11:42:19
|
#ping 89.105.249.139
PING 89.105.249.139 (89.105.249.139) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 89.105.249.139 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2016ms |
| /l3/users/eb/2009/linux13/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :29 :30 :31 :32 :33 :34 :35 :36 :37 :38 :39 :40 :41 :42 :43 :44 :45 :46 :47 :48 :49 :50 :51 :52 :53 :54 :55 :56 :57 :58 :59 :60 :61 :62 :63 :64 :65 :66 :67 :68 :69 :70 :71 :72 :73 :74 :75 :76 |
|
|
#ping 89.105.249.139
PING 89.105.249.139 (89.105.249.139) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 89.105.249.139 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2016ms |
|
#фзе-пуе штыефдд иштв9
bash: фзе-пуе: command not found |
|
#ldd `!!`
ldd `which hald`
linux-gate.so.1 => (0xb7ee9000)
libdbus-glib-1.so.2 => /usr/lib/libdbus-glib-1.so.2 (0xb7ec2000)
libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0xb7e85000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0xb7dce000)
libdbus-1.so.3 => /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so.3 (0xb7d95000)
libpolkit.so.2 => /usr/lib/libpolkit.so.2 (0xb7d7e000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/i686/cmov/libm.so.6 (0xb7d58000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 (0xb7bf8000)
libpcre.so.3 => /usr/lib/libpcre.so.3 (0xb7bc6000)
libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7ba0000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7eea000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0 (0xb7b87000)
|
|
#dpkg -S hald
hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-probe-net-bluetooth hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-generic-backlight hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-probe-ieee1394-unit hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-ipw-killswitch hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-generate-fdi-cache hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-storage hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-input hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-probe-hiddev hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-leds hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-dell-backlight ... hal: /usr/sbin/hald hal: /usr/share/man/man8/hald.8.gz hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-pmu hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-probe-storage hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-hid-ups hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-probe-input hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-imac-backlight hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-cpufreq hal: /var/cache/hald hal: /usr/lib/hal/hald-addon-acpi |
|
#dpkg -L hald
Package `hald' is not installed. Use dpkg --info (= dpkg-deb --info) to examine archive files, and dpkg --contents (= dpkg-deb --contents) to list their contents. |
|
#dpkg -L hal
/usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/10-leds.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/10-tabletPCs.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/debian-storage-policy-ignore-fixed-crypto-drives.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/10-dell-laptop-brightness.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/10-laptop-panel-mgmt-policy.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/10-dockstation.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/20-storage-methods.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/30-wol.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/10-usbcsr-mice.fdi /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/10-cpufreq.fdi ... /sbin /var /var/lib /var/lib/hal /var/cache /var/cache/hald /usr/lib/hal/scripts/linux/hal-system-wol-supported-linux /usr/lib/hal/scripts/linux/hal-system-wol-enabled-linux /usr/lib/hal/scripts/linux/hal-system-wol-enable-linux /sbin/umount.hal |
|
#dpkg -L hal|less
|
|
#cat /etc/default/hal
DAEMON_OPTS= |
|
#apt-cache search dns-server
|
|
#apt-cache search dns server
dnsutils - Clients provided with BIND libdns50 - DNS Shared Library used by BIND host - utility for querying DNS servers |
|
#apt-cache search bind
libdbus-1-3 - simple interprocess messaging system xulrunner-1.9 - XUL + XPCOM application runner dnsutils - Clients provided with BIND libxcb-render-util0 - utility libraries for X C Binding -- render-util dbus - simple interprocess messaging system openbsd-inetd - The OpenBSD Internet Superserver libisccfg50 - Config File Handling Library used by BIND libxcb1 - X C Binding libisccc50 - Command Channel Library used by BIND libxcb-event1 - utility libraries for X C Binding -- event ... libgtk2-perl - Perl interface to the 2.x series of the Gimp Toolkit library python-glade2 - GTK+ bindings: Glade support python-gtk2 - Python bindings for the GTK+ widget set python-gobject - Python bindings for the GObject library libhesiod0 - Project Athena's DNS-based directory service - libraries liblocale-gettext-perl - Using libc functions for internationalization in Perl liblwres50 - Lightweight Resolver Library used by BIND libnet-libidn-perl - Perl bindings for GNU Libidn libexo-0.3-0 - Library with extensions for Xfce less - pager program similar to more |
|
#apt-cache search bind9|less
|
|
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package bind9 is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source However the following packages replace it: dnsutils E: Package bind9 has no installation candidate |
|
#apt-get install bind
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package bind is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source However the following packages replace it: manpages dnsutils E: Package bind has no installation candidate |
|
#apt-get install bind
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package bind is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source However the following packages replace it: manpages dnsutils E: Package bind has no installation candidate |
|
#apt-get install dnsutils
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done dnsutils is already the newest version. dnsutils set to manually installed. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. |
|
#apt-cache search bind9
libbind9-50 - BIND9 Shared Library used by BIND host - utility for querying DNS servers |
|
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package bind9 is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source However the following packages replace it: dnsutils E: Package bind9 has no installation candidate |
|
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package bind9 is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source However the following packages replace it: dnsutils E: Package bind9 has no installation candidate |
|
#apt-cache search bind server
dnsutils - Clients provided with BIND openbsd-inetd - The OpenBSD Internet Superserver libisccfg50 - Config File Handling Library used by BIND libisccc50 - Command Channel Library used by BIND libbind9-50 - BIND9 Shared Library used by BIND libdns50 - DNS Shared Library used by BIND libisc50 - ISC Shared Library used by BIND host - utility for querying DNS servers liblwres50 - Lightweight Resolver Library used by BIND |
|
#apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be upgraded: approx grub-common gstreamer0.10-plugins-good libgail18 libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-data libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common libpkcs11-helper1 openvpn whois 12 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 13.8MB of archives. After this operation, 1804kB of additional disk space will be used. ... Setting up libgtk2.0-0 (2.16.2-1) ... Setting up libgail18 (2.16.2-1) ... Setting up gstreamer0.10-plugins-good (0.10.15-2) ... Setting up libglib2.0-data (2.20.3-1) ... Setting up libgtk2.0-bin (2.16.2-1) ... Setting up libpkcs11-helper1 (1.07-1) ... Setting up openvpn (2.1~rc15-1) ... Installing new version of config file /etc/init.d/openvpn ... Restarting virtual private network daemon.:. Setting up grub-common (1.96+20090603-1) ... |
|
#apt-get update
Get:1 http://192.168.15.13 sid Release.gpg [1032B] Ign http://192.168.15.13 sid/main Translation-en_US Ign http://192.168.15.13 sid/contrib Translation-en_US Ign http://192.168.15.13 sid/non-free Translation-en_US Get:2 http://192.168.15.13 sid Release [94.4kB] Ign http://192.168.15.13 sid/main Packages Ign http://192.168.15.13 sid/contrib Packages Ign http://192.168.15.13 sid/non-free Packages Get:3 http://192.168.15.13 sid/main Packages [7775kB] Get:4 http://192.168.15.13 sid/contrib Packages [79.8kB] Get:5 http://192.168.15.13 sid/non-free Packages [143kB] Fetched 8093kB in 4s (1897kB/s) Reading package lists... Done |
|
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: bind9utils Suggested packages: bind9-doc resolvconf ufw The following NEW packages will be installed: bind9 bind9utils 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded. ... Setting up bind9utils (1:9.6.0.dfsg.P1-2) ... Setting up bind9 (1:9.6.0.dfsg.P1-2) ... Adding group `bind' (GID 111) ... Done. Adding system user `bind' (UID 108) ... Adding new user `bind' (UID 108) with group `bind' ... Not creating home directory `/var/cache/bind'. wrote key file "/etc/bind/rndc.key" # Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
|
#dpkg -L bind
Package `bind' is not installed. Use dpkg --info (= dpkg-deb --info) to examine archive files, and dpkg --contents (= dpkg-deb --contents) to list their contents. |
|
#dpkg -L bind9
/. /etc /etc/apparmor.d /etc/apparmor.d/force-complain /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.named /etc/ufw /etc/ufw/applications.d /etc/ufw/applications.d/bind9 /etc/init.d /etc/init.d/bind9 ... /usr/sbin /usr/sbin/dnssec-dsfromkey /usr/sbin/dnssec-keyfromlabel /usr/sbin/named /usr/bin /var /var/run /var/run/named /var/cache /var/cache/bind |
|
#dpkg -L bind9|less
|
|
#vim /etc/bind/named.conf.options
|
|
#~ {
1 // 2 // Do any local configuration here 3 // 4 5 // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your 6 // organization 7 //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; 8 "/etc/bind/named.conf.local" 8L, 165C |
|
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
|
#nameserver
bash: nameserver: command not found |
|
#ls -l /etc/.resolve.conf.swp
ls: cannot access /etc/.resolve.conf.swp: No such file or directory |
|
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3900.30161.14001 2009-06-04 12:05:19.000000000 +0300 +++ /etc/resolv.conf 2009-06-04 12:05:44.000000000 +0300 @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -nameserver 10.0.35.1 +#nameserver 10.0.35.1 +nameserver 127.0.0.1 domain unix.nt |
|
#ping www.google.com
PING www.l.google.com (74.125.87.104) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from hb-in-f104.google.com (74.125.87.104): icmp_seq=1 ttl=245 time=34.2 ms 64 bytes from hb-in-f104.google.com (74.125.87.104): icmp_seq=2 ttl=245 time=58.8 ms 64 bytes from hb-in-f104.google.com (74.125.87.104): icmp_seq=3 ttl=245 time=32.4 ms ^C --- www.l.google.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 32.420/41.838/58.821/12.034 ms |
|
#dig 127.0.0.1
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> 127.0.0.1 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 17044 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;127.0.0.1. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10559 IN SOA A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2009060301 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:06:22 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 102 |
|
#dig 127.0.0.1 NS
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> 127.0.0.1 NS ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 20985 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;127.0.0.1. IN NS ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10555 IN SOA A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2009060301 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:06:26 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 102 |
|
#rndc reload
server reload successful |
|
#dig 127.0.0.1 NS
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> 127.0.0.1 NS ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 25805 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;127.0.0.1. IN NS ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10492 IN SOA A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2009060301 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:07:29 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 102 |
|
#dig ya.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ya.ru ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 1911 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 6838 IN A 213.180.204.8 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ya.ru. 6838 IN NS ns5.yandex.ru. ya.ru. 6838 IN NS ns1.yandex.ru. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.yandex.ru. 170445 IN A 213.180.193.1 ns5.yandex.ru. 170445 IN A 213.180.204.1 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:08:30 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 114 |
|
#dig ya.ru ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> ya.ru ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 21369 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ya.ru. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: ya.ru. 6834 IN NS ns5.yandex.ru. ya.ru. 6834 IN NS ns1.yandex.ru. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.yandex.ru. 170441 IN A 213.180.193.1 ns5.yandex.ru. 170441 IN A 213.180.204.1 ;; Query time: 23 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:08:34 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 98 |
|
#watch dig ya.ru ns
|
|
#rndc flush
|
|
#watch dig ya.ru ns
|
|
#rndc dumpdb
|
|
#less /var/cache/bind/
|
|
#less /var/cache/bind/named_dump.db
|
|
#netstat -lnp
Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9999 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3653/inetd tcp 0 0 192.168.207.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 192.168.107.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 192.168.15.13:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3362/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3629/exim4 ... udp 0 0 192.168.15.13:53 0.0.0.0:* 5579/named udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 5579/named udp6 0 0 :::53 :::* 5579/named Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10242 3334/syslog-ng /dev/log unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10266 3344/dbus-daemon /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10579 3646/lpd /dev/printer unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10764 3764/apache2 /var/run/apache2/cgisock.3762 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10878 3857/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-aXnrnX3856/agent.3856 |
|
#netstat -lnp|grep named
tcp 0 0 192.168.207.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 192.168.107.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 192.168.15.13:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5579/named tcp6 0 0 :::53 :::* LISTEN 5579/named tcp6 0 0 ::1:953 :::* LISTEN 5579/named udp 0 0 192.168.207.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 5579/named udp 0 0 192.168.107.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 5579/named udp 0 0 192.168.15.13:53 0.0.0.0:* 5579/named udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 5579/named udp6 0 0 :::53 :::* 5579/named |
|
#dig ya.ru ns | ssh 192.168.15.14
ssh: connect to host 192.168.15.14 port 22: No route to host |
|
#dig ya.ru ns | ssh 192.168.107.2
ssh: connect to host 192.168.107.2 port 22: Connection refused |
|
#ssh 192.168.107.2
ssh: connect to host 192.168.107.2 port 22: Connection refused |
|
#ssh 192.168.107.1
The authenticity of host '192.168.107.1 (192.168.107.1)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 34:6c:c2:da:38:7c:d7:17:e9:cd:17:8d:e7:cf:f1:a6. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? no Host key verification failed. |
|
#netstat -lnp | grep named
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6199/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6199/named tcp6 0 0 :::53 :::* LISTEN 6199/named tcp6 0 0 ::1:953 :::* LISTEN 6199/named udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 6199/named udp6 0 0 :::53 :::* 6199/named |
|
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9^C rndc: connect failed: 127.0.0.1#953: operation canceled |
|
#/etc/init.d/bind9 stop
Stopping domain name service...: bind9^Crndc: connect failed: 127.0.0.1#953: operation canceled |
|
#iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.3.2 on Thu Jun 4 12:35:48 2009 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [143:12418] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [617:37191] -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Thu Jun 4 12:35:48 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.3.2 on Thu Jun 4 12:35:48 2009 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [12983:18197460] :FORWARD ACCEPT [24077:16853168] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [10361:9154176] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Jun 4 12:35:48 2009 |
|
#netstat -lnp
Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9999 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3653/inetd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3362/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3629/exim4 tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3762/apache2 tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 3362/sshd Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10242 3334/syslog-ng /dev/log unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10266 3344/dbus-daemon /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10579 3646/lpd /dev/printer unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10764 3764/apache2 /var/run/apache2/cgisock.3762 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10878 3857/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-aXnrnX3856/agent.3856 |
|
# 3 // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the
2
3 // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
// to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple
5 // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
6
7 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable
// nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders.
9 // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
11
...
16 auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
listen-on-v6 { any; };
18 #listen-on { 127.0.0.1; };
19 allow-recursion { 127.0.0.0/8; };
20
21 };
~
~
~
"/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 22L, 629C written
|
|
#tail /var/log/daemon.log
Jun 4 12:36:43 linux13 named[6870]: loading configuration: failure Jun 4 12:36:43 linux13 named[6870]: exiting (due to fatal error) Jun 4 12:38:24 linux13 named[7186]: starting BIND 9.6.0-P1 -u bind Jun 4 12:38:24 linux13 named[7186]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-fi Jun 4 12:38:24 linux13 named[7186]: found 2 CPUs, using 2 worker threads Jun 4 12:38:24 linux13 named[7186]: using up to 4096 sockets Jun 4 12:38:24 linux13 named[7186]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Jun 4 12:38:24 linux13 named[7186]: /etc/bind/named.conf.options:21: missing ';' before '}' Jun 4 12:38:24 linux13 named[7186]: loading configuration: failure Jun 4 12:38:24 linux13 named[7186]: exiting (due to fatal error) |
|
#dig @192.168.202.2 ya.ru
;; reply from unexpected source: 192.168.201.2#53, expected 192.168.202.2#53 ;; reply from unexpected source: 192.168.201.2#53, expected 192.168.202.2#53 ;; reply from unexpected source: 192.168.201.2#53, expected 192.168.202.2#53 ; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @192.168.202.2 ya.ru ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached |
|
#route
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.15.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.207.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0.207 192.168.107.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0.107 default 192.168.207.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0.207 |
|
#ssh 192.168.15.254
Connection to 192.168.15.254 closed by remote host. |
|
#vim /etc/network/interfaces
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3900.15484.296 2009-06-04 12:53:33.000000000 +0300
+++ /etc/network/interfaces 2009-06-04 12:54:02.000000000 +0300
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
# /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information.
auto lo eth0
-auto lo.107 eth0.107
-auto lo.207 eth0.207
+#auto lo.107 eth0.107
+#auto lo.207 eth0.207
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet static
@@ -13,20 +13,20 @@
broadcast 192.168.15.255
gateway 192.168.15.254
-iface lo.107 inet loopback
-iface eth0.107 inet static
- address 192.168.107.1
- netmask 255.255.255.0
- network 192.168.107.0
- broadcast 192.168.107.255
- #gateway 192.168.15.254
-
-iface lo.207 inet loopback
-iface eth0.207 inet static
- address 192.168.207.2
- netmask 255.255.255.0
- network 192.168.207.0
- broadcast 192.168.207.255
- #gateway 192.168.15.254
+#iface lo.107 inet loopback
+#iface eth0.107 inet static
+# address 192.168.107.1
+# netmask 255.255.255.0
+# network 192.168.107.0
+# broadcast 192.168.107.255
+# #gateway 192.168.15.254
+
+#iface lo.207 inet loopback
+#iface eth0.207 inet static
+# address 192.168.207.2
+# netmask 255.255.255.0
+# network 192.168.207.0
+# broadcast 192.168.207.255
+# #gateway 192.168.15.254
|
|
#/etc/init.d/networking force-reload
Reconfiguring network interfaces...SIOCDELRT: No such process Ignoring unknown interface eth0.107=eth0.107. Ignoring unknown interface eth0.207=eth0.207. done. |
|
#ifconfig -a|less
|
|
#ifconfig eth0.207 down
|
|
#ifconfig -a|less
|
|
#ifconfig -a|less
|
|
#route
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.15.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.15.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
|
#ping 10.0.35.100
PING 10.0.35.100 (10.0.35.100) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.259 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.100 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.259/0.259/0.259/0.000 ms |
|
#openvt
|
|
#openvt
|
|
#openvt
|
|
#openvt
|
|
#ssh 10.0.35.100
root@10.0.35.100's password: Linux linux0 2.6.18-6-xen-686 #1 SMP Sun Feb 10 22:43:13 UTC 2008 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Thu Jun 4 12:22:45 2009 from linux6.unix.nt l3-agent is already running: pid=4804; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
|
#less /var/log/Xorg.0.log
|
|
#sh -c 'sleep 10 ; pkill X' &
[1] 3935 |
|
#/etc/init.d/hal
hal halt |
|
#strace /etc/init.d/hal start | less
|
|
#/etc/init.d/hal start
Starting Hardware abstraction layer: hald/usr/sbin/hald already running. . |
|
#/etc/init.d/hal restart
Restarting Hardware abstraction layer: hald. |
|
#mv /etc/rc2.d/s
s24hal s30gdm |
|
#mv /etc/rc2.d/{s,S}24hal
|
|
#mv /etc/rc2.d/{s,S}30gdm
|
|
#ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 2128 720 ? Ss 13:01 0:01 init [2] root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 13:01 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 13:01 0:00 [migration/0] root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 13:01 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 13:01 0:00 [watchdog/0] root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 13:01 0:00 [migration/1] root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 13:01 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1] root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 13:01 0:00 [watchdog/1] root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 13:01 0:00 [cpuset] ... root 4217 0.0 0.0 3296 1108 ? S 13:04 0:00 hald-runner root 4251 0.0 0.0 5256 1824 ? S 13:04 0:00 hald-addon-inpu 104 4296 0.0 0.0 5116 1812 ? S 13:04 0:00 /usr/lib/hal/ha root 4297 0.0 0.0 5260 1832 ? S 13:04 0:00 hald-addon-stor user 4981 0.0 0.0 3160 1332 ? S 13:31 0:00 /usr/lib/gamin/ root 5464 0.0 0.0 4912 940 ? Ss 13:35 0:00 ssh-agent user 5878 0.0 0.3 29192 9780 ? Ss 13:36 0:00 /usr/bin/perl / user 5879 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? Z 13:36 0:00 [zim] <defunct> bind 9376 0.0 0.5 60136 17844 ? Ssl 14:59 0:00 /usr/sbin/named root 11201 0.0 0.0 4544 1060 pts/0 R+ 15:47 0:00 ps aux |
|
#ssh 10.0.35.100
root@10.0.35.100's password: Linux linux0 2.6.18-6-xen-686 #1 SMP Sun Feb 10 22:43:13 UTC 2008 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Thu Jun 4 13:12:18 2009 from linux2.unix.nt l3-agent is already running: pid=4804; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
|
#ssh 10.0.35.100
root@10.0.35.100's password: Linux linux0 2.6.18-6-xen-686 #1 SMP Sun Feb 10 22:43:13 UTC 2008 i686 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Thu Jun 4 13:12:18 2009 from linux2.unix.nt l3-agent is already running: pid=4804; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
|
#find /-name 16.txt
find: `/-name': No such file or directory find: `16.txt': No such file or directory |
|
#find /-name 16.txt
find: `/-name': No such file or directory find: `16.txt': No such file or directory |
|
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf.local
// // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; |
|
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf.local
// // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; |
|
#apt-cache search x text editor
libgtksourceview-dev - development files for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview-doc - documentation for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview1-ruby - GtkSourceView bindings for the Ruby language libgtksourceview1-ruby1.8 - GtkSourceView bindings for the Ruby language libgtksourceview1.0-0 - shared libraries for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview2-ruby - GtkSourceView2 bindings for the Ruby language libgtksourceview2-ruby1.8 - GtkSourceView2 bindings for the Ruby language libgtksourceview2.0-0 - shared libraries for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview2.0-common - common files for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview2.0-dev - development files for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget ... zim - graphical text editor based on wiki technologies zope-externaleditor - Zope External Editor zopeedit - Helper Application for Zope External Editor videolink - assembles a DVD video filesystem from HTML pages and video files axe - An editor for X docbookwiki - a Web application to display and edit DocBook documents online emacs21-common-non-dfsg - GNU Emacs shared, architecture independent, non-DFSG items emacs22-common-non-dfsg - GNU Emacs shared, architecture independent, non-DFSG items sauerbraten-data - Game content for the Sauerbraten game sisu-markup-samples - document markup examples for sisu, publish and search framework |
|
#apt-cache search x text editor
libgtksourceview-dev - development files for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview-doc - documentation for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview1-ruby - GtkSourceView bindings for the Ruby language libgtksourceview1-ruby1.8 - GtkSourceView bindings for the Ruby language libgtksourceview1.0-0 - shared libraries for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview2-ruby - GtkSourceView2 bindings for the Ruby language libgtksourceview2-ruby1.8 - GtkSourceView2 bindings for the Ruby language libgtksourceview2.0-0 - shared libraries for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview2.0-common - common files for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview2.0-dev - development files for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget ... zim - graphical text editor based on wiki technologies zope-externaleditor - Zope External Editor zopeedit - Helper Application for Zope External Editor videolink - assembles a DVD video filesystem from HTML pages and video files axe - An editor for X docbookwiki - a Web application to display and edit DocBook documents online emacs21-common-non-dfsg - GNU Emacs shared, architecture independent, non-DFSG items emacs22-common-non-dfsg - GNU Emacs shared, architecture independent, non-DFSG items sauerbraten-data - Game content for the Sauerbraten game sisu-markup-samples - document markup examples for sisu, publish and search framework |
// // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";
DAEMON_OPTS=
| Время первой команды журнала | 11:42:19 2009- 6- 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Время последней команды журнала | 13:37:14 2009- 6- 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 16.83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 2.97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 0.88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
| Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1
2
3
4
Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией.
Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды.
Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса,
нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008