M 2007-01-24 21:00 boot_usb_Debian.img -rwx------ 1 root root 8.0M 2007-01-19 12:37 c7200_i0_bootflash -rw------- 1 root root 64M 2007-01-19 12:37 c7200_i0_disk0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40K 2007-01-19 12:39 c7200_i0_log.txt -rwx------ 1 root root 128K 2007-01-19 12:37 c7200_i0_nvram -rw-r-xr-- 1 root root 64M 2007-01-18 19:59 C7200-JK.BIN -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52M 2003-04-27 18:37 damnsmall-0.3.6-usb.tar -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.4G 2007-01-25 16:46 Debian_RC4_disk1.iso -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.4G 2007-01-25 16:05 Debian_RC4_disk2.iso drwxr-xr-x 3 user user 12K 2007-01-19 00:41 dynamips-0.2.6-RC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 380K 2007-01-17 21:03 dynamips-0.2.6-RC5.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2007-01-19 12:37 dynamips_log.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 121 2007-01-18 21:45 natasha.router -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1010 2007-01-24 22:29 tc-rescue-script.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1000M 2007-01-25 18:07 usb_frenzy.img |
#xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 699 1 r----- 6904.8 ltsp0 40 256 1 -b---- 217.3 vnc0 7 800 1 ------ 6963.7 |
#ssh ltsp0
![]() @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed. The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is 9b:30:7a:65:50:a0:f1:6e:cf:3b:c8:9e:79:8b:9b:34. Please contact your system administrator. Add correct host key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. Offending key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:13 RSA host key for ltsp0 has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed. |
#vim .ssh/known_hosts
13d12 < |1|KdCLpAXewBy4GYMDnlthtfWj9c8=|WCa3lLdqb49lUCnV6Y87+0VWzr8= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvKBGvH/60SsYa2QuRNP9OJez9hdVXuB4gxK/B8ZpO25GRuEUTDOHO6CXy33KJslAneikM4yUzN0OaX0+459ZozNI6E7rrBACLLlAGqlo1Xmf2GLBOqeXu2hMC1b46JK0gJEAsrtsoIebazYKR1l5y7fzA09uQwIw9DxYLSp1ydQl5yoeOE/afzJ+A98Mo7zId94GCMaxzMj30guwSqgeJgOVfFYVFawQL/YOvGQOkwi7bZai+PtyvzMgHAECQp/fBIS1vs+e+A++oJMmjthHz3DK3nxlgdArJx16hMcIuqwSiXzUx8+ABV58EnS/Yhkxnc/QLrxQdvXs5wgWVl6hHw== |
#ssh ltsp0
The authenticity of host 'ltsp0 (192.168.15.244)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 9b:30:7a:65:50:a0:f1:6e:cf:3b:c8:9e:79:8b:9b:34. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'ltsp0' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Warning: the RSA host key for 'ltsp0' differs from the key for the IP address '192.168.15.244' Offending key for IP in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:13 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes root@ltsp0's password: Last login: Sun Jan 28 14:05:51 2007 from xen1.unix.nt Linux ltsp0.unix.nt 2.6.18-3-xen-686 #1 SMP Mon Dec 4 20:48:20 UTC 2006 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. ltsp0:~# shutdown -h now The system is going down for system halt NOW!yp0) (Mon Jan 29 14:23:29 2007): ltsp0:~# logout Connection to ltsp0 closed. |
#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 19G 14G 4.2G 77% / udev 10M 56K 10M 1% /dev devshm 944M 0 944M 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/NAS1-ISO 22G 18G 2.8G 87% /data/ISO |
#ls -l /
total 88 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-01-17 20:25 bin drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2006-12-06 19:27 boot lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 2006-12-06 01:02 cdrom -> media/cdrom drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2007-01-28 17:45 data drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4280 2007-01-28 06:47 dev drwxr-xr-x 76 root root 4096 2007-01-28 17:46 etc drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2007-01-20 18:05 home drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2006-12-06 01:29 initrd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 2006-12-06 01:42 initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.17-2-686 ... dr-xr-xr-x 75 root root 0 2007-01-22 08:24 proc drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 2007-01-29 14:23 root drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2006-12-11 07:36 sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2006-10-21 01:25 selinux drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2006-12-06 01:29 srv drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 0 2007-01-22 08:24 sys drwxrwxrwt 6 root root 4096 2007-01-29 14:23 tmp drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 2006-12-26 12:04 usr drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 2006-12-06 01:29 var lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 2006-12-06 01:42 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17-2-686 |
#cd data
![]() bash: cd: data: No such file or directory |
#cd /
|
#ls
ISO |
#dd if=/dev/zero of=ltsp.img count=4096k bs=512
4194304+0 records in 4194304+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 36.8376 seconds, 58.3 MB/s |
#ls -lh
total 2.1G drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K 2007-01-21 23:50 ISO -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0G 2007-01-29 14:25 ltsp.img |
#mkfs.ext3 ltsp.img
mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) ltsp.img is not a block special device. Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 262144 inodes, 524288 blocks 26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912 16 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16384 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
#mount ltsp.img /mnt -o loop
|
#mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devshm on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /dev/mapper/NAS1-ISO on /data/ISO type ext3 (rw) /data/ltsp.img on /mnt type ext3 (rw,loop=/dev/loop0) |
#deb file:/ftp/pub DEBS/ #deb http://debian.org.ua/debian unstable main contrib non-free deb http://192.168.15.251:9999/debian testing main contrib non-free
Время первой команды журнала | 14:19:38 2007- 1-28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 14:26:57 2007- 1-29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 12.87 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 2.29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008