/l3/users/max-public/nt-scale/debian3.unix.nt/root :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 :10 :11 :12 :13 :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 :19 :20 :21 :22 :23 :24 :25 |
|
#ls
![]() disk1.img disk4.img keyring-tpVmnK seahorse-haAsAE disk2.img disk.img orbit-Debian-gdm ssh-oOCRiY1991 disk3.img gnash-cookies.8702 orbit-user virtual-user.zVOsSw |
#ls
disk1.img disk4.img keyring-tpVmnK seahorse-haAsAE disk2.img disk.img orbit-Debian-gdm ssh-oOCRiY1991 disk3.img gnash-cookies.8702 orbit-user virtual-user.zVOsSw |
#mdadm -G /dev/md0 -n 4
![]() mdadm: Need to backup 3072K of critical section.. mdadm: /dev/md0: Cannot grow - need a spare or backup-file to backup critical section |
#mdadm -G /dev/md0 -n 4
![]() mdadm: Need to backup 3072K of critical section.. mdadm: /dev/md0: Cannot grow - need a spare or backup-file to backup critical section |
#mdadm -G /dev/md0 -n 4 --backup-file=/tmp/backup.tmp
![]() mdadm: Need to backup 3072K of critical section.. |
#mdadm -G /dev/md0 -n 4 --backup-file=/tmp/backup.tmp
mdadm: Need to backup 3072K of critical section.. |
#ls -l /tmp/
![]() total 1435048 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Feb 21 12:09 disk1.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Feb 21 12:09 disk2.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Feb 21 12:09 disk3.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Feb 21 12:05 disk4.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1048576000 Feb 21 10:40 disk.img -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 43 Feb 21 11:19 gnash-cookies.8702 drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 09:42 keyring-tpVmnK drwx------ 2 Debian-gdm Debian-gdm 4096 Feb 21 09:42 orbit-Debian-gdm drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 11:47 orbit-user drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 09:42 seahorse-haAsAE drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 09:42 ssh-oOCRiY1991 drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 09:42 virtual-user.zVOsSw |
#ls -l /tmp/
total 1435048 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Feb 21 12:09 disk1.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Feb 21 12:09 disk2.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Feb 21 12:09 disk3.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Feb 21 12:05 disk4.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1048576000 Feb 21 10:40 disk.img -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 43 Feb 21 11:19 gnash-cookies.8702 drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 09:42 keyring-tpVmnK drwx------ 2 Debian-gdm Debian-gdm 4096 Feb 21 09:42 orbit-Debian-gdm drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 11:47 orbit-user drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 09:42 seahorse-haAsAE drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 09:42 ssh-oOCRiY1991 drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 21 09:42 virtual-user.zVOsSw |
#cat /proc/mdstat
![]() Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 loop2[3] loop1[1] loop0[0] 305664 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] unused devices: <none> |
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 loop2[3] loop1[1] loop0[0] 305664 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] unused devices: <none> |
#mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/loop3
![]() mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/loop3: Device or resource busy |
#mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/loop3
![]() mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/loop3: Device or resource busy |
#cat /proc/mdstat
![]() Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 loop3[4](F) loop2[3] loop1[1] loop0[0] 305664 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] unused devices: <none> |
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 loop3[4](F) loop2[3] loop1[1] loop0[0] 305664 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] unused devices: <none> |
#mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/loop3
![]() mdadm: Cannot open /dev/loop3: Device or resource busy |
#mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/loop3
![]() mdadm: Cannot open /dev/loop3: Device or resource busy |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
![]() Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
![]() Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf64ce41d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf64ce41d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
![]() Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
![]() Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf64ce41d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf64ce41d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
![]() Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=512
![]() ^C265673+0 records in 265673+0 records out 136024576 bytes (136 MB) copied, 6.35396 s, 21.4 MB/s |
#dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=512
![]() ^C265673+0 records in 265673+0 records out 136024576 bytes (136 MB) copied, 6.35396 s, 21.4 MB/s |
#dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=1
![]() 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.000339568 s, 1.5 MB/s |
#dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=1
1+0 records in 1+0 records out 512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.000339568 s, 1.5 MB/s |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 97654784, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 97656832, size= 9764864, Id=82 /dev/sda3 : start=107421696, size= 9767520, Id= 5 /dev/sda4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda5 : start=107421759, size= 9767457, Id=83 |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 97654784, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 97656832, size= 9764864, Id=82 /dev/sda3 : start=107421696, size= 9767520, Id= 5 /dev/sda4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/sda5 : start=107421759, size= 9767457, Id=83 |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... sed: -e expression #1, char 9: unterminated `s' command OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 107421696 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 0+ 6078- 6079- 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6078+ 6686- 608- 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6686+ 7294- 608 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty New situation: No partitions found sfdisk: no partition table present. |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... sed: -e expression #1, char 9: unterminated `s' command OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 107421696 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 0+ 6078- 6079- 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6078+ 6686- 608- 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6686+ 7294- 608 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty New situation: No partitions found sfdisk: no partition table present. |
#fdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0xdada of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): ^C |
#fdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0xdada of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): ^C |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0xdada of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 ? 235245 463802 1835887981 da Non-FS data |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0xdada of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 ? 235245 463802 1835887981 da Non-FS data |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... sed: -e expression #1, char 9: unterminated `s' command OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 107421696 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 0+ 6078- 6079- 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6078+ 6686- 608- 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6686+ 7294- 608 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty New situation: No partitions found sfdisk: no partition table present. |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... sed: -e expression #1, char 9: unterminated `s' command OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 107421696 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 0+ 6078- 6079- 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6078+ 6686- 608- 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6686+ 7294- 608 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty New situation: No partitions found sfdisk: no partition table present. |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... sed: -e expression #1, char 9: unterminated `s' command OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 107421696 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 0+ 6078- 6079- 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6078+ 6686- 608- 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6686+ 7294- 608 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty New situation: No partitions found sfdisk: no partition table present. |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... sed: -e expression #1, char 9: unterminated `s' command OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 107421696 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 0+ 6078- 6079- 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6078+ 6686- 608- 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6686+ 7294- 608 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty New situation: No partitions found sfdisk: no partition table present. |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0xdada of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 ? 235245 463802 1835887981 da Non-FS data |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0xdada of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 ? 235245 463802 1835887981 da Non-FS data |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb/ | sfdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 107421696 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 ... Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 97656831 97654784 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 97656832 107421695 9764864 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 107421696 117189215 9767520 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb5 107421759 117189215 9767457 83 Linux Warning: partition 1 does not end at a cylinder boundary sfdisk: I don't like these partitions - nothing changed. (If you really want this, use the --force option.) |
#sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed s/sda/sdb/ | sfdisk /dev/sdb
![]() Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... OK Disk /dev/sdb: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. sfdisk: ERROR: sector 107421696 does not have an msdos signature Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 ... Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 97656831 97654784 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 97656832 107421695 9764864 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 107421696 117189215 9767520 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb5 107421759 117189215 9767457 83 Linux Warning: partition 1 does not end at a cylinder boundary sfdisk: I don't like these partitions - nothing changed. (If you really want this, use the --force option.) |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
![]() Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#vim /etc/fstab
![]() --- /tmp/l3-saved-2379.6829.31627 2012-02-21 12:41:43.000000000 +0200 +++ /etc/fstab 2012-02-21 12:42:13.000000000 +0200 @@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ -UUID=bfb9b743-da37-434a-8d13-f88eb9cec00a /data ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 +#UUID=bfb9b743-da37-434a-8d13-f88eb9cec00a /data ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 |
#tail /etc/fstab
![]() proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=d1d3fe1c-0e10-4948-816a-9c9d9edc4f8b / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation UUID=a698fa73-0488-4628-9b99-5c4f3cacf26a none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 #UUID=bfb9b743-da37-434a-8d13-f88eb9cec00a /data ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 |
#tail /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=d1d3fe1c-0e10-4948-816a-9c9d9edc4f8b / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation UUID=a698fa73-0488-4628-9b99-5c4f3cacf26a none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 #UUID=bfb9b743-da37-434a-8d13-f88eb9cec00a /data ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
![]() Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
![]() Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b4942 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6079 48827392 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 6079 6687 4882432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 6687 7295 4883760 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 6687 7295 4883728+ 83 Linux |
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6
![]() mdadm: device /dev/sda5 not suitable for any style of array |
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6
![]() mdadm: device /dev/sda5 not suitable for any style of array |
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdb5
![]() mdadm: device /dev/sda5 not suitable for any style of array |
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdb5
![]() mdadm: device /dev/sda5 not suitable for any style of array |
#mount
![]() /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda5 on /data type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) |
#mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda5 on /data type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) |
#mount
![]() /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) |
#mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) |
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdb5
![]() mdadm: /dev/sda5 appears to contain an ext2fs file system size=4883728K mtime=Tue Feb 21 09:41:45 2012 mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? y mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. |
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdb5
mdadm: /dev/sda5 appears to contain an ext2fs file system size=4883728K mtime=Tue Feb 21 09:41:45 2012 mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? y mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. |
#cat /proc/mdstat
![]() Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid1 sdb5[1] sda5[0] 4882692 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] [==>..................] resync = 13.9% (680192/4882692) finish=7.0min speed=10002K/sec unused devices: <none> |
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid1 sdb5[1] sda5[0] 4882692 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] [==>..................] resync = 13.9% (680192/4882692) finish=7.0min speed=10002K/sec unused devices: <none> |
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid1 sdb5[1] sda5[0] 4882692 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] [==>..................] resync = 13.9% (680192/4882692) finish=7.0min speed=10002K/sec unused devices: <none>
Время первой команды журнала | 11:06:49 2012- 2-21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Время последней команды журнала | 11:49:35 2012- 2-21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в журнале | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент команд с ненулевым кодом завершения, % | 19.80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Процент синтаксически неверно набранных команд, % | 5.94 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Суммарное время работы с терминалом *, час | 0.71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Количество командных строк в единицу времени, команда/мин | 2.36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Частота использования команд |
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В журнал автоматически попадают все команды, данные в любом терминале системы.
Для того чтобы убедиться, что журнал на текущем терминале ведётся, и команды записываются, дайте команду w. В поле WHAT, соответствующем текущему терминалу, должна быть указана программа script.
Команды, при наборе которых были допущены синтаксические ошибки, выводятся перечёркнутым текстом:
$ l s-l bash: l: command not found |
Если код завершения команды равен нулю, команда была выполнена без ошибок. Команды, код завершения которых отличен от нуля, выделяются цветом.
$ test 5 -lt 4 |
Команды, ход выполнения которых был прерван пользователем, выделяются цветом.
$ find / -name abc find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.gnome2_private: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.nautilus/metafiles: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.metacity: Keine Berechtigung find: /home/devi-orig/.inkscape: Keine Berechtigung ^C |
Команды, выполненные с привилегиями суперпользователя, выделяются слева красной чертой.
# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Gruppen=0(root) |
Изменения, внесённые в текстовый файл с помощью редактора, запоминаются и показываются в журнале в формате ed. Строки, начинающиеся символом "<", удалены, а строки, начинающиеся символом ">" -- добавлены.
$ vi ~/.bashrc
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Для того чтобы изменить файл в соответствии с показанными в диффшоте изменениями, можно воспользоваться командой patch. Нужно скопировать изменения, запустить программу patch, указав в качестве её аргумента файл, к которому применяются изменения, и всавить скопированный текст:
$ patch ~/.bashrc |
Для того чтобы получить краткую справочную информацию о команде, нужно подвести к ней мышь. Во всплывающей подсказке появится краткое описание команды.
Если справочная информация о команде есть, команда выделяется голубым фоном, например: vi. Если справочная информация отсутствует, команда выделяется розовым фоном, например: notepad.exe. Справочная информация может отсутствовать в том случае, если (1) команда введена неверно; (2) если распознавание команды LiLaLo выполнено неверно; (3) если информация о команде неизвестна LiLaLo. Последнее возможно для редких команд.
Большие, в особенности многострочные, всплывающие подсказки лучше всего показываются браузерами KDE Konqueror, Apple Safari и Microsoft Internet Explorer. В браузерах Mozilla и Firefox они отображаются не полностью, а вместо перевода строки выводится специальный символ.
Время ввода команды, показанное в журнале, соответствует времени начала ввода командной строки, которое равно тому моменту, когда на терминале появилось приглашение интерпретатора
Имя терминала, на котором была введена команда, показано в специальном блоке. Этот блок показывается только в том случае, если терминал текущей команды отличается от терминала предыдущей.
Вывод не интересующих вас в настоящий момент элементов журнала, таких как время, имя терминала и других, можно отключить. Для этого нужно воспользоваться формой управления журналом вверху страницы.
Небольшие комментарии к командам можно вставлять прямо из командной строки. Комментарий вводится прямо в командную строку, после символов #^ или #v. Символы ^ и v показывают направление выбора команды, к которой относится комментарий: ^ - к предыдущей, v - к следующей. Например, если в командной строке было введено:
$ whoami
user
$ #^ Интересно, кто я?в журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami
user
Интересно, кто я? |
Если комментарий содержит несколько строк, его можно вставить в журнал следующим образом:
$ whoami
user
$ cat > /dev/null #^ Интересно, кто я?
Программа whoami выводит имя пользователя, под которым мы зарегистрировались в системе. - Она не может ответить на вопрос о нашем назначении в этом мире.В журнале это будет выглядеть так:
$ whoami user
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Комментарии, не относящиеся непосредственно ни к какой из команд, добавляются точно таким же способом, только вместо симолов #^ или #v нужно использовать символы #=
1 2 3 4Группы команд, выполненных на разных терминалах, разделяются специальной линией. Под этой линией в правом углу показано имя терминала, на котором выполнялись команды. Для того чтобы посмотреть команды только одного сенса, нужно щёкнуть по этому названию.
LiLaLo (L3) расшифровывается как Live Lab Log.
Программа разработана для повышения эффективности обучения Unix/Linux-системам.
(c) Игорь Чубин, 2004-2008