man/orig/ifconfig
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IFCONFIG(8) FreeBSD System Manager's Manual IFCONFIG(8)
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[править] NAME
ifconfig — configure network interface parameters
[править] SYNOPSIS
ifconfig [-L] [-k] [-m] [-n] interface [create] address_family [address
[dest_address]] [parameters]
ifconfig interface destroy
ifconfig -a [-L] [-d] [-m] [-u] [-v] [address_family]
ifconfig -l [-d] [-u] [address_family]
ifconfig [-L] [-d] [-k] [-m] [-u] [-v] [-C]
ifconfig [-g groupname]
[править] DESCRIPTION
The ifconfig utility is used to assign an address to a network interface
and/or configure network interface parameters. The ifconfig utility must
be used at boot time to define the network address of each interface
present on a machine; it may also be used at a later time to redefine an
interface's address or other operating parameters.
The following options are available:
address
For the DARPA-Internet family, the address is either a host name
present in the host name data base, hosts(5), or a DARPA Internet
address expressed in the Internet standard “dot notation”.
It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
slash notation) to include the netmask. That is, one can specify
an address like 192.168.0.1/16.
For the “inet6” family, it is also possible to specify the prefix
length using the slash notation, like ::1/128. See the prefixlen
parameter below for more information.
The link-level (“link”) address is specified as a series of
colon-separated hex digits. This can be used to e.g. set a new
MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the mechanism used
is not ethernet-specific. If the interface is already up when
this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and then
brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive filter
in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
address_family
Specify the address family which affects interpretation of the
remaining parameters. Since an interface can receive transmis‐
sions in differing protocols with different naming schemes, spec‐
ifying the address family is recommended. The address or proto‐
col families currently supported are “inet”, “inet6”, “atalk”,
“ipx”, and “link”. The default if available is “inet” or other‐
wise “link”. “ether” and “lladdr” are synonyms for “link”.
dest_address
Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end of a
point to point link.
interface
This parameter is a string of the form “name unit”, for example,
“ed0”.
groupname
List the interfaces in the given group.
The following parameters may be set with ifconfig:
add Another name for the alias parameter. Introduced for compatibil‐
ity with BSD/OS.
alias Establish an additional network address for this interface. This
is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and one wishes
to accept packets addressed to the old interface. If the address
is on the same subnet as the first network address for this
interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given. Usually
0xffffffff is most appropriate.
-alias Remove the network address specified. This would be used if you
incorrectly specified an alias, or it was no longer needed. If
you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect of
specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will allow
you to respecify the host portion.
anycast
(Inet6 only.) Specify that the address configured is an anycast
address. Based on the current specification, only routers may
configure anycast addresses. Anycast address will not be used as
source address of any of outgoing IPv6 packets.
arp Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol (arp(4)) in
mapping between network level addresses and link level addresses
(default). This is currently implemented for mapping between
DARPA Internet addresses and IEEE 802 48-bit MAC addresses (Eth‐
ernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
-arp Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol (arp(4)).
staticarp
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled, the host will only
reply to requests for its addresses, and will never send any
requests.
-staticarp
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled, the host will per‐
form normally, sending out requests and listening for replies.
broadcast
(Inet only.) Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts
to the network. The default broadcast address is the address
with a host part of all 1's.
debug Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
extra console error logging.
-debug Disable driver dependent debugging code.
promisc
Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
-promisc
Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
delete Another name for the -alias parameter.
description value, descr value
Specify a description of the interface. This can be used to
label interfaces in situations where they may otherwise be diffi‐
cult to distinguish.
-description, -descr
Clear the interface description.
down Mark an interface “down”. When an interface is marked “down”,
the system will not attempt to transmit messages through that
interface. If possible, the interface will be reset to disable
reception as well. This action does not automatically disable
routes using the interface.
group group-name
Assign the interface to a “group”. Any interface can be in mul‐
tiple groups.
Cloned interfaces are members of their interface family group by
default. For example, a PPP interface such as ppp0 is a member
of the PPP interface family group, ppp.
-group group-name
Remove the interface from the given “group”.
eui64 (Inet6 only.) Fill interface index (lowermost 64bit of an IPv6
address) automatically.
fib fib_number
Specify interface FIB. A FIB fib_number is assigned to all
frames or packets received on that interface. The FIB is not
inherited, e.g. vlans or other sub-interfaces will use the
default FIB (0) irrespective of the parent interface's FIB. The
kernel needs to be tuned to support more than the default FIB
using the ROUTETABLES kernel configuration option, or the
net.fibs tunable.
ipdst This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to
receive IP packets encapsulating IPX packets bound for a remote
network. An apparent point to point link is constructed, and the
address specified will be taken as the IPX address and network of
the destination.
maclabel label
If Mandatory Access Control support is enabled in the kernel, set
the MAC label to label.
media type
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media
type of the interface to type. Some interfaces support the mutu‐
ally exclusive use of one of several different physical media
connectors. For example, a 10Mbit/s Ethernet interface might
support the use of either AUI or twisted pair connectors. Set‐
ting the media type to 10base5/AUI would change the currently
active connector to the AUI port. Setting it to 10baseT/UTP
would activate twisted pair. Refer to the interfaces' driver
specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
available types.
mediaopt opts
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the speci‐
fied media options on the interface. The opts argument is a
comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface. Refer
to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete list
of available options.
-mediaopt opts
If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
specified media options on the interface.
mode mode
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the speci‐
fied operating mode on the interface to mode. For IEEE 802.11
wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes this
directive is used to select between 802.11a (11a), 802.11b (11b),
and 802.11g (11g) operating modes.
inst minst, instance minst
Set the media instance to minst. This is useful for devices
which have multiple physical layer interfaces (PHYs).
name name
Set the interface name to name.
rxcsum, txcsum
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the inter‐
face. Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags inde‐
pendently of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
-rxcsum, -txcsum
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the inter‐
face. These settings may not always be independent of each
other.
tso If the driver supports tcp(4) segmentation offloading, enable TSO
on the interface. Some drivers may not be able to support TSO
for ip(4) and ip6(4) packets, so they may enable only one of
them.
-tso If the driver supports tcp(4) segmentation offloading, disable
TSO on the interface. It will always disable TSO for ip(4) and
ip6(4).
lro If the driver supports tcp(4) large receive offloading, enable
LRO on the interface.
-lro If the driver supports tcp(4) large receive offloading, disable
LRO on the interface.
wol, wol_ucast, wol_mcast, wol_magic
Enable Wake On Lan (WOL) support, if available. WOL is a facil‐
ity whereby a machine in a low power state may be woken in
response to a received packet. There are three types of packets
that may wake a system: ucast (directed solely to the machine's
mac address), mcast (directed to a broadcast or multicast
address), or magic (unicast or multicast frames with a ``magic
contents). Not all devices support WOL, those that do indicate
the mechanisms they support in their capabilities. wol is a syn‐
onym for enabling all available WOL mechanisms. To disable WOL
use -wol.
vlanmtu, vlanhwtag, vlanhwfilter, vlanhwcsum, vlanhwtso
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
reception of extended frames, tag processing in hardware, frame
filtering in hardware, checksum offloading, or TSO on VLAN,
respectively. Note that this must be issued on a physical inter‐
face associated with vlan(4), not on a vlan(4) interface itself.
-vlanmtu, -vlanhwtag, -vlanhwfilter, -vlanhwtso
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
reception of extended frames, tag processing in hardware, frame
filtering in hardware, or TSO on VLAN, respectively.
vnet jail
Move the interface to the jail(8), specified by name or JID. If
the jail has a virtual network stack, the interface will disap‐
pear from the current environment and become visible to the jail.
-vnet jail
Reclaim the interface from the jail(8), specified by name or JID.
If the jail has a virtual network stack, the interface will dis‐
appear from the jail, and become visible to the current network
environment.
polling
Turn on polling(4) feature and disable interrupts on the inter‐
face, if driver supports this mode.
-polling
Turn off polling(4) feature and enable interrupt mode on the
interface.
create Create the specified network pseudo-device. If the interface is
given without a unit number, try to create a new device with an
arbitrary unit number. If creation of an arbitrary device is
successful, the new device name is printed to standard output
unless the interface is renamed or destroyed in the same ifconfig
invocation.
destroy
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
plumb Another name for the create parameter. Included for Solaris com‐
patibility.
unplumb
Another name for the destroy parameter. Included for Solaris
compatibility.
metric n
Set the routing metric of the interface to n, default 0. The
routing metric is used by the routing protocol (routed(8)).
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route less favorable;
metrics are counted as additional hops to the destination network
or host.
mtu n Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to n, default
is interface specific. The MTU is used to limit the size of
packets that are transmitted on an interface. Not all interfaces
support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have range restric‐
tions.
netmask mask
(Inet only.) Specify how much of the address to reserve for sub‐
dividing networks into sub-networks. The mask includes the net‐
work part of the local address and the subnet part, which is
taken from the host field of the address. The mask can be speci‐
fied as a single hexadecimal number with a leading ‘0x’, with a
dot-notation Internet address, or with a pseudo-network name
listed in the network table networks(5). The mask contains 1's
for the bit positions in the 32-bit address which are to be used
for the network and subnet parts, and 0's for the host part. The
mask should contain at least the standard network portion, and
the subnet field should be contiguous with the network portion.
The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the
address. See the address option above for more information.
prefixlen len
(Inet6 only.) Specify that len bits are reserved for subdividing
networks into sub-networks. The len must be integer, and for
syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128. It is almost
always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule. If the parame‐
ter is omitted, 64 is used.
The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after
the address. See the address option above for more information.
range netrange
Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a netrange of
the form startnet-endnet. Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
netmasks though FreeBSD implements it internally as a set of net‐
masks.
remove Another name for the -alias parameter. Introduced for compati‐
bility with BSD/OS.
phase The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
Appletalk network attached to the interface. Values of 1 or 2
are permitted.
link[0-2]
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, how‐
ever, they are in general used to select special modes of opera‐
tion. An example of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to
select the connector type for some Ethernet cards. Refer to the
man page for the specific driver for more information.
-link[0-2]
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified
interface.
monitor
Put the interface in monitor mode. No packets are transmitted,
and received packets are discarded after bpf(4) processing.
-monitor
Take the interface out of monitor mode.
up Mark an interface “up”. This may be used to enable an interface
after an “ifconfig down”. It happens automatically when setting
the first address on an interface. If the interface was reset
when previously marked down, the hardware will be re-initialized.
The following parameters are for ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol.
Note that the address family keyword “inet6” is needed for them:
accept_rtadv
Set a flag to enable accepting ICMPv6 Router Advertisement mes‐
sages. The sysctl(8) variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv con‐
trols whether this flag is set by default or not.
-accept_rtadv
Clear a flag accept_rtadv.
no_radr
Set a flag to control whether routers from which the system
accepts Router Advertisement messages will be added to the
Default Router List or not. When the accept_rtadv flag is dis‐
abled, this flag has no effect. The sysctl(8) variable
net.inet6.ip6.no_radr controls whether this flag is set by
default or not.
-no_radr
Clear a flag no_radr.
auto_linklocal
Set a flag to perform automatic link-local address configuration
when the interface becomes available. The sysctl(8) variable
net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal controls whether this flag is set by
default or not.
-auto_linklocal
Clear a flag auto_linklocal.
defaultif
Set the specified interface as the default route when there is no
default router.
-defaultif
Clear a flag defaultif.
ifdisabled
Set a flag to disable all of IPv6 network communications on the
specified interface. Note that if there are already configured
IPv6 addresses on that interface, all of them are marked as
“tentative” and DAD will be performed when this flag is cleared.
-ifdisabled
Clear a flag ifdisabled. When this flag is cleared and
auto_linklocal flag is enabled, automatic configuration of a
link-local address is performed.
nud Set a flag to enable Neighbor Unreachability Detection.
-nud Clear a flag nud.
prefer_source
Set a flag to prefer addresses on the interface as candidates of
the source address for outgoing packets.
-prefer_source
Clear a flag prefer_source.
The following parameters are specific to cloning IEEE 802.11 wireless
interfaces with the create request:
wlandev device
Use device as the parent for the cloned device.
wlanmode mode
Specify the operating mode for this cloned device. mode is one
of sta, ahdemo (or adhoc-demo ), ibss, (or adhoc ), ap, (or
hostap ), wds, tdma, mesh, and monitor. The operating mode of a
cloned interface cannot be changed. The tdma mode is actually
implemented as an adhoc-demo interface with special properties.
wlanbssid bssid
The 802.11 mac address to use for the bssid. This must be speci‐
fied at create time for a legacy wds device.
wlanaddr address
The local mac address. If this is not specified then a mac
address will automatically be assigned to the cloned device.
Typically this address is the same as the address of the parent
device but if the bssid parameter is specified then the driver
will craft a unique address for the device (if supported).
wdslegacy
Mark a wds device as operating in ``legacy mode. Legacy wds
devices have a fixed peer relationship and do not, for example,
roam if their peer stops communicating. For completeness a
Dynamic WDS (DWDS) interface may marked as -wdslegacy.
bssid Request a unique local mac address for the cloned device. This
is only possible if the device supports multiple mac addresses.
To force use of the parent's mac address use -bssid.
beacons
Mark the cloned interface as depending on hardware support to
track received beacons. To have beacons tracked in software use
-beacons. For hostap mode -beacons can also be used to indicate
no beacons should be transmitted; this can be useful when creat‐
ing a WDS configuration but wds interfaces can only be created as
companions to an access point.
The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces
cloned with a create operation:
ampdu Enable sending and receiving AMPDU frames when using 802.11n
(default). The 802.11n specification states a compliant station
must be capable of receiving AMPDU frames but transmission is
optional. Use -ampdu to disable all use of AMPDU with 802.11n.
For testing and/or to work around interoperability problems one
can use ampdutx and ampdurx to control use of AMPDU in one direc‐
tion.
ampdudensity density
Set the AMPDU density parameter used when operating with 802.11n.
This parameter controls the inter-packet gap for AMPDU frames.
The sending device normally controls this setting but a receiving
station may request wider gaps. Legal values for density are 0,
.25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 (microseconds). A value of - is
treated the same as 0.
ampdulimit limit
Set the limit on packet size for receiving AMPDU frames when
operating with 802.11n. Legal values for limit are 8192, 16384,
32768, and 65536 but one can also specify just the unique prefix:
8, 16, 32, 64. Note the sender may limit the size of AMPDU
frames to be less than the maximum specified by the receiving
station.
amsdu Enable sending and receiving AMSDU frames when using 802.11n. By
default AMSDU is received but not transmitted. Use -amsdu to
disable all use of AMSDU with 802.11n. For testing and/or to
work around interoperability problems one can use amsdutx and
amsdurx to control use of AMSDU in one direction.
amsdulimit limit
Set the limit on packet size for sending and receiving AMSDU
frames when operating with 802.11n. Legal values for limit are
7935 and 3839 (bytes). Note the sender may limit the size of
AMSDU frames to be less than the maximum specified by the receiv‐
ing station. Note also that devices are not required to support
the 7935 limit, only 3839 is required by the specification and
the larger value may require more memory to be dedicated to sup‐
port functionality that is rarely used.
apbridge
When operating as an access point, pass packets between wireless
clients directly (default). To instead let them pass up through
the system and be forwarded using some other mechanism, use
-apbridge. Disabling the internal bridging is useful when traf‐
fic is to be processed with packet filtering.
authmode mode
Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode. Not
all adapters support all modes. The set of valid modes is none,
open, shared (shared key), 8021x (IEEE 802.1x), and wpa (IEEE
WPA/WPA2/802.11i). The 8021x and wpa modes are only useful when
using an authentication service (a supplicant for client opera‐
tion or an authenticator when operating as an access point).
Modes are case insensitive.
bgscan Enable background scanning when operating as a station. Back‐
ground scanning is a technique whereby a station associated to an
access point will temporarily leave the channel to scan for
neighboring stations. This allows a station to maintain a cache
of nearby access points so that roaming between access points can
be done without a lengthy scan operation. Background scanning is
done only when a station is not busy and any outbound traffic
will cancel a scan operation. Background scanning should never
cause packets to be lost though there may be some small latency
if outbound traffic interrupts a scan operation. By default
background scanning is enabled if the device is capable. To dis‐
able background scanning, use -bgscan. Background scanning is
controlled by the bgscanidle and bgscanintvl parameters. Back‐
ground scanning must be enabled for roaming; this is an artifact
of the current implementation and may not be required in the
future.
bgscanidle idletime
Set the minimum time a station must be idle (not transmitting or
receiving frames) before a background scan is initiated. The
idletime parameter is specified in milliseconds. By default a
station must be idle at least 250 milliseconds before a back‐
ground scan is initiated. The idle time may not be set to less
than 100 milliseconds.
bgscanintvl interval
Set the interval at which background scanning is attempted. The
interval parameter is specified in seconds. By default a back‐
ground scan is considered every 300 seconds (5 minutes). The
interval may not be set to less than 15 seconds.
bintval interval
Set the interval at which beacon frames are sent when operating
in ad-hoc or ap mode. The interval parameter is specified in
TU's (1024 usecs). By default beacon frames are transmitted
every 100 TU's.
bmissthreshold count
Set the number of consecutive missed beacons at which the station
will attempt to roam (i.e., search for a new access point). The
count parameter must be in the range 1 to 255; though the upper
bound may be reduced according to d