/l3/users/eb/2009/linux3/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 :26 :27 :28 :29 :30 :31 :32 :33 :34 :35 :36 :37 :38 |
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#dig @ns.strace.net version.bind. chaos txt
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @ns.strace.net version.bind. chaos txt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 23270 ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; Query time: 24 msec ;; SERVER: 195.49.200.131#53(195.49.200.131) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:14:22 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 30 |
#dig @ns1.linuxhacker.ru version.bind. chaos txt
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @ns1.linuxhacker.ru version.bind. chaos txt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17478 ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH TXT "9.5.1-P2-RedHat-9.5.1-2.P2.fc10" ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH NS version.bind. ;; Query time: 95 msec ;; SERVER: 217.76.32.61#53(217.76.32.61) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:15:08 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 88 |
#dig @ns1.linuxhacker.ru version.bind. chaos txt
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @ns1.linuxhacker.ru version.bind. chaos txt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17478 ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH TXT "9.5.1-P2-RedHat-9.5.1-2.P2.fc10" ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH NS version.bind. ;; Query time: 95 msec ;; SERVER: 217.76.32.61#53(217.76.32.61) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:15:08 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 88 |
#dig @ns1.krymtel.net version.bind. chaos txt
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @ns1.krymtel.net version.bind. chaos txt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 7935 ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; Query time: 27 msec ;; SERVER: 195.216.212.138#53(195.216.212.138) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:16:16 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 30 |
#dig @ns1.krymtel.net version.bind. chaos txt
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @ns1.krymtel.net version.bind. chaos txt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 7935 ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; Query time: 27 msec ;; SERVER: 195.216.212.138#53(195.216.212.138) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:16:16 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 30 |
#dig @ns2.krymtel.net version.bind. chaos txt
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @ns2.krymtel.net version.bind. chaos txt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 26335 ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH TXT "9.3.4" ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH NS version.bind. ;; Query time: 28 msec ;; SERVER: 91.198.175.2#53(91.198.175.2) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:16:22 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 62 |
#dig @ns2.krymtel.net version.bind. chaos txt
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @ns2.krymtel.net version.bind. chaos txt ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 26335 ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;version.bind. CH TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH TXT "9.3.4" ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: version.bind. 0 CH NS version.bind. ;; Query time: 28 msec ;; SERVER: 91.198.175.2#53(91.198.175.2) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:16:22 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 62 |
#dig kyivstar.net ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20747 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 4 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;kyivstar.net. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: kyivstar.net. 85645 IN NS star.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 85645 IN NS ns1.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 85645 IN NS ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. kyivstar.net. 85645 IN NS ns.kyivstar.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.kyivstar.net. 86076 IN A 193.41.60.55 ns1.kyivstar.net. 86087 IN A 193.41.60.18 ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. 85645 IN A 195.64.225.199 star.kyivstar.net. 86067 IN A 193.41.60.25 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:20:31 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 181 |
#dig kyivstar.net ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20747 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 4 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;kyivstar.net. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: kyivstar.net. 85645 IN NS star.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 85645 IN NS ns1.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 85645 IN NS ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. kyivstar.net. 85645 IN NS ns.kyivstar.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.kyivstar.net. 86076 IN A 193.41.60.55 ns1.kyivstar.net. 86087 IN A 193.41.60.18 ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. 85645 IN A 195.64.225.199 star.kyivstar.net. 86067 IN A 193.41.60.25 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.35.1#53(10.0.35.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:20:31 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 181 |
#dig kyivstar.net @star.kyivstar.net ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net @star.kyivstar.net ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached |
#dig kyivstar.net @star.kyivstar.net ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net @star.kyivstar.net ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached |
#dig kyivstar.net @ns.kyivstar.net ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net @ns.kyivstar.net ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60183 ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 3 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;kyivstar.net. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: kyivstar.net. 86400 IN NS ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. kyivstar.net. 86400 IN NS star.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 86400 IN NS ns.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 86400 IN NS ns1.kyivstar.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.kyivstar.net. 86400 IN A 193.41.60.55 ns1.kyivstar.net. 86400 IN A 193.41.60.18 star.kyivstar.net. 86400 IN A 193.41.60.25 ;; Query time: 12 msec ;; SERVER: 193.41.60.55#53(193.41.60.55) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:21:55 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 165 |
#dig kyivstar.net @ns.kyivstar.net ns
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> kyivstar.net @ns.kyivstar.net ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60183 ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 3 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;kyivstar.net. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: kyivstar.net. 86400 IN NS ns2.elvisti.kiev.ua. kyivstar.net. 86400 IN NS star.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 86400 IN NS ns.kyivstar.net. kyivstar.net. 86400 IN NS ns1.kyivstar.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.kyivstar.net. 86400 IN A 193.41.60.55 ns1.kyivstar.net. 86400 IN A 193.41.60.18 star.kyivstar.net. 86400 IN A 193.41.60.25 ;; Query time: 12 msec ;; SERVER: 193.41.60.55#53(193.41.60.55) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 11:21:55 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 165 |
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: portmap Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: bind9utils Suggested packages: bind9-doc resolvconf ufw ... Setting up bind9utils (1:9.6.0.dfsg.P1-2) ... Setting up bind9 (1:9.6.0.dfsg.P1-2) ... Adding group `bind' (GID 111) ... Done. Adding system user `bind' (UID 108) ... Adding new user `bind' (UID 108) with group `bind' ... Not creating home directory `/var/cache/bind'. wrote key file "/etc/bind/rndc.key" # Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#apt-get install bind9
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: portmap Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: bind9utils Suggested packages: bind9-doc resolvconf ufw ... Setting up bind9utils (1:9.6.0.dfsg.P1-2) ... Setting up bind9 (1:9.6.0.dfsg.P1-2) ... Adding group `bind' (GID 111) ... Done. Adding system user `bind' (UID 108) ... Adding new user `bind' (UID 108) with group `bind' ... Not creating home directory `/var/cache/bind'. wrote key file "/etc/bind/rndc.key" # Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#ls -l /etc/bind
total 44 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 237 2009-04-23 15:27 db.0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 2009-04-23 15:27 db.127 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 237 2009-04-23 15:27 db.255 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 353 2009-04-23 15:27 db.empty -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 270 2009-04-23 15:27 db.local -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2878 2009-04-23 15:27 db.root -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 907 2009-04-23 15:27 named.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 165 2009-04-23 15:27 named.conf.local -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 572 2009-04-23 15:27 named.conf.options -rw-r----- 1 bind bind 77 2009-06-04 11:54 rndc.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1317 2009-04-23 15:27 zones.rfc1918 |
#ls -l /etc/bind
total 44 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 237 2009-04-23 15:27 db.0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 2009-04-23 15:27 db.127 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 237 2009-04-23 15:27 db.255 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 353 2009-04-23 15:27 db.empty -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 270 2009-04-23 15:27 db.local -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2878 2009-04-23 15:27 db.root -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 907 2009-04-23 15:27 named.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 165 2009-04-23 15:27 named.conf.local -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 572 2009-04-23 15:27 named.conf.options -rw-r----- 1 bind bind 77 2009-06-04 11:54 rndc.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1317 2009-04-23 15:27 zones.rfc1918 |
#cat /etc/bind/db.0
; ; BIND reverse data file for broadcast zone ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS localhost. |
#cat /etc/bind/db.0
; ; BIND reverse data file for broadcast zone ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS localhost. |
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; // prime the server with knowledge of the root servers zone "." { ... }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; |
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; // prime the server with knowledge of the root servers zone "." { ... }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; |
#ping -c1 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.916 ms --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.916/0.916/0.916/0.000 ms |
#ping -c1 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.916 ms --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.916/0.916/0.916/0.000 ms |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 testart
Usage: /etc/init.d/bind9 {start|stop|reload|restart|force-reload|status}. |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 testart
Usage: /etc/init.d/bind9 {start|stop|reload|restart|force-reload|status}. |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#dig @127.0.0.1 linux.org.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @127.0.0.1 linux.org.ru ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2362 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;linux.org.ru. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: linux.org.ru. 3600 IN A 217.76.32.61 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: linux.org.ru. 34698 IN NS ns1.linuxhacker.ru. linux.org.ru. 34698 IN NS ns.bat.ru. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.linuxhacker.ru. 34697 IN A 217.76.32.61 ;; Query time: 128 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:03:02 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 113 |
#dig @127.0.0.1 linux.org.ru
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @127.0.0.1 linux.org.ru ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2362 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;linux.org.ru. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: linux.org.ru. 3600 IN A 217.76.32.61 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: linux.org.ru. 34698 IN NS ns1.linuxhacker.ru. linux.org.ru. 34698 IN NS ns.bat.ru. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.linuxhacker.ru. 34697 IN A 217.76.32.61 ;; Query time: 128 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:03:02 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 113 |
#rndc --help
rndc: invalid argument -- Usage: rndc [-c config] [-s server] [-p port] [-k key-file ] [-y key] [-V] command command is one of the following: reload Reload configuration file and zones. reload zone [class [view]] Reload a single zone. refresh zone [class [view]] Schedule immediate maintenance for a zone. retransfer zone [class [view]] ... flush [view] Flushes the server's cache for a view. flushname name [view] Flush the given name from the server's cache(s) status Display status of the server. recursing Dump the queries that are currently recursing (named.recursing) validation newstate [view] Enable / disable DNSSEC validation. *restart Restart the server. * == not yet implemented Version: 9.6.0-P1 |
#rndc --help
rndc: invalid argument -- Usage: rndc [-c config] [-s server] [-p port] [-k key-file ] [-y key] [-V] command command is one of the following: reload Reload configuration file and zones. reload zone [class [view]] Reload a single zone. refresh zone [class [view]] Schedule immediate maintenance for a zone. retransfer zone [class [view]] ... flush [view] Flushes the server's cache for a view. flushname name [view] Flush the given name from the server's cache(s) status Display status of the server. recursing Dump the queries that are currently recursing (named.recursing) validation newstate [view] Enable / disable DNSSEC validation. *restart Restart the server. * == not yet implemented Version: 9.6.0-P1 |
#ls -l /var/cache/bind
total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 bind bind 9908 2009-06-04 12:15 named_dump.db |
#ls -l /var/cache/bind
total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 bind bind 9908 2009-06-04 12:15 named_dump.db |
#netstat -nlp -A inet | grep name
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 172.16.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 192.168.202.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 192.168.102.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 192.168.15.3:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named udp 0 0 172.16.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named udp 0 0 192.168.202.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named udp 0 0 192.168.102.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named udp 0 0 192.168.15.3:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named |
#netstat -nlp -A inet | grep name
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 172.16.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 192.168.202.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 192.168.102.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 192.168.15.3:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4706/named udp 0 0 172.16.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named udp 0 0 192.168.202.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named udp 0 0 192.168.102.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named udp 0 0 192.168.15.3:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 4706/named |
#~
// If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 28L, 651C written |
#~
// If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/bind/named.conf.options" 28L, 651C written |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:07:e9:3c:2c:ba inet addr:192.168.15.3 Bcast:192.168.15.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2cba/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:42655 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:36181 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:16264043 (15.5 MiB) TX bytes:7160019 (6.8 MiB) eth0.102 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:07:e9:3c:2c:ba inet addr:192.168.102.1 Bcast:192.168.102.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 ... TX packets:454 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:409157 (399.5 KiB) TX bytes:409157 (399.5 KiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:172.16.1.2 P-t-P:172.16.1.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:20609 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22607 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:10160428 (9.6 MiB) TX bytes:1923938 (1.8 MiB) |
#ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:07:e9:3c:2c:ba inet addr:192.168.15.3 Bcast:192.168.15.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::207:e9ff:fe3c:2cba/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:42655 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:36181 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:16264043 (15.5 MiB) TX bytes:7160019 (6.8 MiB) eth0.102 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:07:e9:3c:2c:ba inet addr:192.168.102.1 Bcast:192.168.102.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 ... TX packets:454 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:409157 (399.5 KiB) TX bytes:409157 (399.5 KiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:172.16.1.2 P-t-P:172.16.1.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:20609 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22607 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:10160428 (9.6 MiB) TX bytes:1923938 (1.8 MiB) |
#ip route
192.168.201.2 via 192.168.202.1 dev eth0.202 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2 192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0.102 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.1 192.168.15.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.3 192.168.202.0/24 dev eth0.202 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.2 default via 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 |
#ip route
192.168.201.2 via 192.168.202.1 dev eth0.202 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2 192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0.102 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.1 192.168.15.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.3 192.168.202.0/24 dev eth0.202 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.2 default via 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 |
#netstat -nlp -A inet | grep named
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 30053/named |
#netstat -nlp -A inet | grep named
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 30053/named |
#dig @192.168.202.2 adobe.com
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @192.168.202.2 adobe.com ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2755 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;adobe.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: adobe.com. 86400 IN A 192.150.18.117 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: adobe.com. 86400 IN NS adobe-dns.adobe.com. adobe.com. 86400 IN NS adobe-dns-3.adobe.com. adobe.com. 86400 IN NS adobe-dns-2.adobe.com. ;; Query time: 325 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.202.2#53(192.168.202.2) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:46:52 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 119 |
#dig @192.168.202.2 adobe.com
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @192.168.202.2 adobe.com ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2755 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;adobe.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: adobe.com. 86400 IN A 192.150.18.117 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: adobe.com. 86400 IN NS adobe-dns.adobe.com. adobe.com. 86400 IN NS adobe-dns-3.adobe.com. adobe.com. 86400 IN NS adobe-dns-2.adobe.com. ;; Query time: 325 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.202.2#53(192.168.202.2) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 4 12:46:52 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 119 |
#cat /etc/network/interfaces
# Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information. auto lo eth0 iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.15.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.15.0 broadcast 192.168.15.255 gateway 192.168.15.254 auto eth0.102 iface eth0.102 inet static address 192.168.102.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 vlan_raw_device eth0 auto eth0.202 iface eth0.202 inet static address 192.168.202.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 vlan_raw_device eth0 gateway 192.168.202.1 |
#cat /etc/network/interfaces
# Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information. auto lo eth0 iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.15.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.15.0 broadcast 192.168.15.255 gateway 192.168.15.254 auto eth0.102 iface eth0.102 inet static address 192.168.102.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 vlan_raw_device eth0 auto eth0.202 iface eth0.202 inet static address 192.168.202.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 vlan_raw_device eth0 gateway 192.168.202.1 |
#cat /etc/openvpn/client.conf
port 443 proto tcp-client dev tun ifconfig 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.1 #route 192.168.101.0 255.255.255.0 redirect-gateway secret linux1.key remote 192.168.201.2 remote 192.168.211.2 ping 5 ping-restart 30 |
#cat /etc/openvpn/client.conf
port 443 proto tcp-client dev tun ifconfig 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.1 #route 192.168.101.0 255.255.255.0 redirect-gateway secret linux1.key remote 192.168.201.2 remote 192.168.211.2 ping 5 ping-restart 30 |
#!net
netstat -nlp -A inet | grep name Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 172.16.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 192.168.202.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 192.168.102.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 192.168.15.3:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named udp 0 0 172.16.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named udp 0 0 192.168.202.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named udp 0 0 192.168.102.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named udp 0 0 192.168.15.3:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named |
#!net
netstat -nlp -A inet | grep name Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 172.16.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 192.168.202.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 192.168.102.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 192.168.15.3:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5180/named udp 0 0 172.16.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named udp 0 0 192.168.202.2:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named udp 0 0 192.168.102.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named udp 0 0 192.168.15.3:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 5180/named |
#ip route
192.168.201.2 via 192.168.202.1 dev eth0.202 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2 192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0.102 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.1 192.168.15.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.3 192.168.202.0/24 dev eth0.202 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.2 default via 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 |
#ip route
192.168.201.2 via 192.168.202.1 dev eth0.202 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2 192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0.102 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.1 192.168.15.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.3 192.168.202.0/24 dev eth0.202 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.2 default via 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 |
#ip route
192.168.201.2 via 192.168.202.1 dev eth0.202 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2 192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0.102 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.1 192.168.15.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.3 192.168.202.0/24 dev eth0.202 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.2 default via 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 |
#ip route
192.168.201.2 via 192.168.202.1 dev eth0.202 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2 192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0.102 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.1 192.168.15.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.3 192.168.202.0/24 dev eth0.202 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.2 default via 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 |
#/etc/init.d/openvpn restart
Stopping virtual private network daemon: client. Starting virtual private network daemon: client. |
#/etc/init.d/openvpn restart
Stopping virtual private network daemon: client. Starting virtual private network daemon: client. |
#ssh 172.16.1.1
l3-agent is already running: pid=4276; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#ssh 172.16.1.1
l3-agent is already running: pid=4276; pidfile=/root/.lilalo/l3-agent.pid |
#ip route
172.16.1.1 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2 192.168.101.0/24 via 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0.102 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.1 192.168.15.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.3 192.168.202.0/24 dev eth0.202 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.2 default via 192.168.202.1 dev eth0.202 |
#ip route
172.16.1.1 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2 192.168.101.0/24 via 172.16.1.1 dev tun0 192.168.102.0/24 dev eth0.102 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.102.1 192.168.15.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.3 192.168.202.0/24 dev eth0.202 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.2 default via 192.168.202.1 dev eth0.202 |
#traceroute -n crimea.board.info
crimea.board.info: Name or service not known Cannot handle "host" cmdline arg `crimea.board.info' on position 1 (argc 2) |
#traceroute -n crimea.board.info
crimea.board.info: Name or service not known Cannot handle "host" cmdline arg `crimea.board.info' on position 1 (argc 2) |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.205 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.173 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.173/0.189/0.205/0.016 ms |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.205 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.173 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.173/0.189/0.205/0.016 ms |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.223 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.187 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.158 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.158/0.189/0.223/0.028 ms |
#ping 10.0.35.1
PING 10.0.35.1 (10.0.35.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.223 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.187 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.158 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.158/0.189/0.223/0.028 ms |
#ping 10.0.35.100
PING 10.0.35.100 (10.0.35.100) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.229 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.220 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.100: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=0.194 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.100 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.194/0.214/0.229/0.019 ms |
#ping 10.0.35.100
PING 10.0.35.100 (10.0.35.100) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.35.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.229 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.220 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.35.100: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=0.194 ms ^C --- 10.0.35.100 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.194/0.214/0.229/0.019 ms |
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; // prime the server with knowledge of the root servers zone "." { ... }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; |
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; // prime the server with knowledge of the root servers zone "." { ... }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; |
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf.local
// // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; |
#cat /etc/bind/named.conf.local
// // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; |
#vi /root/.vim
|
#vi /root/.vim
|
#vi /root/.vimrc
--- /tmp/l3-saved-3471.685.29474 2009-06-04 14:28:52.000000000 +0300 +++ /root/.vimrc 2009-06-04 14:29:09.000000000 +0300 @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +syn on + |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Stopping domain name service...: bind9. Starting domain name service...: bind9. |
; ; BIND reverse data file for broadcast zone ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS localhost.
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; // prime the server with knowledge of the root servers zone "." { type hint; file "/etc/bind/db.root"; }; // be authoritative for the localhost forward and reverse zones, and for // broadcast zones as per RFC 1912 zone "localhost" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.local"; }; zone "127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.127"; }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
// // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";
# Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information. auto lo eth0 iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.15.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.15.0 broadcast 192.168.15.255 gateway 192.168.15.254 auto eth0.102 iface eth0.102 inet static address 192.168.102.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 vlan_raw_device eth0 auto eth0.202 iface eth0.202 inet static address 192.168.202.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 vlan_raw_device eth0 gateway 192.168.202.1
port 443 proto tcp-client dev tun ifconfig 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.1 #route 192.168.101.0 255.255.255.0 redirect-gateway secret linux1.key remote 192.168.201.2 remote 192.168.211.2 ping 5 ping-restart 30
nameserver 10.0.35.1 domain unix.nt
Время первой команды журнала | 11:14:14 2009- 6- 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 14:31:04 2009- 6- 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 7.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 1.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 1.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
|
В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
|
Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008